外文翻译-双闭环直流调速系统的说明

英文原文DoubleLoopDCSpeedControlSystemDescription.systemanalysisandsynthesis1Analysis（1）Inthespeedandcurrentdualclosed-loopspeedcontrolsystem,inordertochangethemotorspeed,whatparametersshouldberegulating?ChangespeedregulatorKnmagnificationwork?PowerelectronicconvertertochangethemagnificationfactorKswork?Changethespeedofthefeedbackcoefficientofwork?Tochangethemotorsstallcurrentsystemshouldadjusttheparametersofwhat?A:Tochangethemotorspeed,changespeedregulatorKnmagnificationandpowerelectronicconverterswillnotworkmagnificationfactorKs,stablewhenn=Un=Un*,sotheonlychangeinthevalueofagivencoefficientofUn*andfeedbackbefore.Tochangethemotorsstallcurrent,onlyneedtochangethesamevaluegivenUim*andfeedbackcoefficient,becausethestability,Uim*=Idm,canbedrawnfromthetype(2)Speed,thecurrentdoubleclosed-loopspeedcontrolsystemwhenthesteady-stateoperation,thetworegulatorinputvoltageandoutputvoltagedeviationisthenumber?A:Thespeedandcurrentdualclosed-loopspeedcontrolsystemwhenthesteady-stateoperation,thetworegulatorsaretheinputbiasvoltageiszero,bytheformulan=Un=Un*,n=n;Uim*=Idm,Idm=Idl.(3)Inthespeedandcurrentdualclosed-loopspeedcontrolsystem,thetworegulatorsarePIregulator.Whenthesystemisrunningwithratedload,thespeedfeedbacklinesuddenlydisconnected,thesystemre-enterthesteady-state,thecurrentregulatoristheinputbiasvoltagetozero?Why?A:Whenthesystemisrunningwithratedload,thespeedfeedbacklinesuddenlydisconnected,thenUn=0,=Un*-Un=Un*,sothatUitoreachUim,0,rateofincreaseinn,whenthesystemafterre-enteringthesteady-state,thatis,Id=Idl,then,=Uim*-Idl0,arenolongerchanges,changesinrotationalspeednisnolonger,butatthistimethantherotationalspeednatthetimeofthefeedbacklinespeedtobreakbig.(4)Whyisthespeedwithintegralcontrolsystemisnotstaticpoor?A:Speedregulatorintegralsystem,toachievenon-staticerrorisduetothecharacteristicsofintegralcontrolregulator,thatis,theaccumulationofpointsandtheroleofmemory.(5)Double-loopspeedcontrolsystem(PI),loadchanges,IdlIdm,askedbicyclolspeedcontrolsystemASRandACRhow-conditioning,theresult?A:Whentheloadchanges,IdlIdm,speeddecreasedrapidly,thecurrentIdsoontoIdm,andoflimitedamplitude,rapidrateofASRsaturation,ACRhasbeenlimitingconditions,toformablockingphenomenon,long-runningwilldamagethesystem.2.SystemSpeedregulatorandcurrentregulatorintheDoubleLoopDCMotorControlSystemcanbesummarizedasfollows:(1).TheroleofspeedregulatorSpeedregulatorisaspeedcontrolsystemofthedominantregulator,whichallowsspeednwillsoonchangewithagivenvoltageUn*changesinsteady-statespeederrorcanbereduced,ifthePIregulatorcanachievethenon-staticerror.1)Theeffectofloadchangesintheroleofanti-disturbance.2)Theoutputamplitudeofthedecisionlimitthemaximumallowablemotorcurrent.