外文翻译原文-基于单片机的火灾自动报警系统

Automaticfirea1armsystembasedonMCUZhangKun,HuShunbinCollegeofMechanicalandElectricalEngineeringAgriculturalUniversityofHebeiBaoding,071001,ChinaE-mailaddress:LiJinfangBaodingBaolingTransformerCo.Ltd.TianweiGroupBaoding,071056,ChinaE-mailaddress:AbstractThepaperintroducedanautomaticwarehousefirea1armsystembasedonMCU.ThesystemwasmainlymadeupofATmega16,temperaturesensors,smokesensors,andEX-1autodialedalarmmodule.Inthesystem,temperaturesignalsweretransformedtoserialdata,andsmokesignalsweretransformedtovoltagesignals.AllthedatawereprocessedbyMCU.Whenthesurveillancesystemcheckedfireinwarehouse,alarmsignalwasturnon,meanwhilethemessagesweretransmittedtomanagersthroughEX-1.Applicationofthesystemwasconvenienttodealwithfirein-time,efficientlybywarehousemanager.Keywords-firea1armsystem;ATmega16;temperaturetransducer;smokesensorI.INTRODUCTIONAutomaticfirealarmcontrolsystemhasexperiencedaprocessfromthesimpletothecomplexandintelligencesystemincreasinglyinChina.Thecharacteristicisautomaticfiredetectionandalarmtechnologyhasagreatprogressalongwithcomputinganddetectiontechnologydevelopment.Atpresent,automaticfirealarmcontrolsystemwasusedinbulkstorageplant,shoppingmalls,high-levelofficebuildings,hotelsandotherplaces.Theywereusedinanumberofcollectionsfocusedononeareaofintelligentalarmcontrolmethodwithhigherlevelsofbus-typealarmcontrolsystem,andinsomeresidentialareasandcommercialbuildingswereinstalledbyasingleautomaticfirealarmdetectiondevice.Thesealarmdetectiondevicesfailtoreportsometimes,ormisinformation.Itsreliabilityisnothighbecauseofusingsinglesensor.Therefore,itisneededtodevelopasimplestructure,lowcost,highreliability,fastresponding,automaticfiredetectionsystem.II.GENERALPROJECTOFTHESYSTEMThehardwareblockdiagramshowninFigure1,hardwarebytemperaturesensors,smokesensors,signalprocessingmodule,MCUmodulesandautomaticalarmmodule.Nonelectricalquantitythatisthroughthesensingelementsensors(smokesensorsandtemperaturesensors)willbeon-sitetemperature,smokeandothernon-electricalsignalintoanelectricalsignal,aswellassignalsforsignalprocessingtoconvertanalogquantitytodigitalquantity.Finally,thesampleddatawereprocessedandcomparedwiththelimitsbyMCUsystem.Thissystemcanproducelocalandremoteauto-alarmsignals.Figure1.Systemhardwarediagram.III.THEHARDWARECOMPONENTSA.Atmega16ThesystemusedbytheU.S.AtmelsmicrocontrollerATmega16microcontroller.ATmega16isbasedontheAVRRISCarchitecturetoenhancelow-power8-bitCMOSmicrocontroller.Becauseofitsadvancedinstructionsetandasingleclockcycleinstructionexecutiontime,ATmega16datathroughputofupto1MIPS/MHz.Therebymitigatethesysteminthepowerandthecontradictionbetweentheprocessingrate.ATmega16hasthefollowingcharacteristics:16Kbytesin-systemprogrammableFlash(withtheabilitytoreadandwriteatthesametime,thatis,RWW),512bytesEEPROM,1KbytesSRAM,32general-purposeI/Oportlines,32general-purposeworkingregisters,fortheJTAGboundaryscaninterface,supporttheon-chipdebuggingandprogramming,3hasamoreflexiblemodeoftimer/counter(T/C),chipinternal/externalinterrupts,programmableserialUSART,thereareinitialconditionsdetectoruniversalserialinterface,8-channel10-bitwithoptionaldifferentialinputstageprogrammablegain(TQFPpackage)oftheADC,withon-chiposcillatorofprogrammablewatchdogtimer,anSPIserialport,aswellassixcanbeselectedbysoftwarepower-savingmode.TemperaturetransducerIonizationsmokedetectorSCMautoalarmmoduleTelephoneInterfacePD0signalprocessingPD12010InternationalConferenceonElectricalandControlEngineering978-0-7695-4031-3/10$26.002010IEEEDOI10.1109/iCECE.2010.133517ThechipisbasedonAtmelhigh-densitynonvolatilememorytechnologyproductionon-chipISPFlashallowstheprogrammemorythroughtheISPserialinterfaceorageneral-purposeprogrammerforprogramming;youcanalsorunontheAVRcoreamongthebootstraptoprogram.BootprogramcanuseanyinterfacetodownloadtheapplicationtotheFlashmemoryarea(ApplicationFlashMemory).ApplicationofFlashstorageareaisupdatedwhenthebootFlasharea(BootFlashMemory)programcontinuestorun,RWWoperationachieved.ATmega16tobecomeapowerfulmicrocontrollerby8-bitRISCCPUandthesystemprogrammableflashinasinglechip,formanyembeddedcontrolapplicationsprovidesaflexibleandcost-effectivesolution.ATmega16hasasetofprogrammingandsystemdevelopmenttools,including:Clanguagecompiler,macroassembler,programdebugger/softwareemulator,emulatorsandevaluationboards.B.TemperatureSensorTemperaturesensormanufacturedbyDALLASSemiconductorDS18B20-typesingleintelligencetemperaturesensor,itsperformancefeaturesinclude:1)Thissensorhavesingle-bus-specifictechnology,eitherthroughtheserialportcablealsothroughotherI/Oportlinesandcomputerinterfaces,withoutgoingthroughotherconversioncircuitsDirectoutputmeasuredtemperaturevalue(9-bitbinarynumber,withsignbit).Figure2.ds18b20andthemainchipconnectiondiagram.2)Temperaturerangeis-55+125,measurementresolutionof0.0625.3)Containing64asamendedthroughthelaser-read-onlymemoryROM.4)FitavarietyofSCMorsystemmachine.5)Userscansetseparatewayseachtemperatureupperandlowerlimit.6)Includesparasiticpower.DS18B20andthemainchipconnectiondiagramshowninFigure2:DS18B20numberonepingrounded,thenonthe3rdpinhighandthe2ndpinthena5.1Kofthepull-upresistor,atthesametimereceivedasingleoutputsignalofthePD0pin.Pull-upistopulltheuncertaintysignalthrougharesistorembeddedinthehighplaces,resistanceatthesametimecurrentlimited.ProgramfromtheDQpininhighimpedancestatetoensurethatthebeginning,sothatyoucanpullonthepull-upresistortothehighDQ.Atthesametimethemainchipalsocanbeanexternalsitealarmbuzzer.C.SmokeMonitoringModuleSmokesensorschooseHIS-07ionsmokedetectorswhentheflowthroughtheinsideandoutsidetheionizationchamberionizationelectronflowisunbalanced,collectorchargescurrentuntiltheionizationbalance.Inasmoke-freeornon-combustion,thecollectorbeingsubjecttotheimpactionizationcurrentstatisticalfluctuation,thepotentialtomaintainabalance.Ionizationcurrenthaveimpactwhenthesmokeintotheionizationchamber,easilyintotheionizationchambersmokeoutsidethaninsidetheionizationchamberoftheaffected,ionizationcurrentdeclineinandcollectortore-chargeuntilthenewequilibriumpotential,thispotentialchangecanbeusedtotriggerthealarmcircuit.TechnicalparameterssuchasTable1.TABLEI.HIS-07IONSMOKESENSORTHCHNICALDATATableHeadTableColumnHeadequilibriumpotentialcollector5.50.3Vcollectorpotentialwiththesmokeconcentrationreducedlightrateof1%/ft0.6Vreducedlightrateof4%/ft2.2Vcapacitor6pFSmokesignalsareprocessedonthechipofchoiceistheMotorolacompanysMC14468,MC14468forDIP16-pinpackage,containoscillator