网上音像管理系统的设计与实现-外文翻译

英文原文AbstractWeb2.0makesusersthemainactorsforpublishingcontentandcreatingapplicationsontheweb.Theincreasingofinformationoverloadandconsequentlythedecreaseofitsqualityarethemainproblemsofthisdomain.ContentManagementSystems(CMS)providetheabilitytopublishonthewebbyofferingsimplepublishingtoolsforordinaryuserswithnotechnicalskills.ContentavailableonthewebcreatedusingtheCMSisnotwellcontrolledandrequiresefficientprocessthatevaluatesitsquality.Therefore,ContentManagementSystemscontributetotheproblemrelatedtoinformationandcontentqualitysimilarlytoWeb2.0tools.Themechanismofvalidatingcontenthasprovedahigh-levelofcontentsqualitycontrolbyinvolvingusersintheprocessaccordingtoWeb2.0philosophy.Fromtheseperspectives,wedevelopValidatedContentManagementSystem(VCMS)asanewWeb2.0toolthatsupportscontentvalidationmechanisms.ThisarticlepresentstheVCMSanditsabilitytoprovideaneffectivequalitycontrolforwebcontent.Weintroduceanewmannerofcollaborativepublishingandwegiveanoverviewaboutfeaturesofoursystemanditscorearchitecture.1IntroductionThemainactorsofweb2.0areinternetusers.Thesewayusersbecomeco-creatorsofnewonlineapplications,ofteninitiatingcollectivelyorincommunityanewformofdigitalrelations.TheconceptofWeb2.0introducedbyTimOReillyin2004wasfinallysummarizedinOctober2005undersevenkeyprinciples:WebasaPlatform.HarnessingCollectiveIntelligence.DataasthenextIntelInside.Endofsoftwarereleasecycle:the“perpetualbeta”.LightweightProgrammingModels.SoftwareabovetheLevelofaSingleDevice.Richuserexperience.Theuserwouldthenbecomeatthesametimeconsumerandactorthatproduce,publish,distribute,indexandsharecontentofalltypes.ThefollowingfigureshowsacomparisonbetweentheclassicalWeb(Web1.0)andthesecondgenerationoftheWeb(Web2.0)accordingtoseveralviewingangles.Web2.0isnotanevolutionofconceptortechnologicaldimensions,itsapplicationsarebasedonexistingtechnologies.WhileWeb2.0hascreatedanevolutioninphilosophyofthewebbymakingeasypublishing,wehavemanylimitationsresulting.Somelimitationsrefertousers:Alimitednumberofparticipants.Lowturnout.Heterogeneousparticipants.Motivationofparticipants.Somelimitationsrefertoproducedinformation:Lowqualityofinformation.Expandingtheamountofinformation.Lackofsecurityandcopyright.Lackofsemantics.ContentmanagementSystemshaveanimportantroleinexpandingpublishingamountwhereimprovingitinaddingnewmodulesforcontentevaluationbecomeanecessity.InordertoovercometheselimitationsweproposeinthispaperthearchitectureofanewWeb2.0toolasaContentManagementSystem,enablingwebcontentsclassificationandusersmanagementbasedonphilosophyofcontentvalidation.Therestofthispaperisorganizedasfollows:InSection2wegivefeaturesofWebContentManagementSystemsanditsarchitecture.InSection3,weintroducecontentvalidationtheory.Section4isdevelopingtheCMStowardavalidatedsystembasedonuserscontributionandmaintainingsocialrelationshipsincollaboratingtofinallypublishhighqualitycontent.InSection5,weconcludeandpresentfutureprospectsofthiswork.2WebContentManagementSystemsWebContentManagementSystemsallowuserswithlittleornowebdesignorprogrammingexperiencetocreateandupdatecontentontheWeb.SomeofthesesystemsprovideaWhatYouSeeIsWhatYouGet(WYSIWYG)editorforthecontent.Theyofferalevelofsecurityforgrantingaccesstoupdateordeletecontent.ContentManagementSystemsmayoffertousersaworkflowtomanageentry,approval,andpublishingstepssothatausercanenternewcontent.However,anotherserviceisrequiredtoapproveandpublishthatcontentusinganotherlevelofsecurity.Contentoftenhasadateofpublication,sometimeswithanexpirationdate,andcanbereusableonotherpagesofthesite.ContentManagementSystemsarewidelyusedtocreatecontentontheWeb.ManyofthesesystemsofferpossibilitytopublishcontentclassifiedasWeb2.0content.2.1CMSFeaturesWecanlookataCMSasapublishingtoolthatallowsuserstocreate,edit,delete,andpresentcontentinvariousformsincludingtext,imagery,video,sound,andanimation.ButtheresmuchmoretoaCMSthanthis.AbetterwaytocomeupwithadefinitionofCMStechnologyisbypointingtoasetoffeaturesthatareassociatedwithCMStechnology:Allowuserstoeasilysearchforinformationusingwell-definedcategories.Presentcontenttousersquickly.Offerusersthechoiceofdifferentpresentationviews.Offerusersthechoiceofdifferentcontentviews.AllowadministratorsoftheCMStomonitorandmanagecontentandusers.Allowauthorstomanipulatecontent.Providefacilitiesthatallowuserstocommunicatewithothersinaforumformat.Provideanopenarchitecturetosupportpluggablecomponents.Allowforfutureexpansionofmetadata.2.2CMSArchitectureThecurrentContentManagementSystemshavemanydifferentframeworks,manydifferenttypesofdatastorage,manydifferentplatforms,andmanydifferentlanguagesavailabletomeettheneedsforbuildingasturdyCMS.ByallowingaCMStopiggybackwithWebservertechnology,presentationanddeliveryofcontentissimplifiedbecausefileformatsalreadyexistandmiddle-waretechnologyisalreadyinplacethatallowsforthemanipulationandintegrationanddynamicdeliveryofcontenttotheenduser.Furthermore,becausemiddle-wareisalreadyinplace,accessingothertypesofservertechnology(suchasdatabases)issimplified,incomparisontohavingtowritesupportingsoftwaretotiedifferentserversandservertypestogether.ThearchitectureofaCMSisprincipallybasedontiers,whereatierisadistinctandindependentcomponentthatoffersaspecificservicewithinagreatersystemofrunningsoftware.Tiersusuallyrunonseparatecomputersandcommunicatewitheachotherusingvariousprotocols.3ContentValidationProductionofcontentontheWebwasnotsubjecttoanycontrolofqualityandrelevance.TheapproachproposedbyourteamintroducedavalidationmodelthatsupportsmonitoringthequalityofcontentalongitslifeontheWeb.Itfocusesonprioritizinginformationandusersboth:Information:contentisclassifiedintocategoriesthatrepresentarangeofquality,thisorganizationfacilitatestheclassificationofcontentaccordingtorelevanceofinformation.Internetusers:usersareclassifiedintogroupswithcertainprivilegesandresponsibilities.Wehave:producers(producingcontent),validators(contentvalidationandapproving)andexperts(supervisionofvalidation).Producedcontentpassesthroughtwoprocesses:Staticvalidation:conductedbythevalidationcommittee(expertsandvalidators).Thisoperationistoevaluatethequalityofcontentbytwovalidatorsandoneexpert.Ifthequalityisnotsatisfactory,contentwillberejected.Otherwise,itwillbepublishedwithaninitialquality.Dynamicvalidation:Thispartisperformedbyusersthemselves.Everyuserhastherighttoevaluatethecontentwithanotethatreflectsitsquality.Thelifetimeofthelatteriscontrolledbyhisnotewhichvariesdynamically.4ValidatedContentManagementSystemWehaveseenthatCMSprovidetheabilitytopublishontheWebwhilemakingeasypublishingwithnoneedtohaveexperienceindevelopingwebpages.ContentavailableonthewebcreatedusingtheCMSisnotwellcontrolledandlacksofefficientprocessthatevaluatesitsquality.Themechanismforvalidatingcontentrevealedahigh-levelofqualitycontrolforcontentwhileputtingusersasmainactorsaccordingtoWeb2.0concepts.InthispartweexplainhowwedeveloptheCMStowardavalidatedsystembasedonuserscontributionandmaintainingsocialrelationshipsincollaboratingtofinallypublishhighqualitycontent.4.1FromCMSintoVCMSVCMSissimplyaCMSthatsupportsthestructureofContentValidationandbringingmorefeatures.Wewillnotbuildanewsystem,butmakingimprovementstothearchitectureofCMSbasedonthefollowingconcepts:4.1.1QualityControlTheworkflowofCMShasanautomatedmechanism.Theauthorselectsatemplateandasequenceofapproverstoapprovehiscontentthentheautomaticworkflowdoestherestofthework.Itensuresthatthecontentdoesnotgetpublishedtothewebsiteuntilandunlessthesequenceofeditorsandapproversapproveitviatheautomatedworkflow.IntheVCMScontentcanbepublishedonlyafterpassingthroughtheprocessofstaticvalidationandwillbecontrolledalongitslifebydynamicvalidationaccordingtothefollowingdiagram:AcentralizeddatabaseofVCMSsuserswheretheselastareclassifiedbyrole(expert,validator,producer,andvisitor)anddomainsofexperienceallowsforbetterevaluationofthecontent.Anycontentthatpassesthroughthestaticvalidationisconsideredaprojectforallconcernedusers.Accessrightstothisprojectvaryaccordingtoitsstateandtheroleofeachuser.ThefollowingtableexplainsthedifferentstatesofaprojectcreatedbytheVCMSwellastherightsofeachuserbasedonprojectstatus:Theproducerofthecontentcannotmodifyhiscontentafteritsvalidation,hemustrequestonceagainfortheupdate.Thesameusersthatwereselectedforvalidationhavetocontrolthisupdate.4.1.2RealTimeCollaborationContentvalidationprocessrequirescollaborativeworkbetweentheproducerandthevalidatorwhenthecontentisbeingstaticvalidated.Thevalidatorcancorrect,makechangesandhelpimprovethequalityofcontentatitsvalidation.Contentisnotalwaysbuiltbyasingleuser,theprojectcreatedbytheVCMSmaybejointamongseveralproducerswhomustworkonthesameproject.Oursystemallowsanotherworkflowtoproducersinadditiontovalidationsworkflow.Amajorproducercanshareworkingonhisprojectwithotherusers.Theimplementationofthisreal-timecollaborationcanfacilitatecollaborativeworkandalsotheproductivityofthissystemkeepingmechanismsenablingqualitycontrol.4.1.3SocialAspectandCredibilityContentvalidationinVCMSisbasedmainlyoninternetsurfersimplication.Thevalidatedcontentapproachdividesusersintocategorieswithcertaindutiesandprivileges.Inordertohaveanideaaboutinternetusersskillsordomainofexpertiseweneedtoensureauniqueandcredibleidentityovertheweb.Thecredibilityandtheidentityofusersisamajorconcernfortheweb,andparticularlyforcontentproductionandauthorshipontheweb2.0.Fromthisperspectiverisesthenecessitytoadapttheconceptofauthororuserscredibilitytoweb2.0environmentandparticularlyinourVCMS.Thenewcredibilitycanbefoundedonfourprinciples:Biometricsusage,User-centricsystem,theuniquenessofonlineidentityanditsinteroperability.AccordingtotheNielsenCompany,usersspendmorethanfiveandhalfhoursonsocialnetworkingsites.Fromthisperspective,socialandprofessionalnetworks,forumandgroupsaretheexcellentplacetogatherinformationabouttheuserdomainofexpertiseandinterests(Fig.6).Theestablishmentofanobligatoryprofilewhichcontainsinformationaboutusersfromthesedifferentresourcesallowsavoidingtheiranonymityandrelationsreinforcingbetweenusers.Thisinformationwillbeusedlatertomakethedecisionintheassignmentofvalidatorstocertaincontentbasedontheirdomainofexpertise.4.2VCMSArchitectureInthispartwepresentthedesignofVCMSdetailingthedifferentunitsandprocesses.4.2.1UserInterfaceThisinterfacemustpresenttouserasetoftoolsonthebrowserinHTMLformatallowinghimtohandlethesystemaccordingtohisrights.Functionalitiesoftheinterfacepresentedonthebrowserdifferfromoneusertoanother.AnauthenticationprocedureindicatestheroleofuserinthehierarchyoftheVCMSWorkflowanddeterminesitsrightsinallrelatedprojects.Authenticationcanbedoneintwowaysbyfingerprintorbyusualmethod.Thefollowingfigureshowsthearchitectureofthisinterfacebasedonthreemainkindsoftools:a.PublishingToolsAllowstheusertomanagecontent(create,modify,update.)andfacilitatetheintegrationofanytypeofcontent(text,image,video.).TheVCMSuserdoesntmanageonlythecontent,forexampleavalidatorcanhavebothworkforpublicationandmaybeotherstovalidate.Publishingtoolsmustbeabletomanageallthisworkbypresentingthemasaprojects;eachprojectisindependentoftheother.PresentthepredefinedtemplateintheVCMS,allowaddingnewtemplatesandfacilitatethemanagementofcontentpresentation.b.CommunicationToolsAllowstomanagesending,messaging,archiving,andmustalsosubmitthepriorityofcertainadministrativemessages.UsersareidentifiedbytheIDusedintheirprofile.Allowsinstantcommunicationandmanipulationofconversationsinreal-time.Communicationsmayalsobeinvoiceorvideoextension.Thistoolshouldpresentthelistofcontactsandallowitsmanagementtouser.c.UseraccountmanagerAllowspresentingallinformationabouttheuserhimselfandotherusersdependingofadvancedsecurityoptions.Accessrightstousersinformationchangethepresentationaccordingtotheroleofconsultantuser.Allowstheextractionofdifferentinformationaboutusersfromtheirprofilesinsocialnetworksinaccordancewiththesecuritymeasuresoftheselasts.ItcanalsopresentsomeoftheirinformationfromthesenetworksontheprofilesofusersintheVCMS.4.2.2SystemArchitectureInthispartwedevelopthesetofprocessesthatwillmanageourVCMS.WewilldividethislayertoasetofcomponentsorprocessingunitssuchthatsomecomponentsareconventionalandexistsinthemajorityofContentManagementSystems(datamodelloader,lookandfeelmanager,contentqueryprocess),andothersarespecifictoourVCMS(validationprocess,Useraccountmanager,messagingmanager).a.DatamodelloaderHavetoloadalltypesofdataintotablesindatabase.Itshouldreadthesourcedatafiles,convertthemtodifferentformatsandfinallyinsertthedataconvertedintothedatabase.b.LookandfeelmanagerHavetomanagealltheprocessesavailableonthedesigninterface,allowsthemtocustomizewithoutusingthestylecodeandautomaticallygenerateit.Theprocessesofthisunitareavailabletopublisherofcontentatitsinceptionorupdate,thevalidatorcanhandlethisunitjustduringvalidation.Thechangeinpagesstyleshouldapplytoallcontentpublishedimmediatelywhenchangingthetemplate.ThistechniqueusestheXSLTtransformationdefinedintheXMLstandard.VCMSrequirescollaborativeworkbetweenusersespeciallybetweenproducersandvalidators.Theidealmannerforcollaborationisthatbothuserscontributeinthesameproject.Thelook-and-feelmanagershouldmanagethisnewconceptandbringmorerapiditytopresentchangesmadebyausertotheothercollaborators.Implementationofreal-timecollaborationistosupportmodificationsmadebyusersonthedisplayinterfacesforallusers.Sourcecodeisalwaysthebasisofcreatedcontent.ChangingthesourcecodegeneratedautomaticallybytheVCMScausesthechangeinpresentationforallusers.c.ContentQueryProcessHavetorespondtoallqueriesfromallusersinthecontentpublished.Thisunithastoqueryprocessingduetothegivensetofoptionsinthecustomizationofresearches.VCMSshouldofferthepossibilitytofindtheappropriatecontentintime.SearchoptionsaredisplayeddependingonthetypeofcontentpublishedusingtheVCMS.Thisunitshoulddisplayallpossiblesearchresultsandaccordingtoseveralpresentations.中文原文抽象-Web2.0使得用户发布内容，并在网络上创建应用程序的主要执行者。信息过载的增加，因此其质量的下降是这个领域的主要问题。