(2)Theroleofcurrentregulator1)Asaregulatoroftheinnerring,outerringatthespeedoftheadjustmentprocess,itmakesthecurrentcloselyfollowedthegivenvoltageUi*(thatis,theouterringmodulatoroutput)changes.2)Fluctuationsinvoltagefromtheroleofdisturbancerejectionintime.3)Thespeedofthedynamicprocessofensuringthatthemaximumallowablemotorcurrent,therebyspeedingupthedynamicprocess.4)Whenthemotoroverloadorstallwhenthearmaturecurrentlimitofthemaximum,automaticprotectionfromtheroleofacceleration.Oncethefaultdisappears,thesystemautomaticallyreturntonormal.Yesterday,theroleofthereliableoperationisveryimportant.double-loopspeedcontrolsystemcommonfaultsanalysis1.Introductionofasystem(1).Double-loopspeedcontrolsystemcomponentsinFigure1.1Currentloop:fromthecurrentregulatorLT,triggerCF(inputtransformationfortheCSR),silicon-controlledrectifierbridge,motorarmatureandcurrentlooptransformLBcomponent.thespeedofouterring:thespeedregulatorfromST,currentloop,suchaslinkinertia,motorandloadmomentofinertiaandthespeedoftransformationcomponentsSB.inthedouble-loopspeedcontrolsystem,thespeedofthedecisionloopoftherunningcharacteristicsofthewholesystemandstability,andplayaleadingrole,andtochangethecurrentringplaystheroleoftheinternalstructureofthesystemisdependent,butsinceitisasawholetoparticipateintheclosed-loopspeedtothespeedofadirectimpactontheworkoftheclosed-loop,itmustfirstgooddebuggingcurrentloop,andthentestingthespeedofouterring,sothatthewholesystemhasgooddynamicperformance.(2).Double-loopspeedcontrolsystemofthetypicalworkingcondition1)Start(orthespeed):STinthestart-upprocesshasbeensaturated,sothatthespeedofthisloopintheequivalentopen-loopstate.Systemonlyintheconstantcurrentloopundertheregulationtoensurethemotorataconstantcurrentofthemaximumallowableunderthestart-up.Figure1double-loopspeedcontrolsystemstructure2)slowdown(orstop):STatthistimetoreachtheoutputamplitudeofthereverselimit.Maincircuitcurrentbythebridgeisreducedtozeroaftertheinverter.LTandCSRoutputwillsoonreachthemaximumreverse.CFpulseoutputtoreachmin,currentloopforopen-loop.motortorqueunderdecelerationuntilthemotorspeedclosetothegivennewvalue,currentloopandspeedlooponeafteranotherintotheclosed-loopwork,motorinthenewvalueofagivenrun.3)Gridvoltagefluctuation:Thismotorbecauseofthelargermomentofinertia,whichcausedthefirstchangeinarmaturecurrent,SToutputalsodidnotchangetheeffectofcurrentloop,LTrapidlychangingtheoutputsothatanglebeadjustedquickly,sotheimpactonthespeed.4）Smallchangesinload:intheoperation,loadchanges,willcausethemotorspeeddeviationfromthegivenvalue.speeduptherecoveryprocessandtheaforementionedspeed(ordeceleration)issimilartotheprocess.2.CommonFaultAnalysisandProcessing(1)Thenormalsupplyvoltage,thyristorrectifieroutputwaveformarrhythmiacausedbythisphenomenonisduetotriggersawtoothslopecausedinconsistency.Sawtoothslopeadjustpotentiometer,headjustmentprocesstostrikeabalancebetweenQi,thispointshouldbepaidattentiontotheactualdebugging.