文献翻译-浮阀塔的清洗

第1页共66页文献翻译CleaningvalvetowerLeiZhiHongChinaBlueStarChemicalCleaningCompany,LanzhouAbstract：Inthispaper,thepointofviewofcleaningvalvetowerhadabriefintroduction,andseveralconventionalcleaningmethodswerecompared,usingorganicacidsasthemaincleansingagent,onthewholefloatvalvetowerfullofforcedcirculationisasafecleaning,reliable,maturecleaningmethods.Keywords：Valvetower；allfull；organicacids；cleaningOnePrefaceTowerequipmentispetroleum,chemicalandotherindustrialproductioninthebodywithawiderangeshouldbeanimportantproductionequipment,Itsmainfunctionistoprovidesufficientgas-liquidtwo-phasecontacts,Thetwophasemasstransferandheattransfereffectscanbeeffectivelycarriedout.Therefore,thetowersetupthenecessarygasliquidcontactcomponent.Accordingtothedifferentcomponentsofgas-liquidcontact,Thetypesoftowerscanbedividedintocontactwiththeplatelevelandcontinuouscontacttowerpackingtower.Valvetrayisbelongingtocolumntower.SecondthestructureofvalvetowerfeaturesValvetowertowersalongtheinsideofthetowerheight,Equippedwithamulti-layerseparatedbyacertaindistanceofthevalvetray.Valvetrayisusedinthefiftiesanewtypeofplate,whichisopeningintheplate,holeplacementcanbeupanddownthetopofthevalvethatisfloatingvalve,thevalvecanbeincreasedwithchangesinvolumeautomaticallyapertureadjustment.Tray-typeformofthegeneralsub-blockandsub-blocktwo.TowerDrive-hoforthe600-700millimeterstower,theuseofblock-typetray,betweenthetubesupportplate.Towerdiametergreaterthan800millimetersofthetowerblocktheuseofsub-tray,putthebodyintheweldinginthe第2页共66页towerwallfixeditemsonthetray.Theformofmanyvalve,common-typeF1floatingvalve(V1saidforeign-typefloatvalve),V4typeandT-valvefloatvalve,etc.,withF1typevalveismostwidelyused.Presentationfromthefrontwecanseethefloatvalvetowerstructurehasthefollowingcharacteristics(fromthepointofviewofcleaning):(1)valvestructuredtowergeometry,symmetrygood(2)towervalvetraywiththesurfacelevel,unevenwall(3)thesurfaceofeachtowerarrangementTherearemanycomponents,suchasthedowncomer,overflowweir,theliquiddisk,floatvalve,sothatthesurfaceofruggedtray.ThirdseveralcommonlyusedmethodsofcleaningvalveassessmentoftheapplicabilityoftowercleaningOflarge-capacitytank,tanks,washingtowers,weusedsandblastingcleaningmethodstoclean,highpressurewaterjetcleaning,spraycleaning,foamcleaning,gumpastecleansingandforcedtributetoswallowthewholeringfullofcleansing.1.BlastingCleaningThatis,theuseofhigh-speedairstream,mixedwithquartzsandandotherabrasive,sharpintheflowbodytocombatthedirtwascleanedsurfacelayer,andpeelingofflayersofdirtremovedfromthesystem.Thislawappliestoopen,Wide,emptytheappearanceofthelargecontainerandthedetergent,suchassteelforrust,suchascabincleaning.Thevalvetower,itsinternalcomponentsmorespacetooperate,notavailableintheconstructionofsandblasting.2.High-pressurewaterjetcleaningThatis,withhighpressurewaterjetsmashdirtfloor,sothatdirtofffloorandexposedmetalsurfaces,theuseofthree-dimensionalnozzleofthecontainersurfacecanbecompletelycleanedofthejet.Althoughhigh-pressurewaterjetforcleaningrustlargeplotfeasible,buteasytogeneratethesecondfloatingrust,soareusedtocleanstainlesssteelequipmentforthetowersuchastheinternalvalvecomponentsof第3页共66页complex,smallhigh-shapeddevice,thelimitationsoftheircleansingandcouldbeevengreater.3.sprayCleansingInthecleaningprocess,usingsprayringorotherdevicetobesprayedevenlysprayingcleaningfluidatthetopoftheequipmentinthefaceofit,relyingontheweightofliquidcleaningalongthevesselwalldown,sothatcleaningfluidintheinnersurfacewiththecleaningfullscaleinfiltrationandchemicalreaction,tothepurposeofdissolvingscaledecontamination.Withsprayvalvetoweronthewashing,Iftheoperationofconventionalmethods,Evensomeofthenegativeplateinsidecontainersareeasytowashdrainphenomenon,theformationofdead-endcleaning.Toimprovethissituation,PracticeinthewashingdrumusedtosimulatethewaygasvalvetowerworkSothatthecleaningfluidtocleanthesurfacewithafullcontact,wasmoreperfectcleaningresult.ThisdrumcontrolgascleaninghasbecomethekeyIftheyaretocleanthescenelessthangasorinertgasinstability,lackofexperienceofconstructionworkers,Cleaningeffectwillbeaffectedsothatdifferentlevelsofcleaningleftcornertothenextstepand,passivationdifficulttoperfectmanner.Whencleaningsprayandcleanthesurfaceisnotuniformlyexposedtosimultaneouslycleaningfluid,theremaybesomeareaswashedbythecleaningfluidofsomestrong,adequate,andweakareasofanumberofcleaningagentsislowerinthecaseofflowrate.Withametalcleaningliquidelectrolytewiththesameaccesstoitsconcentration,temperature,flowrate,dissolvedoxygenconditions,suchasadiscrepancybetweentheelectrolytesystemmayleadtoconcentrationcellcorrosion.Inaddition,becausethesprayprocess,thecleaningfluidtocleanthesurfacewithdifferentexposuretothesituation,couldcausecorrosioninmetalsurfacecleaningunevenorincompletefilm,partoftheimpactofmembraneintegrityandincompletepartofthemetalpotentialbecometheformationofmicro-cellcorrosion.WhenCleansingspray,duetocut-offtheflowofsprayersandthecompositionofmanysmallholes,oftentoplugholesimpurities,improperhandlingwillalsoaffectthecleaningresult.第4页共66页Althoughthesprayusedtocleanwithacleaningmediumsmall,economicalandpractical,simpletooperate,butitshighersubjectiveandobjectiverequirements,potentialnon-uniformcorrosioncausedbyanumberoffactors.Therefore,whenused,mustbecarefullyweighedagainstthemulti-attitude,designedtooperatecarefully.Aslightmistake,itispossibletoaffectthecleaningresult.4.FoamCleansingBlowingagentisabouttojoininthesprayingofcleaningagentstothedeviceitself,blowninertgas,sothatcontainersfulloffoam,whichwascleanedtoremovesurfacedirt.However,thismethodisstillinbubblecleanresearchanddevelopmentstage,thesceneintheuseoflesscleaning.5.GumpastecleaningCleansingwithcleansingcreamthatistojointhecleaningagentinthickeningagent,appliedinthecleaningsurface,tobeachemicalreactionaftertheendofcleaningpastetoremove.Gumpasteisgenerallyusedtocleantheoutersurfaceofthecleaningequipment,ifthewallforthecontainerhandlingequipmentinsidethecontainershouldbelargeconstructionspaceandgoodventilationconditions.Therefore,thisadhesivepasteonthevalvetowercleaningdoesnotapply,evenifputtingitintoeffect,theworkloadlikelytobeconsiderable.6.ThewholecycleofamandatorycleaningCleaningcycleisthemostcommonlyusedinchemicalcleaningandacleanmostmaturetechnology,Infullafteremptyingvalvecancompletelyeliminatethedead-endcleaninghouses,cleaningfluidcanmaintainacertaintemperatureandconcentrationincontactwiththedirtalongtime,thereactiontofullycomplete,generallytoachieveasatisfactorycleaningeffect.Severalothermeansofcleansing,theuseofrecyclingtechnologyforcleaningvalvetower,butalsohavethefollowingcharacteristics:(A)ifareasonablepiping,cleaningliquidcanbefilledeverycorneroftheequipmentandthefullcycle,fromtheinternalvalvecomponentsTowerComplexMiscellaneousrestrictions.第5页共66页(B)thecleaningliquidtoacertaindegreeoftemperature,flowvelocitywasevenlytocleanmetalsurface,reducingtheformationofmicro-cellcorrosionOpportunities.(C)theuseofsandblasting,highpressurewaterjet,spray,foam,gumpaste,suchascleaningtechnologyforcleaningvalvetower,therequirementsofeachvalveinthetowerfromitsisolationfromthesystem,respectively,toconductanindependentcleaninganditsconnectiontothepipelineorotherancillaryequipmentcannotbeimplementedsimultaneouslycleaning.Cleaningcycleandtheuseoftechnology,notonlythroughtherationalallocationofcontrolofthevalvetowertocarryouteffectivecleaningitself,butalsoformaterialsconnectedwiththepipeline,condenser,reboiler,preheatercanalsobeagoodcleaning.Therefore,thiscleaningtechnologyisparticularlyapplicabletovalvetowerincludingcompletesetsofdevices,includingthecleaningsystem.(D)adoptthecycleofcleaningtechnologyforcleaningvalvetower,tobeconsumingalargenumberofchemicalcleaningagents,thistechnologyifthedrycleaningdevicecompleteeachofthepharmaceutical,aftercleaningbyasimpletreatment,andthenaddsomefreshPharmacy,thenextsystemcanbeusedforcleaning,sothatthecleansingeffectofboththeguaranteeandensurethecleansingoftheeconomy.Throughtheabovecomparison,theassessment,itisnotdifficulttodraw,circulationcleaningtechnologyforcleaningvalvetoweroftheapplicabilityofthestrongest,allfullofforcedcirculationcleaningisasafeandreliablemethodofcleaning.FourththechoiceofcleaningagentInordertomeettheequipmentneedsofthemechanicalstrengthtoadapttodifferentoperatingconditions,valvetowerstowerwall,plate,valves,hemanufacturingprocessinthematerialareverystringent.Inmanycasesthereisatowerwall,plate,valves,suchasthephenomenonofdifferentmaterials.Suchaschoiceofcarbonsteeltowerwall,tray,choiceofvalvesmadeofstainlesssteelmaterialsforthetowerwall,towercomponenttrayfortheimportedmaterialsusedcastiron,orstainlesssteelvalves,suchascarbonsteel.Inthecleaningprocessof第6页共66页cleaningagentorinhibitor,ifthechoiceisnotveryappropriate,inbetweentwodifferentmetalsareparticularlyvulnerabletoproducegalvaniccorrosion,Leadtothefailureofcleaning.Therefore,thewashingtowervalve,thecleaningagentofchoicemustbecareful.Accordingtoreports,aJilinfactorytowervalveforchemicalcleaning,thecleaningagentselectiondecisionshydrochloride,hydrochloricacidtocleantheformerdidnotverifythereliability,resultinginvalveplateTatacorrosionwasseriousconsequences