文献翻译——红外线传感器及其应用

第1页外文文献资料Infra-redsensoranditsapplicationInfra-redsensorsmakeuseofobjectshavethecharacteristicsofinfraredradiation,automaticallydetectingsensors.Inphysics,weknowvisiblelightisnotvisiblelight,infraredlightandradioareallelectromagneticwaves,whichisthedifferencebetweenthewavelength(orfrequency)isdifferent.Wewillbedifferentaccordingtothewavelengthofelectromagneticwaves(orfrequency)canbeformedintorowoftheelectromagneticspectrum.Humaneyescanseebythewavelengthofvisiblelightfromlongtoshortorder,followedbyred,orange,yellow,green,green,blueandpurple.Infra-redvisiblelightwavesdonotbelongtothescopeofitswavelengthingeneralbetweenthe0.76-600m(knownasinfrared).Theinfraredareausuallycanbedividedintonear-infrared(0.731.5m),mid-infrared(1.5-l0m)andfar-infrared(10mabove),morethan300mintheregion,alsoknownassub-millimeterwave.Inrecentyears,infraredradiationtechnologyhasbecomeafast-growingemergingdiscipline.Ithasbeenwidelyusedintheproduction,scientificresearch,military,medicalandotherfields.Infraredradiationisduetoobjects(solid,liquidandgas)elementswithintherotationandvibrationgenerated.Suchistheprocessofvibrationcausedbytheheatofobjects,onlyintheabsolutezero(-273.16),theobjectofallelementsofthemovementwillstop.Therefore,absolutezero,noonewillbefiredinfraredobjects.Inotherwords,undernormalroomtemperature,alltheobjectsarefiredinfraredradiationsource.Forexample,flame,bearings,automobiles,aircraft,animalsandplantsareallhumanandeveninfraredradiationsources.Infra-redandallelectromagneticwaves,withreflection,refraction,scattering,absorptionandinterferewithnature,andsoon,butitischaracterizedbyaverylargeeffect,avacuumintheinfraredtransmissionspeedc=3108m/s,whilethemediainthedisseminationoftime,Asthemediumofabsorptionandscatteringattenuationhavearoleinit.Attenuationofinfraredlightfollowscertainrules.第2页Metalattenuationofinfraredradiationisverylarge,generalmetalmaterialscannotbebasicallythroughtheinfra-red;themajorityofsemiconductormaterialsandsomeplasticsthroughinfra-red;liquidontheinfraredabsorptionoflarge,thick,forexamplel(mm)ofwaterontheinfra-redTransparencyisverysmall,whenthethicknesslcm,infra-redwaterofthealmostcompletelyopaque;gasontheinfraredradiationhavedifferentlevelsofabsorption,suchastheatmosphere(moisturevapor,carbondioxide,ozone,methane,etc.)ontheexistenceofdifferentlevelsofabsorptionItswavelengthis15m,814mbetweentheinfra-redisamoretransparenttootherwavelengthsofthetransparencyofthepoor.Themediasunevencrystalmaterialisnotpure,impuritiesorsuspendedparticles,suchaswouldgiverisetothescatteringofinfraredradiation.racticehasprovedthatthelowerthetemperatureofobjectsintheinfraredwavelengthradiationlonger.Resultinginindustryandthemilitaryneededtochoosetoreceivearangeofwavelengths,wecanachievethemeasurement.Wetakealookattheinfraredsystem,theopticalsystemofthemainandauxiliaryopticalsystem,basedonthiskeycomponentoftheinfrareddetaileddiscussion.Infact,theinfraredsensoroperatingprincipleisnotcomplicated.Infraredisusedinfra-redsensorsystemforthemediameasurementsystem,inaccordancewiththefunctionstobedividedintofivecategories:(1)radiometerformeasuringradiationandspectroscopy;(2)searchandtrackingsystemfortheinfraredsearchandtracktargets,Spacetodeterminetheirlocationandtrackitsmovement;(3)thermalimagingsystemcanproducethewholeobjectiveofthedistributionofinfraredradiationimages;(4)infraredrangingandcommunicationsystem;(5)hybridsystems,istheTothevarioussystemsofacombinationoftwoormore.Subjecttothesideofthegoal:Accordingtothesideofthegoaltobetheinfraredradiationcharacteristicsoftheinfraredsystemcanbeset.Attenuationofatmosphere:TheobjectivetestofinfraredradiationthroughtheEarthsatmosphere,thegasmoleculesandasaresultofvariousgases,aswellasavarietyoftabletsofthesolscatteringandabsorptionofinfraredwillmaketheissueasourceofinfraredradiationattenuationoccurred.