(2)DCMotorAnalysisofmechanicalpropertiesofsoftthyristorDCmotorsystem,whenthecurrentintermittentmechanicalpropertieswhenthefirstno-loadspeedischaracterizedbyhighideals,andthesecondischaracterizedbymechanicalpropertiesofsoft.Theso-calledmechanicalfeaturessoft,thatis,smallchangesinloadwillcausegreatchangesinspeed.oscilloscopetoobservewhenusingthebridgerectifieroutputwaveform,onemayfindthatmissingrelative.atthistimeneedtocheckwhetherthetriggerhaspulseoutput,fastwhetherthefusemelting,whetherthebreakdownorthyristorcircuit,synchronoustransformerisdamaged,whetherthelackofpower.toidentifytheproblems,canberesolved.(3)Thespeedofthespeedofinstabilitycausedbymanyfactorsofinstability:1)Electricgunsarenotfirmlyfixedorwiththehostofdifferentaxis.2)Theparametersofthespeedregulatorinappropriate.Respondtothedynamicparameterstoadjust(changetheratioofintegralparameters).3)Ofaspeedcontrolsystemthereare(orbad)4)Maybecausedasaresultofinterference.shouldbefoundtointerferewiththereasonsfortakinganti-jammingmeasures.(4)Alittletothesetratedmotorspeedishigherthanthatshouldfirstcheckwhetheritisnormalfortheexternalcontrolsystem,suchasoutsidethenormalcontrolsystem,itmaybegivenpoints,speedregulator,currentregulator,suchascausedbylinkfailure.Shouldbecutoffthemaincircuitpowersupply,onlythecontrolsystemtotheelectricity,notagiveninthecase,testingeachofthekeypoints(suchasthecurrentregulator,voltageregulator,etc.ofthepotential.andthengiventogetherwiththeformertoonebyoneaftereachofthekeypointstocheckthepotentialchanges,youcanfindoutthefaultlies.(5)Bridgerectifieroutputvoltageisnothighstressed1)thespeedregulatorandcurrentregulatorlimitertoosmall,shouldbeliberalizedinaccordancewithappropriateamplitudethreshold.2)thanthespeedfeedbacksignal,inthattheycanreducetherateofappropriatefeedbacksignals.(6)Tothetimingsystemstillintheabsenceoflow-speedoperation(thatis,thephenomenonofemergenceofreptiles)Thisisbecausethesystemofzerodriftcausedby.Whentheinputsignaliszero,theoutputvoltagebytheinputamplificationstageoftheoffsetpotentiometerdecisionscanbeoffsetbyadjustingthepotentialallows=90,atthistimetozerooutputvoltagerectificationsystem,theelectricalwillnotcrawl.(7)WithagivensystemcannotrunShouldfirstcheckwhetheritisnormalfortheexternalcontrolsystem,suchasoutsidethenormalcontrolsystem,itmaybegivenpoints,speedregulator,currentregulator,suchascausedbylinkfailure.Shallbecutoffmaincircuitpowersupply,onlythecontrolsystemtotheelectricity,notAddthegivencircumstances,thekeypointsofeachtest(suchasthecurrentregulator,voltageregulator,etc.)ofthepotential.andthencombinedwithagiven,afterthepreviousonebyonetoeachofthekeypointstocheckthepotentialchanges,thatis,wheretofindfault.