外文翻译-变电所的概述

英文原文1AhistoricalreviewoftheruralsubstationSubstationconstructionofruralagriculturalproductionwithdrought,drainageneedelectricitybirth,becauseoftheshortcyclepowerapplications,lowefficiency,ruralpowergridconstructionhasnotbeensufficientattentionatalllevels.Considerthereliabilityofpowersupplylessfundsinvestedlittle,agroupofhigh-pressureurbannetworkdiscardedelectricalequipment,backintotheruralsubstationuse,sothecontradictionsbehindtheoriginalruralnetworkequipmentismoreprominent.Sideofthemaintransformersubstation,suchasconventionalmulti-oilcircuitbreakercircuitbreakers,10kVusingvoltageswitchgear,substationscitynetworkisamodelforcopying.Whilecompletesetsofequipmentandgoodtechnicalperformanceandreliabilityhasbeengreatlyimproved,butbecausetheequipmenttechnicalparametersofthehighrepairandmaintenanceworkloadisheavy,easytoleakoil,asafeandcivilizedproductionhasbroughtsomedifficulties.Userswithinthemininglayout,leadingtothehighcost,largearea,longconstructionperiod,andtheruraleconomyisnotdevelopedandproducedanationallandresourceconstraintsconflict,fromthefactsofChinasruralareas,increasingtheburdenonfarmers.Conventionalsubstationcoversanareaofmorelargeinvestmentandlongconstructionperiod,thelackofruralpowerfeatures,therefore,accordingtothespecificcharacteristicsofruralpower,ruralsubstationconstructionanddevelopmenttoexplorethedirectionandpattern,isthepressingproblem.Atpresent,Chinashigh-voltageelectricalappliances,especiallyhigh-voltageswitchingequipment,technologyhasbeengreatlyimproved,afundamentalsolutiontoruralsubstationautomationandreliabilityproblems.Sowemustbecombinedwiththeactualsituationofruralpower,theuseofnewtechnology,newequipment,tophaseoutoldequipment.2smallruralprogramsofSubstationAtpresent,theruralpowergridandpowerinfrastructure,includingtheCPCCentralCommitteeattachesgreatimportancetotheruralpowergridconstructionandtransformationinthecountryhasalreadystarted.Accordingtoministerialsmallruralpowersubstationdesignprocedures,RuralDesignGuidelinesforUnattendedSubstation,county-levelschedulingandcommunicationsautomationnormsandotherprocedures,thedesignoftheproposednewruralsubstationrequirements:(1)ruralsubstationbuildingprogramisnecessarytomeettheneedsofagriculturalmodernization,butalsofortheactualsituationoftheruralpowergrid.(2)newsubstationsshouldadoptnewtechnology,newequipment,combinedwiththeactualruralnetwork,andbetechnologicallyadvancedandreliablesecurity,notalongmaintenancecycle,maintenanceworkissmall.(3)theoveralllayoutofthesubstationsinruralareas,payattentiontosavinginvestment,maintenanceworkissmall.Accordingtotheabovespirit,weshouldfollowthesmall-capacity,pointclouds,shortradiusandoutdoortype,smallsize,lowcost,safe,reliable,advancedtechnologyprinciple,proposedRuralPowerSubstationprogram.2.1ThefirstprogramMaintransformerhigh-voltageSF6circuitbreakerwithside,lowsideoftheSF6circuitbreakerusingcolumn;10kVSF6circuitbreakeroutletusingcolumn;controlandprotectionusingintegratedsetofcomputercontrolleddevices.2.1.1PrimaryEquipment10kVSF6usethisprogramastheoutletsideoftheprotectionswitch,youcanreplacetheindoortypeGG-1AHighVoltageSwitchgear,outofoutdoor-typeDW-35-typemulti-oilcircuitbreaker.Highvoltagecircuitbreakeroil-free,safeandcivilizedformyOfficefirstclassproductionofdoublestandardsandpowersupplyenterpriseslaidthefoundation.Atthesametime,sothatthetechnicallyadvanced,SF6circuitbreakerafterthecurrentscientificresearchefforts,thequalityofequipmenthasbeenresolved,havebeenputintomassproduction.TheSF6circuitbreakersfor35kV,theBureauhasbeenputintooperationintheWesternHillssubstation,reliable,andrunwell.TheSF6circuitbreakers10kVBureauofPanjisfolderinmygroovesubstation,collectoroftheTangDynasty,Fengtaisummercollectionsubstationwereputintooperation,theoverallsituationissafe.SF6circuitbreakerfromtheoperationoftheprovinceofview,manufacturingqualityismature.Voltagequalitytomeettherequirements,withadjustablevoltagetransformerloadtaptransformerSZ9type.2.1.2secondaryequipmentIntegratedautomationdevicesusedtoreplacealargesetofcontrolcabinetprotection,toachievethecontrol,protection,measurement,signalasawhole,reducingthecontrolroomarea,isconducivetosafeoperationandreducetheprotectionsystemofprojectcost,whileusinglawsconsistentwiththehistoricaldevelopmentofmicroprocessor-basedprotectionforruralpowersystemsarewidelyusedmoderntechnologyhasopenedupnewideas.2.2Thesecondprogram(1)selectionofmaintransformerhigh-voltagevacuumcircuitbreakersidetoachieveremotecontroloperation,tomeettheschedulingrequirementsofautomationandunattended.(2)10kVpowerdistributionboxsystemusesadevice,aunitwithinthestructureofthevacuumswitchcabinet.(3)35kVsubstationsecondarysystem,DCpowersystems,10kVasystemcentralizedordecentralizedarrangementinthecase.(4)automationwithappropriatedatacollection,informationprocessingandRTUsystems,toremotesensing,remote,remotecontrol,unmannedsubstationcanbeachieved.(5)withautomaticvoltageregulatortoensurethatthesystemvoltagestability,improvethevoltagequality,reducelinelosses.2.2.1TheprimaryequipmentThisprogram10kVpowerdistributionboxtypedevice,aunitwithinthestructureofthevacuumswitchcabinet,equippedwithamechanicalFiveAntilockout,breakerZN28-10IndoorVacuumCircuitBreakerandCT19oneagency,thechoiceoftheupperandlowerisolationswitch,current,voltage,Transformerclosedmastic.Moreoiloutofoutdoorcircuitbreakers,highvoltagecircuitbreakeroil-free.35kVoutdoorvacuumcircuitbreakerbytakinghalf-heightlayout.Usingnewenergy-savingproducts,themaintransformer,theuseofadjustablevoltagetransformerloadtapSZ9type.35kVand10kVarrestersyntheticinsulatedmetaloxidesurgearresters.2.2.2secondaryequipmentControlroomequippedwithdataacquisitionsystems,computerinformationprocessingfordisplay,foroperatingpersonneltomonitorthetimelyprocessingofexceptions.Telecontrolchannelmainlycarriercommunication,aswirelessspreadspectrumcommunicationtechnology,improvingreliabilityandcost-effective,itsapplicationwillbecomemorewidespread.Throughremoteaccess,thevarietyofdatatothedispatchterminalsubstationtoachievesubstationremotecontrol,telemetry,remote,etc.,caneventuallyachieveunmannedsubstation.Inshort,whethertheprogramisthefirstorthesecondprogram,thesuperiorityofruralsmallsubstationsarefullyreflectedin,theinitialrealizationofthe10kV10kVSF6circuitbreakersanddistributionequipmentbox,outoftheoilcircuitbreakers,replacetheindoorwithintheswitchgear,anintegratedautomaticdeviceoutofsimplecontrolcabinet,replacingthecompleteprotection,control,signalpanelhasbecomethedevelopmenttrendofruralpowerindustry.3substationsinruralsmalltechnicalandeconomiccomparison(1)theconstructionofruralsmallsubstations,smallfootprint,onlyconventionalsubstationabout1/3,theaveragesavingsperseatsubstationlandabout800m2,inlinewithChinaslandpolicy,andchangepoweroftheoveralllayoutisreasonable,compactbutnotcrowded,smallareaofarableland.