.Therefore,inordertoensurethatthecleaningsafety,wegenerallyuseamoregentlenature,applicabletoawiderangeofmaterialthantheorganicacidastheprimarycleaningagent,suchascitricacid,aminoacidandsoon.FifthconclusionsanddirectiontoimproveCleaningtechnologyiscurrentlylimitedtothestatusquo,Theuseoforganicacidsonthenatureofsoftvalvetowertoimposeamandatorycycleofwashingthewholecanberegardedasasafe,reliable,maturecleaningmethods.However,thismethodalsohasobviousdrawbacks,forconsumingalargenumberofchemicalcleaningagents,wastewatertreatmentcapacity,andhighercosts.Especiallyforlargevolumeorultra-hightowerofthefloatvalveiscleaned,theequipmentshouldalsobeconsideredthebaseofsupportforthecleaningliquidcapacity,thelimitationsontheevenbigger.Inordertomakethecleaningvalvetowersecure,theeconomy,weneedtodoalotofwork.Spraycleaningisaneffectivecleaningtechnology,Promotetheadvantagesandovercometheshortcomingsifwecanmakeitmoreperfect,thensprayvalvetechnologyonthetowerwillbeabletoenhancetheapplicabilityofcleaning.Cascadecycletechnologyistheexpansionoftechnology,suchastechnologycanbeusedtocascadetowercleaningvalve,thevalvetowercurrentfullcyclegreatlyreducedthecostofcleaning,thenthetowerwillbethefutureofthecleaningvalvehaveacertainsignificance.第7页共66页浮阀塔的清洗雷志宏中国蓝星化学清洗总公司，兰州摘要：本文从清洗的角度对浮阀塔进行了简单的介绍,并对几种常规的清洗方式进行了比较,用有机酸作为主清洗剂,对浮阀塔进行全充满强制循环清洗是一种安全、可靠、成熟的清洗方法。关键词：浮阀塔；全充满；有机酸；清洗一、前言塔设备是石油、化工等工业生产中广泛应塔身用的重要生产设备,它的主要功能是为气液两相提供充分接触的机会,使两相间的传质及传热作用能够有效地进行。因此,塔内设置有供气液接触的必要构件。根据气液接触构件的不同,塔的种类可分为逐级接触的板式塔和连续接触的填料塔。浮阀塔属于板式塔。二、浮阀塔的结构特点浮阀塔的塔体内部沿着塔的整个高度,装有多层相隔一定距离的浮阀塔板。浮阀塔板是五十年代开始使用的一种新型塔板,它是在板上开孔,孔的上方安置有可以上下浮动的阀片即浮阀,阀片可随上升气量的变化而自动调节开度。塔板形式一般分整块式及分块式两种。塔径为六百到七百豪米的塔,多采用整块式塔板,塔板之间用管子支承。塔径大于八百毫米的塔,采用分块式塔板,装于焊在塔体内壁的塔板固定件上。浮阀的形式很多,常见的有F1型浮阀（国外称V1型浮阀）,V4型浮阀和T型浮阀等,其中以F1型浮阀应用最为广泛。从前面的介绍中我们可以看到浮阀塔具有以下的结构特点（从清洗的角度而言）：（1）浮阀塔的几何外形规整,对称性好（2）浮阀塔内表面上逐级装有塔板,内壁不平整（3）各塔板板面上布置有许多构件,如降液管、溢流堰、受液盘、浮阀等,使塔板表面凹凸不平。三、常用的几种清洗方式对浮阀塔清洗适用性的评估对大容量的槽、罐、塔器进行清洗,我们通常采用的清洗方式有喷砂清洗、第8页共66页高压水射流清洗、喷淋清洗、泡沫清洗、胶糊清洗和全充满强制贡吞环清洗等。1.喷砂清洗即使用高速气流,混入石英砂等研磨剂,在流体内锐利地打击被清洗表面的垢层,并将剥落的垢层清除出系统。本法适用于敞开、空阔的超大容器内外表而的除垢,如用于钢板除锈、船舱除垢等。对于浮阀塔而言,其内部构件较多,操作空间狭小,不具备喷砂的施工条件。2.高压水射流清洗即用高压喷射水流粉碎垢层,使垢层脱落而露出金属表面,使用三维空间喷头可对容器内表面进行完全的射流清洗。高压水射流虽然对于大而积除锈除垢可行,但易生成二次浮锈,所以多用于不锈钢设备的清洗对于象浮阀塔这类内部构件复杂、细高形的设备,其清洗的局限性就更大。3.喷淋清洗即在清洗过程中,借助喷淋环或其他的喷洒装置将清洗液均匀地喷洒于设备顶部的内表面上,依靠清洗液的重量沿壁下流,使清洗液在各个内表面与被清洗的垢充分浸润并发生化学反应,达到溶垢去污的目的。用喷淋法对浮阀塔进行清洗,若用常规的操作方法,塔板反面甚至部分容器内壁上均易产生漏洗现象,形成清洗死角。为改善这一状况,在清洗实践中通常采用鼓气的方法来模拟浮阀塔的工作情况,以便使清洗液与被清洗表面全面充分接触,获得较为完美的清洗效果。这样对鼓气的控制便成为清洗的关键,若遇到清洗现场惰性气体气量不足或不稳,施工人员经验欠缺,都会使清洗效果受到影响留下不同程度的清洗死角,使下一步的中和、钝化难以完美地进行。喷淋清洗时,各清洗表面不是同步均匀地接触到清洗液,可能存在有的地方受清洗液的冲刷强一些、充分一些,另外的地方弱一些清洗剂的流速低一些的情况。同一种金属与同一清洗液电解质接触,因其浓度、温度、流速、溶解氧等某一条件在电解质体系中出现差异有可能导致浓差电池腐蚀。另外,由于在喷淋过程中,清洗液与被清洗表面的接触状况不同,可能使缓蚀剂在被清洗金属表面成膜不均匀或不完全,影响膜完整部分和不完整部分的金属电位,成为形成微电池腐蚀的原因。第9页共66页喷淋清洗时,由于喷洒器的流通截而由许多小孔组成,常有杂质堵塞小孔,处理不当也会影响清洗效果。虽然喷淋清洗具有清洗介质用量少,经济实用,操作简单等优点,但它对主客观条件的要求较高,潜在着一些造成不均匀腐蚀的因素。所以在采用时,一定要以慎重的态度多方权衡,精心设计,细心操作。稍有不慎,就有可能影响清洗效果。4.泡沫清洗即将发泡剂加入清洗药剂中喷散到设备内部,吹入惰性气体,使容器内充满泡沫,用以去除被清洗表面的污垢。但这种泡沫清洗法尚处于研究开发阶段,在清洗现场使用的较少。5.胶糊清洗即用清洗膏清洗,是将增稠剂加入清洗剂中,涂抹在被清洗表面,