第3页Opticalreceiver:Itspartofthegoaltoreceiveandtransmitinfraredradiationtotheinfraredsensor.Equivalenttotheradarantennaisacommonobjective.Radiationmodulator:Fromthetargetundertestmodulatedradiationvolumechangeoflightradiation,thegoaltoprovidepositioninformation,andcanfilteroutalargeareaofsignalinterference.Alsoknownasthemodulationandchopperplate,itstructurehasmany.Infrareddetector:Thisisthecoreoftheinfraredsystem.Itistheuseofinfraredradiationandmatterinteracttoshowthephysicaleffectsofthesensorstodetectinfraredradiation,inmostcasesistousethistoshowtheinteractionoftheelectricaleffect.Suchprobescanbedividedintothephotondetectorsandthermaldetectorssensitivetothetwomajortypes.Detectorcooler:Duetosomeofthedetectorshavetoworkatlowtemperatures,sothesystemmusthaverefrigerationequipment.Aftercooling,equipmentcanshortentheresponsetime,improvethedetectionsensitivity.Signalprocessingsystems:whichcoulddetectthesignalamplification,filteringandsignalfromtheextractedinformation.Thenthisinformationintoaformatrequiredforthefinaldeliveryofequipmenttocontrolormonitor.Displaydevices:Thisistheinfraredequipment,terminalequipment.Oscilloscopedisplaysarecommonlyused,tubes,infraredsensitivematerials,equipmentandinstructionsrecorder,andsoon.Infraredsystemisthecoreofinfrareddetectors,inaccordancewiththedetectionmechanism,heatdetectorsandcanbedividedintotwomajorcategoriesofphotondetectors.Wewillanalyzethedetectorprinciplethroughthefollowingheatdetectors.Thermalradiationdetectorsistheuseofthermaleffects,sothattheradiationdetectiondevicestoreceiveafterthetemperatureriseandthusmakeitdependentonthetemperatureprobeintheperformanceofchange.Detectionofaperformanceinwhichchangescanbedetectedradiation.Mostcasesarethermoelectricthroughchangestodetectradiation.Whenthedevicereceivesradiation,causedbytheconsumptionofnon-physicalchangescanbetransformedthroughtheappropriatemeasurementofthechangeinpower.HEITRONICShavemorethan40yearsexperienceinnon-contactinfraredtemperaturemeasurement,morethan50kindsofnon-contactinfraredthermometer第4页andinfraredtemperaturemeasurementsystemcanmeettheneedsofdifferentuserstothespecialneedsoftheindustrytoprovidethebestnon-contactinfraredtemperaturemeasurementsolutions.Inthehigh-performanceandhigh-qualityinfraredtemperaturemeasurementproductsmarkets,fromGermanyHEITRONICSinitscutting-edgeapplicationsinthefieldofgoodqualityrecord,iswidelyrecognizedasaworld-classsupplierofinfraredtemperaturemeasurementproductsandtrusted.HEITRONICSserieshasbeenwidelyusedinmetallurgy,glass,paper,textiles,rubber,andwood,ceramic,plasticcoatings,asphaltconstruction,electronics,food,petrochemicals,cementmanufacturingindustry,scientificresearchandexperimentsinthefield.KT19Series-50C-3000Cintelligentinfraredthermometerisasmarttemperaturemeasurementsystem,with19spectralranges.Itcanbereal-timedataprocessing,5msresponsetime,opticaltarget,withlaseraiming,LCDdisplay,programmable,RS232serialinterface.KT15DSeries-50C-3000C-size-fits-infraredthermometeristhecommonmeasurementexpertwith19spectralranges.Itcanbereal-timedataprocessing,theresponsetimeof50ms,programmable,RS232serialinterface,compactstructure.KTXseries0C-2000Cintegratedinfraredthermometer,theresponsetimeof50ms,all-metal,anti-electromagneticinterference,HDversionofthe180Cforthepoorworkingenvironment.LS12series-50C-3000C-typethermometerhasalinearscan19spectralrange,real-timedataprocessing,programmable,RS232serialinterface,theuseofindependentremotecontrolsoftware.KT18S50C-2500C-spectralinfraredthermometer,theresponsetimeof10ms,thetargetdistancefactorof400:1,opticaltarget,belongingtothesilicondetector.Non-infraredgassensorusedinsupportofthemainindustry,agriculture,healthcare,intelligentbuilding,analyticalinstrumentsusedinsuchindustriesasgasconcentrationofhigh-precisionmeasurements.Uptonow,hasbeendevelopedSO2,NO,CO,CO2,CH4,H2Ogas,suchasinfraredgassensors.Thesensoroperatingprincipleis:第5页BasedonthegasinfraredabsorptionLambert-Beerabsorptionlaw,theinternationalcommunitytoadoptthelatesttechnologiesNDIR,suchaspowermodulationinfraredlightsource,theimportofhighsensitivitysensorfilterinfraredsensorintegration,high-precisionpre-amplifier,Removable-coatingchamber,andsoon,therealizationofdifferentconcentrationsofdifferentgases(SO2,NOX,CO2,CO,CH,etc.)forhigh-precisiondetection.Withthedevelopmentofcommunicationstechnology,makingthedevelopmentofinfraredgassensorsinthepastneedtosignificantlydecreasethecostofthedevice,thisnewtypeofinfraredgassensorsforthedevelopmentofthecondition.Inrecentyearsabroadinthefieldofinfraredgassensorshasbeenrapiddevelopment.Chinasannualdemandfornearly10,000setsofexhaustgasanalyzercoresensorsneedtobeimportedforuseinmonitoringsystemsforpollutantanalysisofthekeycomponentsoftheCEMSisalsoverylowlocalproduction,non-invasiveanesthesiaforthecustodyofend-tidalCO2,aswellassensorsusedSafetymonitoringinthefieldofinfraredgassensorsandinfraredgastransmitterathomeorablankspace.Itisthereforeaneedtobeaddressedinanumberofareasofcommonkeytechnologies,whetherinnewtechnologytotransformtraditionalindustries,orsubstitutetheimportshaveobviousadvantages.Thewiderangeoftechnologyhasobviouseconomicandsocialbenefits.Intheelectronicanti-theft,inthefieldofhumandetectors,passive-piezoelectricinfrareddetectoriswidelyused,becauseoftheirlowcost,technicalperformanceandstabilityunderawiderangeofusersandprofessionalswelcome.Passivepiezoelectricinfraredprobeoftheworkingprincipleandfeatures:thehumanbodyhasaconstantbodytemperature,usually37degrees,itwillissueaspecificwavelengthofabout10UMinfrared,passiveinfraredprobewaslaunchedbythehumanbodytodetecttheinfraredandabout10UMTocarryoutthework.Thelaunchofthehumanbody10UMaroundthroughinfra-redfiltertoenhancethePhilippinesaftermudSeoulgatheredonthesourceofinfraredsensors.Infraredsensorsusuallythesourceofpiezoelectricelements,suchelementsinthehumanbodytoreceiveinfraredradiationtemperaturechangeswillbelostwhenthechargebalanceoutthereleaseofcharge,follow-uptestingbythecircuitafteralarmsignalwillbeabletoproduce.(1)thisprobeisbasedonthehumanbodytodetectradiationtargeting.第6页Therefore,piezoelectriccomponentsofawavelengthofabout10UMhavetobeverysensitivetoinfraredradiation.(2)inordertothehumanbodyisonlysensitivetoinfraredradiation,itsradiationisusuallycoveredhead-to-headwithspecialmudofthePhilippineNationalfilter,sothatenvironmentalinterferencebytheapparentcontrol.(3)passiveinfraredprobe,thesensorconsistsoftwoparalleleachotherorinseriesofpiezoelectricmillion.Andtwoelectrodesmadefromtheoppositedirection,thebackgroundradiationenvironmentonthecomponentsthermoluminescencetwoalmosthavethesameeffect,toproducepiezoelectriceffectoffseteachother,sothesignaldetectorwithoutexporting.(4)intrusiondetection,oncepeopleintheregion,theinfraredradiationthehumanbodythroughthemirrorsomeofthefocus,andpiezoelectricmillionreceived,but2millionpiezoelectricreceiveheat,piezoelectricalsocannotbeoffsetbythealarmsignalprocessing.