外文翻译原文-基于Web服务器的AVR处理器的空气温度和相对湿度的远程监控系统的设计与开发

AbstractInthispaperimproveddesignofpreviouslydevelopedsystemfortemperatureandrelativehumiditymeasurementanddataacquisitionisdescribed.HardwareofthesystemisextendedwithArduinoUnoandEthernetShieldboards.SHT11sensorisusedforobtaininginformationaboutairtemperatureandrelativehumidity.StoringtheresultsisonthemicroSDcardinCSVfile.MainsoftwareimprovementisaddingofembeddedWebserverwhichenablesimmediateaccesstosensorreadingsthroughInternet.Thedesignedsystemistestedunderdifferentconditionsandinallteststhesystemworkedstableandaccurately.Keywordsdataacquisition,microcontroller,relativehumidity,temperature,sensors,web-server.I.INTRODUCTIONTheweatherorclimateplaysanimportantroleinhumanlife.Thethermalcomfortofhumanbeingisknowntobeinfluencedmostlybyairtemperature,humidity,radiation,activitylevel,airflowandclothingthermalresistance1.Indoorairqualityisaconcernforenergyandenvironmentalresearchersaswellasconsumers.Humansspendupto90percentoftimeindoorsinwinter,soitisveryusefultoknowthatthingslikecarpetingandfurniturecanimprovequalityofindoorenvironment.Recentlymanyhomeownershaveaddedvaporbarriers,insulation,weatherstrippingandcaulktotheirhomestoeffectivelyretaindesiredairtemperatureandreduceoutdoorairinfiltration2.Indoortemperatureconditionsandmoistureweremeasuredandanalyzedformorethan40homesindifferentclimateregionsoftheUnitedStates3.Monitoringofenvironmentalparametersisveryimportantinvariousapplicationsandindustrialprocesses.Researchersallovertheworldaretryingtomonitortheenvironmentalparametersoftemperature,humidityandpollutantgasesmorepreciselyinrealtime.Forexample,in4systemsformonitoringtemperature,humidity,andairflowindatacentersarepresented.Variousdesignandapplicationofdataloggersforsimilarpurposescanbefoundinliterature5-12.ThisworkwasfinanciallysupportedbyEuropeanCommissionintheframeworkoftheFP7projectSENSEIVER,grantnumber289481.In13authorsdescribedimpactofrelativehumidityandtemperatureonbooksstoredinlibrary.Theypresentedthewirelesssystemwhichcanremotelymeasureandcontrolrelativehumidityandtemperatureoflibraryinrealtime.Ingreenhouses,maintainingahigherinternalascomparedwithexternaltemperaturecanproducebettergrowingconditions.Acomputer-basedsystemwhichprovidescontrol,coordinationandvisualizationofhumidityandtemperatureinagreenhousewaspresentedin14.In15theresultsofexperimentsinexposurechambertodeterminetheeffectsofdifferentambientairtemperatureandrelativelyhumidityontheperformancesofpassivediffusivesamplersformeasuringnitrogendioxide(NO2)intheoutdoorenvironmentarepresented.Monitoringandcontroloftemperatureandrelativehumidityisalsoveryimportantforstoringandtransportationofmedicinalproducts16.Basedonapplicationsofdescribedsystemsitisobviouslythatdevelopmentofreliablerelativehumidityandtemperaturemeasurementsystemwithdataacquisitionisveryimportantandhaswiderangeofapplicationinindustrialandnonindustrialapplications.Varioustemperatureandrelativehumiditydataloggersareavailableonthemarketwithmaincharacteristics:smalldimensionsandpowerconsumption,widemeasurementranges,adjustablesamplingtimebetweenreadings,theabilitytoholdreadingsanddisplaymaximumandminimumreadings,storingresultsonremovabledisks,Windowssoftware(optional),etc.Fromthebeginningmonitoringsystemshaverequestforremoteaccesstomeasuredvalues.Inlastdecade,themostcommonwayofremoteaccessbecamemicrocontrollerwhichrunsaembeddedwebserveranduserhasaccesstosensorreadingsthroughInternet.Morecanbefoundin17-24.Somesolutionsas25arecommercialproductswithamuchhigherpricethansystemproposedinthispaper.MainaimofthisworkisembeddingaPCbasedwebserverintothemicrocontrollerwithtemperatureandrelativehumiditymeasurementinlow-costbutreliablesystem.Systempresentsredesignofsystemreportedearlier26.Allgoodfeaturesofpreviouslydevelopedsystemareimplementedwithoptimizationregardingdimensionsandpowerconsumption.DesignandDevelopmentofAirTemperatureandRelativeHumidityMonitoringSystemWithAVRProcessorBasedWebServerMitarSimiNORTHPointLtd,MemberoftheNORTHGroupTrgCaraJovanaNenada15/8,24000SuboticaRepublicofS0382014InternationalConferenceandExpositiononElectricalandPowerEngineering(EPE2014),16-18October,Iasi,Romania978-1-4799-5849-8/14/$31.002014IEEEII.EMBEDDEDWEBSERVERAtthebeginning,generalwebserversweredevelopedforgeneral-purposecomputers.Theytypicallyrequireafastprocessor,hugeamountofmemoryandotherresources.Microcontrollerbasedcontrolsystemsalsohavearequestforremoteaccesstothedevicefromawebbrowserbutlimitationsofavailableresourcesinthatkindofsystems,broughttothedevelopmentofspecialtypeofwebserver,calledanEmbeddedWebServer27.AnembeddedwebserverisamicrocontrollerthatcontainsanInternetsoftwaresuiteaswellasapplicationcodeformonitoringandcontrollingsystems.Embeddedwebserversareintegralpartofanembeddednetworkandpaveswayforfastertimetomarketproducts27.Figure1.showstypicalembeddedwebserverarchitecture27.Figure1.EmbeddedWebServerArchitectureIII.DEVICESTRUCTUREProposedstructureofdeviceformeasurementanddataacquisitionoftemperatureandrelativehumiditywithbuilt-inwebserverispresentedinFigure2.Systemconsistsofthreeboards:Controlboard,ArduinoUnoandArduinoEthernetShieldboard,andmeasuringdevice-sensorSHT11.Thehardwareofcontrolboardhasbeenbuiltaroundamicrocontroller(AVRATmega12828)thatinterfaceswithuserviaadisplayandakeyboard.Themicrocontrollerisusedwithasupplyvoltageof5Vandanexternalquartzcrystalof16MHz.OtherpartsofcontrolboardaremicroSDcard,realtimeclockDS130729andLCD.AlphanumericLCDisusedfordisplayingresultsandconfigurationonthefield.RealtimeclockDS1307withbackupbatteryisusedtoprovidetimemeasuring.TimeanddatevaluesareusedforpresentationondisplayandforadditionalinformationforeveryresultinreportonmicroSDcard.Thesevaluesarealsosenttowebpagewithresultsofmeasurement.Keyboardwithtwonavigationandtwoconfirmationkeysisconnectedtothecontrolboardtoensureeasymanipulationthroughmenusystemforconfigurationandmeasurements.Menusystemisbasedonfinitestatemachineanditcanbeaccessedbyexternalkeyboardwithtwonavigationkeys(UpandDown)andtwoconfirmationkeys(OKandEsc).DevicealsohasanON/OFFkeyforturningonandturningoffdevice(toggleoperation).ATmega128ArduinoUnoBoardEthernetInternetLCDRTCSHT11KeyboarduSDArduinoEthernetShieldBoardControlBoardFigure2.BlockschemeofthesystemSensordeviceSHT1130isattacheddirectlytothemicrocontrollerATmega128.SHT11isaSensirionsfamilyofsurfacemountabletemperatureandrelativehumiditysensors.Thesensorsintegratesensorelementsplussignalprocessingandprovideadigitaloutput.Noadditionalcalibrationisneeded.Relativehumidityismeasuredbycapacitivesensorelementwhileband-gapsensorisusedfortemperaturemeasurement.TheSHT11hasoperatingrangeoftemperaturebetween-40and+123.8Candrangeforrelativehumiditybetween0and100%RH.Measuredvaluesofrelativehumidityandtemperaturearestoredon2GBmicroSDcard.FAT16filesystemisusedtoallowmanipulationoffilewithresultsonPCandoff-lineprocessing.ThemainadvantageforusingamicroSDcardasdatastoragesystemistheeaseoftransferringdatadirectlytootherelectronicdeviceswhichsupporttheFATformatasafilesystem.DevicealsohasthreeLEDsforsignalizationofregular(greenLED)andcriticalconditions(tworedLEDsforlowandhighalarm).AprototypehardwareoutcomeofControlboardwithattachedSHT11sensorisshowninFigure3.Figure3.AprototypehardwareoutcomeofControlboardwithconnectedSHT11sensorArduinoUnoisamicrocontrollerboardbasedontheATmega328.Ithas14digitalinput/outputpins,6analoginputs,aUSBconnection,apowerjack,a16MHzceramicresonatorandaresetbutton31.TheArduinoEthernetShieldallowsanArduinoboardtoconnecttotheinternet.ItisbasedontheWiznetW5100Ethernetchip.TheWiznetW5100providesanetwork(IP)stackcapableofbothTCPandUDP.Itsupportsuptofoursimultaneoussocketconnections32.039TheArduinoUno(a)andEthernetShield(b)boardsarepresentedinFigure4.(a)(b)Figure4.(a)ArduinoUnoboard(b)ArduinoEthernetShieldboardPCbrowserviewoftheSENSEIVER33dataloggerwebpageisshowninFigure5.Date,time,relativehumidityandtemperaturearepresented.Defaultvalueforrefreshtimeis5seconds.Itisplannedthatinnextrevisionofthesystemrefreshtimeofwebpagecanbeadjustableregardlesssamplingtimeofmeasurements.Figure5.BrowserviewoftheSENSEIVERdataloggerwebpageAprototypehardwareoutcomeofcompletesystemisshowninFigure6.Figure6.HardwareoutcomeofdevicefortemperatureandrelativehumiditymonitoringwithembeddedwebserverSystemisalsosuccessfullytestedwithaccessviamobilephoneasshowninFigure7.Figure7.TestingofthesystemwithmobilephoneMobilephonebrowserviewoftheSENSEIVERdataloggerwebpageisshowninFigure8.Figure8.MobilephonebrowserviewoftheSENSEIVERdataloggerwebpageSystemdescribedinthispaperalsocanbeusedasstandalonedevicewithoutconnectionwithembeddedwebserver.Inbothcases,devicecanbeusedintwomodesfordatacollecting:continuousandmanual.Incontinuousmode,thedevicecollectsdatafromsensorautomaticallywithdefinedsamplingtimeandstoresitonmicroSDcard.Inmanualmode,theuserhasanoptiontomanuallychoosethemomentofrecordingtheresults.Moredetailsaboutimplementedoptionscanbefoundin26,whereresultsofcomparisonwithcommercialtemperatureandrelativehumiditydataloggerarepresented.Asreliabilitytestofredesignedsystem,duringmorethan7hoursindoortemperatureandrelativehumidityweremonitored.Samplingtimewassetto2secondssomorethan8600sampleswerestored.Sizeofgeneratedreportis319kB.OfflineprocessingofgeneratedreportcanbeeasilyperformedandcurvesoftemperatureandrelativehumiditychangesarepresentedinFigure9.0100020003000400050006000700080009000242628303234363840SampleTemperatureCRelativeHumidity%RHFigure9.Curvesofindoortemperatureandrelativehumiditychangesduringmorethan7hours040IV.CONCLUSIONThemaintaskinthisstudywastoprovideremoteaccesstothesensorreadingsasupgradeofthepreviouslydevelopedmonitoringsystem.RemoteaccesswasaccomplishedwithwebserverembeddedinAVRmicrocontrollerplacedonadditionalboardwhichisconnectedwithserialinterfacetopreviouslydevelopedsystem.Obtainedsystemislow-costbutithasmostofthefeaturesavailableatcommercialdevices.Thefutureplansofthisworkaretoimprovethefunctionalitiesofmeasuringanddataacquisitionsystemwithaddingnewhardwareandsoftwarefeatures.SoftwareexpansioncanbedonewithaddingonlineanalysisthroughInternetwithgraphsanddatabasecapabilitiesavailableonthewebpage.Varioustypesofsensors(pressure,differentgassensors,etc.)canbeattachedtotheControlBoardviaappropriatetransducercircuittoensuremoreinformationaboutenvironmentparametersandindoor/outdoorairquality.REFERENCES1ISO7730,1984.2Humidity&theindoorenvironment,CenterPointEnergy.3A.Rudd,H.I.Henderson,“MonitoredIndoorMoistureandTemperatureConditionsinHumid-ClimateUSResidences”,AmericanSocietyofHeating,RefrigeratingandAir-ConditioningEngineers,Volume113,Part1.4FLUKE,“Monitoringtemperature,humidity,andairflowindatacenters”,ApplicationNote.5C.Coopmans,Ch.YangQuan,“AGeneral-PurposeLow-CostCompactSpatial-TemporalDataLoggerandItsapplications”,2008,IEEEAUTOTESCON,pp.64-68.6L.Rajesh,X.G.Robert,“DesignandRealizationofaPortableDataLoggerforPhysiologicalSensing,IEEETrans.onInstrumentationandMeasurement”,vol,52,no.4,2003,pp.1289-1295.7M.Moghavvemi,M.O.Faruque,E.Ngkoon,Ch.Y.Soo,“ASimpleLowCostDataAcquisitionSystemforRemoteSensingofRelativeHumidityandTemperature”,Proceedingsofthe44thIEEE,2001,pp.202-206.8R.RobertDedrick,JohnD.Halfman,D.BrooksMcKinney.AnInexpensive,Microprocessor-Based,DataLoggingSystem.Technicalreport,HobartandWilliamSmithColleges,November1999.9V.K.Sehgal,Nitin,D.S.Chauhan,R.Sharma,”SmartWirelessTemperatureDataLoggerUsingIEEE802.15.4/ZigBeeProtocol”,IEEERegion10ConferenceTENCON2008,pp.1-6.10M.Sahoo,“AnApproachtoLabVIEWBasedTemperature&RelativeHumidityMonitoringSystem”,ACEEEInt.J.onControlSystemandInstrumentation,Vol.03,No.02,March2012.11P.Thanutong,D.Thanapatay,K.KaemarungsiandT.Isshiki,“ImplementationofLowCostDataLoggerUsingFlashDiskwithFileAllocationTable”,availableonhttp:/gis.eng.ku.ac.th/Research/paper_ImplementationofLowCostDataLogger.pdf(accessedon4thMarch2014).12M.B.Waghmare,P.N.Chatur,“TemperatureandHumidityAnalysisusingDataLoggerofDataAcquisitionSystem:AnApproach”,InternationalJournalofEmergingTechnologyandAdvancedEngineering,Volume2,Issue1,January2012.13N.Li,Y.Tang,“LibraryTemperatureandHumidityRemoteControlSystemBasedonMicroControllerUnit”,Proceedingsofthe2ndInternationalConferenceonComputerScienceandElectronicsEngineering(ICCSEE2013.14M.Omid,A.Shafaei,“Temperatureandrelativehumiditychangesinsidegreenhouse”,Int.Agrophysics,Vol.19,pp.153-158,2005.15V.ereviien,D.Paliulis,“InfluenceofTemperatureandRelativeHumidityonthePerformanceofNitrogenDioxideDiffusiveSampler”,ResearchJournalofChemicalSciences,Vol.2(5),89-92,May2012.16T.H.Khan,K.AWahid,“Anadvancedphysiologicaldataloggerformedicalimagingapplications”,URASIPJournalonEmbeddedSystems2012.17K.Samalekas,E.Logaras,E.S.Manolakos,“EmbeddedWebServerfortheAVRButterflyEnablingImmediateAccesstoWirelessSensorNodeReadings”,SENSAPPEAL2009,LNICST29,pp.145158,2010.18T.Tan,“EmbeddedATMELHTTPServer”,Masterthesis,CornellUniversity,2004.19TemperatureandhumiditymeasurementswiththeAVRweb-server,availableon/electronics(a