英语人教版九年级全册The review of the infinitives.doc

动词不定式适用学科英语适用年级九年级知识点动词不定式作主语动词不定式作表语动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作定语动词不定式作结果状语动词不定式作目的状语及物动词+疑问词+不定式动词不定式省略to的情况只能接不定式的动词教学目标知识：1、掌握动词不定式作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语的用法。2、掌握动词不定式与特殊疑问词连用的用法3、掌握省略to的动词不定式的用法方法：要牢记动词不定式的句法功能，并能灵活运用。能力：1、能正确判断动词不定式在句中所作的成分。2、能通过具体语境的分析，正确地使用动词不定式。教学重点1、动词不定式在句中做主语、宾语、宾补和状语。2、常见的后接动词不定式的动词3、动词不定式与特殊疑问词连用教学难点1、动词不定式做主语、宾语（it作形式主语、宾语）的用法2、省略to的动词不定式教学过程一、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学的知识， （以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过对常见的后接不定式的动词的总结与分析导入本节课所要学习的动词不定式。二、知识讲解知识点1：动词不定式的概述1.动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，有时可以不带to，其否定形式是“not(+to)+动词原形。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。 2.动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 3.动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 知识点2：动词不定式主动式的句法功能1、动词不定式作主语【考查点】当动词不定式做主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。如：To say something is one thing; to do it is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。To help animals is helping people.帮助动物就是帮助人【考查点】当动词不定式在句子中做主语时,通常使用it作形式主语而真正主语则是不定式或不定式短语，以使句子保持平衡。如：Its so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。Its very kind of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。【易错点】Its for sb.+ to do和 Its of sb.+ to do 由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。 for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：如：Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。如：Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。2、动词不定式作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。如：My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。3、动词不定式作宾语【考查点】动词ask，agree，choose，decide，expect，force，fail，hope，learn， manage，offer， plan，prepare，promise，refuse，want，wish等要接动词不定式作宾语。如：She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow.她已经决定明天去广州。No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit.没有人能担负起买如此昂贵的服装。【易错点】在find, think后接不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语很容易。4、动词不定式作宾语补足语有的动词后接带to的动词不定式作补语；有的动词后接不带to的动词不定式。【考查点】能以带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask，allow， warn，tell，invite，force， wish，want， would like， expect， encourage， advise， order等。例如：Would you like me to help you? 你要我帮忙吗？Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不会允许我们在街上玩的。【考查点】用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有see，hear，watch，notice， feel，let，have，make等。【易错点】这类句子变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要加上。如：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。=They were made to work the whole night.5、动词不定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。如：I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。 6、动词不定式作状语【考查点】目的状语常用结构为to do , in order to ,so as to等，如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。【考查点】作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。 【考查点】动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词too或enough连用。如： Its too heavy to carry. 太重了，搬不动。知识点3：动词不定式与疑问词的连用不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：He didnt know where to go. (where to gowhere he should go) 知识点4：动词不定式省略to的情况1. 【考查点】使役动词 let, have, make，以及感官动词 see, watch, notice , hear, smell, feel,等词后面省略“to”。注意：被动语态中要加上“to”。2. 【考查点】would rather，had better等句型后。3. 【考查点】but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。如：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。4. 口语中，以Why/Why not开头的简略问句常省略“to”。如： Why do it that way? (你)为什么用那种方法做事情？5. help 后可带to，也可不带to。三、例题精析【例题1】Toms mother told him _ eating too much meat. A. stopping B. to stop C. stops D. stopped 【答案】：B【解析】：本题考查动词不定式做宾补。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事。故选B。【例题2】 Whenever you have a chance _ English, you should take it. A. speak B. to speak C. spoke D. speaks【答案】：B【解析】：本题考查动词不定式做定语。