(8)Lackofcontrolaccuracyinthedistributorforagivenrun-timeexternalcontroloftenrequiresprecisionsufficientparkinginordertoworkproperly.Ifpoorprecisionparking,youcanadjustthespeedoftheappropriateregulatorofthePIlink,generallybyreducingthetheratiooftheintegralpartofeffortstogetsatisfactoryresults.(9)Reversiblesystemoscillation1)open-loopsysteminthestate(themaincircuitdisconnect)theoscillationcanbechangedatthistimegiventhepreviousinspectiontothekeypointsofthepotentialchanges.Ifagivenunchanged,butthepotentialisstillapointofchange,hereisthecruxof.2)systeminthestatewhentheclosed-looposcillation,inwhichcaseinordertoensurethesafetyoftheelectricalloadshouldbereplacedbythegeneralresistanceoftheload,ifthereisnosuitableresistanceboxwhichcanbeusedinplaceofthetwoelectricsub-series.inspectionmethodsandsimilaropen-loop,focusingonthelinktocheckis:givenpoints,leveldetection,operationcontrol,suchasthespeedregulator.oscillationsareoftencausedasaresultofoperationalamplifiers,suchasdamagetoelectroniccomponents,systemparameterscausedbyimproper,accordingtothespecificcircumstances,properlyaddressed.中文译文双闭环直流调速系统的说明一、系统分析与综合1.系统分析（1）在转速、电流双闭环调速系统中，若要改变电动机的转速，应调节什么参数？改变转速调节器的放大倍数Kn行不行？改变电力电子变换器的放大系数Ks行不行？改变转速反馈系数行不行？若要改变电动机的堵转电流，应调节系统中的什么参数？答：若要改变电动机的转速，改变转速调节器的放大倍数Kn和电力电子变换器的放大系数Ks都不行，稳定时n=Un=Un*,所以只有改变给定值Un*和反馈系数才行。若要改变电动机的堵转电流，同样只须改变给定值Uim*和反馈系数，因为，稳定时，Uim*=Idm,从式中可得出。（2）转速、电流双闭环调速系统稳态运行时，两个调节器的输入偏差电压和输出电压各是多少？答：转速、电流双闭环调速系统稳态运行时，两个调节器的输入偏差电压均是零，由式子n=Un=Un*，n=n;Uim*=Idm,Idm=Idl。0（3）在转速、电流双闭环调速系统中，两个调节器均采用PI调节器。当系统带额定负载运行时，转速反馈线突然断线，系统重新进入稳态后，电流调节器的输入偏差电压是否为零？为什么？Ui答：当系统带额定负载运行时，转速反馈线突然断线，则Un=0，=Un*-UnUn=Un*,使Ui迅速达到Uim，0，速度n上升，当系统重新进入稳态i后，即Id=Idl，那么，=Uim*-Idl0，也不再变化，转速n也不再iUi变化，但，此时的转速n比反馈线断线时的转速要大。（4）为什么用积分控制的调速系统是无静差的？答：在积分调节器的调速系统中，能实现无静差，是由于积分调节器控制特点，即积分的记忆和积累作用。（5）双环调速系统（PI），负载变化，IdlIdm,问双环调速系统ACR和ASR怎么调节，结果如何？答：当负载变化时，IdlIdm,转速迅速下降，电流Id很快增加到Idm，而达限幅值，速度ASR迅速饱和，ACR一直在限流状态下，形成堵转现象，长时间运行会损坏系统。2.系统综合转速调节器和电流调节器在双闭环直流调速系统中的作用可归纳如下：（1）.转速调节器的作用转速调节器是调速系统的主导调节器，它使转速n很快随给定电压变化Un*变化，稳态时可减小转速误差，如果采用PI调节器，则可实现无静差。1)对负载变化起抗扰作用。2)其输出限幅值决定电动机允许的最大电流。（2）电流调节器的作用1）作为内环的调节器，在转速外环的调节过程中，它的作用使电流紧紧跟随其给定电压Ui*（即外环调节器的输出量）变化。2）对电网电压的波动起及时抗扰的作用。3）在转速动态过程中，保证获得电动机允许的最大电流，从而加快动态过程。4）当电动机过载甚至堵转时，限制电枢电流的最大值，起加速的自动保护作用。一旦故障消失，系统立即自动恢复正常。这个作用对昨天的可靠运行来说是十分重要的。二、双闭环调速系统常见故障分析1系统工作原理简介（1）.双闭环调速系统的构成如图1.1电流内环:由电流调节器、触发器(其输入变换为)、可控硅整流桥、电动机电枢回路及电流变换组成.速度外环:由速度调节器、电流环等惯性环节、电动机及负载的转动惯量及速度变换组成.在双闭环调速系统中,速度外环决定整个系统的运行特征及稳定工作状态,起主导作用,而电流内环起着改变系统内部结构的作用,是从属的,但由于它将作为一个整体参与到速度闭环中去,直接影响速度闭环的工作,因此必须要先调试好电流内环,再调试速度外环,这样才能使整个系统有较好的动态性能。（2）.双闭环调速系统的典型工作状态1）起动(或升速):在起动过程中一直是饱和,这样相当于使速度环处于开环状态.系统只在电流环的恒值调节作用之下,保证电动机在恒定的最大允许电流下起动。图1.1双闭环调速系统结构图2）减速(或停车):此时的输出迅速达到反向限幅值.主回路电流经本桥逆变后很降到零.和输出很快达到反向最大值.输出脉冲迅速达到,电流环也为开环.电动机在阻力矩作用下减速,直到电动机转速降至接近新的给定值,电流环和速度环相继投入闭环工作,电机在新的给定值下运行.3)电网电压波动:此时由于电动机的转动惯量较大,因而最先引起电枢电流的变化,的输出还没有变化,在电流环的作用下,的输出迅速变化,使角迅速得到调整,因此对转速影响很小.4)负载变化:在运行中,负载发生变化时,会造成电动机转速偏离给定值.转速的恢复过程与前述升速(或减速)的过程相似。2.常见故障的分析与处理（1）电源电压正常,可控硅整流桥