内容管理系统（CMS）提供通过提供简单的发布工具，对于普通用户来说，没有技术技能，以在网络上发布的能力。使用CMS建立在网络上可用的内容没有得到很好的控制，需要高效的流程，评估其质量。因此，内容管理系统有助于相关的信息和内容质量类似于Web2.0工具的问题。的验证内容的机制，根据Web2.0的理念证明的含量的质量控制的高级别由涉及用户的过程中。从这些角度，我们开发验证的内容管理系统（VCMS）作为一种新的Web2.0工具，支持内容的验证机制。本文介绍了VCMS及其对Web内容提供了有效的质量控制能力。我们引进合作出版的新方式，我们提供有关我们的系统，其核心架构的功能的概述。1引言Web2.0的主要演员都是互联网用户。这些方式的用户成为共同创造者的新的在线应用中，往往引发集体或社区数字关系的新形式。Web2.0的由蒂姆奥赖利在2004年推出的概念终于总结在2005年10月下七个关键原则：Web作为平台。利用集体智慧。数据作为下一个IntelInside的。端软件发布周期：在“永久测试”。轻量型编程模型。软件超越单一设备的水平。丰富的用户体验。然后，用户将成为同时消费者和演员的制作，发布，分发，所有类型的索引和分享内容。下图显示了根据几个视角的经典网页（Web1.0的）和第二代网络（Web2.0的）之间的比较。Web2.0是不是概念或技术方面的进化，它的应用程序是基于现有的技术。尽管Web2.0已经被制作容易的出版创造了一个演化网络的理念，我们有导致许多限制。有些限制是指用户：参与者的数量有限。低投票率。异质参与者。参与者动机。一些限制是指提供给信息：信息的低质量。扩展信息量。缺乏安全性和版权。缺乏语义。内容管理系统已在扩大发行量，其中提高它在加入成为一种必然的内容评价新模块的重要作用。为了克服这些局限性，我们提出本文的一个新的Web2.0工具的架构作为一个内容管理系统，可实现网页内容的分类和用户的管理基础上的内容验证的理念。本文的其余部分安排如下：在第2节我们给Web内容管理系统及其架构的特征。在第3节中，我们介绍内容验证理论。第4节正在开发的CMS对基于用户的贡献验证系统和维护社会关系的合作，终于发布高品质的内容。在第5节，我们总结并提出这项工作的未来前景。2Web内容管理系统Web内容管理系统允许用户很少或根本没有网页设计或编程经验，在Web上创建和更新内容。其中一些系统提供了你所看到的就是你得到的（WYSIWYG）编辑器的内容。他们提供的安全级别授予访问权限要更新或删除的内容。内容管理系统可以提供给用户的工作流程来管理项目，批准和发布步骤，使用户可以输入新的内容。然而，另一项服务是必需的批准和发布使用安全级别的内容。内容通常具有出版日期的，有时与到期日期，并可以是可重复使用在其他页上的部位。内容管理系统被广泛地用于创建Web上的内容。许多这些系统提供了可能性，以发布分类为Web2.0内容的内容。2.1CMS的特点我们可以看一个CMS作为发布工具，允许用户创建，编辑，删除和各种形式包括文本，图像，视频，声音和动画呈现内容。但还有更多到CMS莫过于此。一个更好的方法来与CMS技术的定义是指向一组与CMS的技术相关功能：允许用户方便地搜索使用明确定义的类别的信息。目前的内容给用户迅速。为用户提供不同的演示文稿视图的选择。为用户提供不同的内容视图的选择。允许CMS的管理员监控和管理内容和用户。允许作者来操作的内容。提供设施，使用户可以在一个论坛形式与他人沟通。提供一个开放的架构，支持可插拔的组件。允许对元数据的未来扩展。2.2CMS的体系结构目前的内容管理系统有许多不同的框架，许多不同类型的数据存储，许多不同的平台，并且可满足构建一个坚固的CMS需要许多不同的语言。通过允许一个CMS捎带与Web服务器技术，演示和交付的内容很简单，因为文件格式已经存在，中间件技术已经到位，允许的操作和集成和动态内容交付给最终用户。此外，由于中间件已经到位，访问其他类型的服务器技术（如数据库）的简化，在比较不必编写配套的软件，以配合不同的服务器和服务器类型一起。CMS的体系结构，主要根据叠层，其中一个层是不同的和独立的组件，它提供了运行的软件的一个更大的系统中的特定的服务。层，通常运行在不同的计算机上，并相互使用各种协议进行通信。3内容验证制作网页上的内容并不受质量和相关的任何控制。提出我们的团队的方法介绍，支持监测沿其生活内容在网络上的质量验证模型。它侧重于信息的优先级和用户两个：信息：内容分类成代表一个范围的质量类别，该组织根据信息的相关性有利于内容的分类。互联网用户：用户分为团体与某些特权和责任。我们有：生产企业（生产量），验证（内容验证和批准）和专家（监督验证）。制作的内容经过两个过程：静态验证：通过验证委员会（专家和验证）进行。此操作是评价内容通过两个验证器和一个专家的质量。如果质量不理想，内容将被拒绝。否则，它会用初始质量发表。动态验证：这部分是由用户自己完成。每个用户都有评估，旁边还反映了其质量的内容的权利。后者的寿命是由他的纸条，上面是动态变化的控制。4验证的内容管理系统我们已经看到，CMS提供在Web上而制作容易出版，无需在开发网页的经验，发布的能力。使用CMS建立在网络上可用的内容没有得到很好的控制，缺乏有效的过程，评估其质量。该机制用于验证内容显示质量控制的一个高层次的内容，同时把用户作为主要参与者根据Web2.0概念。在这一部分，我们解释我们如何开发CMS对基于用户的贡献验证系统和维护社会关系的合作，终于发布高品质的内容。4.1从CMS到VCMSVCMSVCMS很简单，就是支持的内容验证结构和造就更多的功能一个CMS。我们不会建立一个新的系统，但作出改善的CMS基于以下概念的架构：4.1.1质量控制CMS的工作流程有一个自动机制。笔者选择了一个模板和审批的顺序，以批准他的内容，然后自动的工作流做的工作的其余部分。它确保内容不会被公布到网站直至及除非通过自动化的工作流编辑器和审批的序列同意。在VCMS内容只能通过静态验证过程后，可以发布，并根据下图沿其寿命动态验证将被控制：VCMS的用户而这些最后进行分类，作用（专家验证的集中式数据库，生产商和访客）和体验领域可以更好地评价内容。穿过静态验证任何内容被认为是所有用户关注的一个项目。访问权限，该项目根据其状态和各个用户的角色而变化。下表说明了VCMS以及基于项目状态每个用户的权限创建一个项目的不同的状态：内容的生产者不能修改其验证后，他的内容，他必须再次请求进行更新。被选作验证，同样的用户必须控制此更新。4.1.2实时协作内容验证过程需要生产者和当内容已经被静态验证的验证器之间的协同工作。验证程序可以纠