a chance to speak English 一个说英语的机会。故选B。【例题3】-I like this set of sofa so much, but I dont know _it in my small house. -Youre supposed to put it in the living room. A. where to put B. why to put C. how to put D. what to put【答案】：A【解析】：考查“疑问词不定式”在特定语境中作宾语时的用法辨析。答句句意：你应该把它放在客厅。可知上句句意应该是：，但我不知道把它放到我小房子的什么“地方”。故选A。【例题4】Try to sing some English songs, youll find it interesting _ a foreign language. A. learning B. learns C. learn D. to learn 【答案】：D【解析】：考查“finditadj.to do sth.”的用法。finditadj.to do sth.意为“发现做某事是”。故选D。 四、课堂运用【基础】1The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers _ halfway. A. stopB. to stopC. stoppingD. stopped2I11 give a talk tomorrow. Im thinking about . A. what to say B. how to say C. what can I say D. how can I say3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _. A. not to wake him up B. not wake him up C. not wake up him D. not to wake up him【巩固】4. - Mum, Im hungry. - What about going to McDonalds _ fried chicken? A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. and eat5. If everyone makes a contribution _ the environment, our country will become more beautiful. A. to protect B. in protectingC. to protecting D. for protecting6. -Shopping with me?-Sorry. I have a lot of clothes . Ato wash Bwashed Cwash Dto be washed7. Jim asked Lin Feng _ forget to change water Ato not Bdont Cnot Dnot to【拔高】8The little girl was too frightened _ a word. A. not to tell B. not to say C. to tellD. to say9. He told us that where _ a picnic was not decided yet. A. having B. to have C. have D. had10. We dont know _ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li. A. what to do B. to do what C. whether to do D. to do whether答案及解析1. A. 本题考查省略to的不定式。make sb. do sth. 表示“使某人做某事”，make表示“使、让”的意思，是使役动词，后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。2. A. 本题考查动词不定式与疑问词连用的情况。依据上句“明天我将做一个讲演”，我正考虑讲什么， 是说的内容，应选what。 C、D语序不对。故只能选A。3. B. had better 后接动词原形，排除A、D；其否定结构为：had better not do sth.同时要注意代词放在wake up的中间。4. B. 依据题意：去McDonalds吃烤鸡怎么样？用不定式表示目的，故选B。5. C. make a contribution to 表示“为作贡献”，其中to为介词，后应接名词或动名词。6. A. 作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时，就用主动式的不定式来表被动意义。故选A。7. D. 本题考查动词不定式作宾补。动词不定式的否定结构为：not to do sth.故选D。8. D. 本题考查不定式作状语表结果。 too.to.表示“如此.以致不能.，”。故应选D。9. B. 考查不定式做宾语补足语的用法。句意“他告诉我还没有决定去什么地方野炊”。选B。10. C. 考查句式“疑问词不定式”结构。what to do后不跟it；whether to do.意为“是否做”，句意为“我们不知道下一步是否做，去问一下李先生吧”。故选C。课程小结本节课主要讲解了非谓语动词中动词不定式的用法。包括动词不定式作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句法功能以及不定式与疑问词连用、不定式省略to的一些用法。其中，同学们要重点掌握不定式作主语、宾语、宾补的用法，还有常见不定式作宾语和宾语补足语的一些动词，以及动词不定式省略to的情况。近年中考对语法点的考查往往是与语境想结合，因此，同学在做题时要结合语境来分析题目，灵活地运用语法知识。课后作业【基础】1. Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time _ what you like every day. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done2. We can make a fire _the room warm so that we can chat for a while. Ato keep Bkeeping Ckeep Dkept 3. We cant work out the physics problem. Can you tell us _？Ahow to do Bwhat to do it Chow to do it Dwhat should to do 4. -Dont forget _your homework，John. - OK. Ill do right now. Adoing Bdo Cto do D. to be done【巩固】5. At last the boy was made _and began to laugh. Astop crying Bto stop to cry Cto stop crying Dstop to cry 6. If prices rise too high, the government has to do something _it. Astop Bstopped Cstopping Dto stop 7. Water Park is a good place _. Ato have fun Bhave fun Chaving fun Dto have a fun 8.While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _and lay on the ground，so we all stopped _what was wrong with him. Ato run；to see Brunning；seeing Crunning；to see 【拔高】9. We have two rooms _， but I cant decide _. Ato live; to choose which one Blived; choose which one Cto live in; which one to choose Dlive; which one 10.-How about going shopping this weekend, Peter? -Sorry. I prefer _ rather than _. A. to stay at home; go out B. to go out; stay at home C. staying at home; go out D. going out; stay at hom