,timer,latch,alarmcontrollogiccircuit,highinputimpedancecomparatoretc.Whennotdetectedsmoke,MC14468internaloscillatorthatoscillationcycle1.67s.Each1.67scycletheinternalpowersupplyisprovidedtotheworkoftheentirechip.ItsallkeptdetectanysmokeinadditiontoLEDflashes,batteryvoltagealarmandsmokealarm.Theoscillatoroscillationperiodbecomes40mswhentheMC14448Oncedetectionsmoke,thistimepiezoelectricbuzzerdrivingcircuittostartoscillation,starttobeabletooutputtomaintainthehigh160msafterthecessationof80ms.Continuedduringthedetectionofsmokecessationofchanges,atthistimeifnotdetectedsmokebeeperwillnotbeissuedawarningsound.Infigure3,theMC144681pinjointPD1pinofSCMwhentheionchamberoftheioncurrentasthesceneofsmokedetectionandchange,voltagechangegenerationaweakside-spreadseized15,bytheMC14468internallogicprocessingcircuitprocessing,thesmokeisdetectedby1pin-outhighmicrocontrollerforprocessing.13-pinthensliderheostatissettofacilitatedetectionsensitivitywhentheledflashesandthe518buzzersoundedapiercingsoundofanaudioalarmwhenthedepartmenthasafirealarmsignal-based.Figure3.SmokedetectioncircuitD.Auto-dialalarmmoduleDial-upalarmmodulechoicesaretheEX-1dial-upmoduleisaDTMFsignalreceiving,storing,andsendingasintegrationcommunicationscircuits.Modulebuilt-inmicrocontrolleranddial-upmanagementprocesscanprovideuserswithavarietyofsignalinputandoutputports,insecurityalarm,signalacquisition,automaticcontrol,remotecommunicationandinformationtransmissionareassuchasflexibleapplication.5groupscanhavecellphoneorgroupofsevenlocaltelephonenumbersarestored,power-downisnotlost;Telephonelinestatusdetection,automaticfaultsignaloutput;Telephone/externalswitchingtwokindsofdial-upstatecontrol;Triggertime,ninetimesloopdialpresetnumbers;Toworkindependently,independentdial-up,donotrelyontelephoneandotherexternaldevices.EX-1wiringdiagramshowninfigure4,ThePD4pintoconnectthemainchipHTO,themodulebegantodialalarmwhenPD4outputhighlevelsignal,PD5connectionON/OFFpininputishighlevelsignaltoopenthedial-upsettings,theinputdoesnotworkwhenthispinbecomelow,ERRpinconnectedtoPD6pinofMCU,PD6output1beguntotestwhetherthetelephonelinefailure,READYpinconnectMCUPD7pindetectionandalarmiscompleted,thealarmisendwhenPD7pinishigh.Figure4.EX-1wiringdiagramIV.SOFTWAREDESIGNFigure5.ThemainprogramflowchartBecauseintheearlystagesoffiresandthesmolderingphasewillproducealargenumberofaerosolparticlesandstartATmega16initializewhethertherearesmokesignals?YR0=1collectiontemperaturesignalwhetherthealarmvalue?YR1=1Ndial-upalarmREADY=1?YN519smokeparticles.Inthestageofincipientfiresubstancesinthecombustionprocessproducesalotofheat,soshouldmakethesmokesensorandtemperaturesensorusedinconjunction,firstwiththesmokesensordetectswhetherthereissmokegeneration,thenthetemperaturesensordetectsthetemperature,temperaturesensoralarmvalueissetto50degrees.WhenthesmokeisdetectedR0is1,notsmokeR0is0.ThentestthetemperaturewhenthetemperaturereachesthevalueofseasonalearlywarningR1is1,thevalueofseasonaltemperaturenottoreachanearlywarningR1to0,atthistimecomparedtotheR0andR1isequaltothemainchipwhenthedial-upalarm,ifnotequalisnottoalarmre-tested.Thissmokesensorandtemperaturesensorusedinconjunctionwithgreatlyimprovedthereliabilityofdetectiontopreventtheomissionoffalsepositive