(2)smallinfrastructurework,constructionconvenient,shortinstallationperiod,especiallyforsimpleconvenience,especiallythetransformationsubstations,powercanbeachieved,transformationcorrect,eachblockcanbeshortenedabout100dayssubstation,socialsignificanteconomicbenefits.(3)Thetotalinvestmentoflessconventionalsubstationonlyabout2/3,theaveragesavingsperseatsubstationcanbe40million.(4)extendtheequipmentsmaintenancecycle,changetheoriginalone-yearoverhaul,thephenomenonofhalfasmallrepair.Averageannuallaborsavingsperseatandsubstationmaintenancecosts(maintenancecosts)3million.(5)simplifieswiring.Asaresultofauto-reclosersandbreakingusedinconjunctionwith,replacingthelargecontrolroom,controlroomandtheprotectionofhigh-pressureplate,controlpanel,rectifiercabinetandhighvoltageswitchgear,mainconnectionissimple,safeandreliableequipment,highdegreeofautomationforachieveunattendedsubstationsinruralareasprovidedtheconditions.(6)improvepowersupplyreliability,thedevicehasasmartauto-recloserfunction,toavoidthelinestobranchpointfailureresultinginthefullrangeofpoweroutageincidents.(7)reducetheburdenofoperatingpersonnel.Capacityofthesubstationinthesameconditions,canreducetheoperatingpersonnel,orbeunattended.(8)Networkqualityhasimproved,especiallytheuseofOLTCtransformers,powersupplyvoltagetoensurestable,consistentwiththeseasonalrequirementsoftheruralelectricity,toensurethattheruraldrought,drainage,electricityduringtheharvestqualityofplayreducinglossesofenergy-saving,smallfootprint,lowinvestment.4ConclusionBecauseofoursmallruralsubstationcomparativelylatedate,constructionmodeisnotfinalized,isinresearchandexplorationphase.Withthedevelopmentofpowersystems,powertechnologyupdates,newemergingpowerequipment,constructionofruralpowergridsareparticularlyimportant.Wewillcontinuetoexplorenewmodels,morerationaluseofinvestment,construction,ruraldevelopment,moresuitedtosmallersubstations.中文译文1变电所的历史回顾我国农村变电所的建设是随着农业生产的抗旱、排涝需要用电诞生的，由于当时的电力应用周期短、效率低，农村电网建设没有得到各级部门的充分重视。对供电的可靠性考虑较少，投入的资金不多，一批城网淘汰下来的高压电器设备，重新投入到农村变电所使用，使原来农网设备落后的矛盾更为突出。如常规变电所主变侧断路器采用多油断路器，10kV采用成套开关柜，是照搬城网变电所的一种模式。虽然设备的成套性好，技术性能及供电可靠性有了很大的提高，但由于设备技术参数偏高，检修维护工作量大，易渗漏油，给安全文明生产带来一定的困难。采用户内式布置，导致工程造价高、占地面积大、建设周期长，与农村经济尚不发达和国家土地资源紧张产生了矛盾，脱离了我国的农村实情，加重了农民的负担。常规变电所占地多、投资大、工期长、缺乏农电的特点，因此根据农网的具体特点，探索出农村变电所建设发展方向和模式，是急待解决的问题。目前我国的高压电器特别是高压开关设备，技术水平有了很大的提高，从根本上解决农村变电所自动化水平和可靠性的问题。所以我们必须结合农电的实际情况，采用新技术、新设备，去淘汰老设备。2农村小型化变电所模式方案的探讨目前，农村电网和电力基础设施建设得到党中央的高度重视，农村电网建设与改造工作在全国已全面启动。根据部颁农网小型化变电所设计规程、农网无人值班变电所设计导则、县级调度及通信自动化规范等规程，对农村变电所的设计提出新的要求：(1)农村变电所的建设方案既要满足农业现代化的需要，又要适合农村电网实际情况。(2)新建变电所应采用新技术、新设备，结合农网实际，做到技术上先进，安全上可靠，不检修周期长，维护工作量小。(3)农村变电所的总体布局，要注意节省投资、维护工作量小。根据上述精神，我们应遵循小容量、密布点、短半径和户外式、小型化、造价低、安全可靠、技术先进原则，提出农网变电所方案。2.1第一方案主变高压侧采用SF6断路器，低压侧采用柱上SF6断路器；10kV出线采用柱上SF6断路器；控制和保护采用微机综合集控装置。2.1.1一次设备此方案选用SF6作为10kV侧出线保护开关，可以取代户内式GG-1A型高压开关柜，淘汰户外式DW-35型多油断路器。实现高压断路器无油化，为我局的安全文明生产双达标和创一流供电企业奠定了基础。同时，做到了技术上先进，目前SF6断路器经过科研单位共同努力，设备质量已经得到了解决，已投入批量生产。对于35kV的SF6断路器，我局西山变电所已投入运行，质量可靠，运行情况良好。10kV的SF6断路器在我局潘集的夹沟变电所、唐集电所、凤台的夏集变电所均投入运行，总的情况来看是安全可靠的。从全省的SF6断路器运行情况来看，制造质量是成熟的。为满足电压质量的要求，主变压器采用可调整电压的有载调压变压器SZ-9型。2.1.2二次设备选用综合自动化装置，取代了庞大的保护集控柜，实现了控制、保护、测量、信号为一体，缩小了控制室的占地面积，有利于安全运行，降低了保护系统的工程造价，同时采用微机保护符合历史发展规律，为农电系统广泛采用现代技术开辟了新的思路。2.2第二方案(1)主变高压侧选用真空断路器实现远方控制操作，可满足调度自动化和无人值班的要求。(2)10kV一次系统采用箱式配电装置，内部采用单元真空开关柜结构。(3)35kV变电所的二次系统、直流电源系统、10kV一次系统集中或分散布置在箱内。(4)自动化配以适当的数据采集、信息处理和RTU系统，达到遥测、遥信、遥控功能，可以实现变电所的无人值守。(5)配合自动调压器，可以确保系统的电压稳定，提高电压质量，降低线路损耗。2.2.1一次设备此方案10kV选用箱式配电装置，内部采用单元真空开关柜结构，装有机械五防闭锁，