(5)thePhilippineNationalmudfilterbasedonperformancerequirementsaredifferent,withdifferentfocallength(distancesensors),resultinginadifferentfieldofviewmonitoring,fieldofview,themorecontrolthemorerigorous.Inthemechanicalmouseatthebottomoftheexposedpartofaplasticballwhenthemouseoperationonthemobiledesktop,thenturningtheballinthemousewiththreeinternalrollercontactwiththeball,whicharethetwoX-axisAndthedirectionoftheYaxisroller,respectively,formeasuringXaxisandYaxismovement,theotheristheairshaft,onlytoplayasupportiverole.Dragthemouse,asaresultofthethreerollerdrivetheballrotation,XaxisandYaxisrollerandthedriveshaftofa(knownasthedecodinground)rotation.Decodingtheroundonbothsidesofthelight-emittingdiodeswereequippedwithinfraredlightandsensorstoformtheoptcoupler.PhotosensorsalongtheverticaldirectionoftheinternalorderoftwophototransistorsAandBareshown.Astheroundofthedecodinggapthere,sowhendecodingroundoftherotation,theinfraredlight-emittingdiodeissuedfromtimetotimeasinfra-redsensorinthephoto,sometimesblocked,sothatthelightpulsesensoroutputsignal.AphototransistorandBhavebeenplacedinpositiontoblocklightandmakesthetimedifference,therebycreatingthepulseAandBpulseofacertainphase,inthisway;youcandragthemousetodetectthedirection.第7页Infrarednightvision,nightvisionisinastateofdigitalcameraswillbeissuedbythenakedeye,peoplecannotseeinfraredlighttoilluminatetheobjectbeingshot,turnofftheinfraredfilter,nottoblockaccesstoinfraredCCD,byinfra-redReflectiveobjectsintothecameraforimaging,thistimewehaveseenisthereflectionintotheinfraredimages,ratherthanvisiblelightreflectionintotheimage,thatis,atthistimecanbetakentothedarkimageoftheinvisibletothenakedeye.Sonysfirstdigitalcamerahasinfrarednight-visionphotographyfunctionintheentireenvironmentandtakeeventhenakedeyecannotdistinguishobjects,canalsobeclearlyfilmed.Thisischaracterizedbynight-visioncannotbecarriedoutunderconditionsoflightshooting,butwasusedinfraredphotography,cannotrestorethecolor,sothescreenistakenoutofthemonochromeimagewillbegreen.Soonafter,Sonyalsointroducedasuper-ownedinfra-rednightvisionfunctionofthedigitalphotocameras,infrared-enabledforslowshutter2choice,theSuperNightShotinfraredslowshutterfunctionforautomaticadjustment,canbetterimageeffect.WeallgiveyouanexampleseeninU.S.airstrikesagainstIraq,theIraqicapitalareinmostpartsofthestatepower,thistimeinadditiontoanti-aircraftmissilesandtracerfirecausedbyanexplosionjustoutsidethemoonorthestarslighting,verypoorvisibility.Weseeontelevisionnewsbackfromthesceneofthevideoscreenshowingallgreen,thattelevisionreportersfilmingintheuseoftheinfra-rednightvision,leadingtothegreenimageis,ifwedonotusetheinfraredcameratechnology,thenweTVwillonlyhearthevoices,anddonotseeanyimpacton.Payattentionto:infrarednightvisioncameraonthepremisethatdigitalcamerascanbesenttothenakedeye,peoplecannotseeinfraredlighttoilluminatetheobjectbeingshot,soitstakenawaythereisacertainlimit,iftakenIssuedbytheinfraredcameracannotreachtotaketheobjects.WirelessIntelligentcurtain/wide-angleinfrareddetectorsusedbytheU.S.militaryinfraredsensorstodetectandsignalacquisitionforMotorolachipportfolioofsingle-chipintegratedintelligentcontroltechnology,automatictemperaturecompensation,micro-currentconsumptionoftheprovince,reportedthataccurate,non-reporting,detectionDistance,theworkofstability,reliabilityandsophisticatedappearance,generousappearance.Set-inoutboundpowerswitch,第8页securitycanbeconnectedtothepowergoout,morepowertoachieveresults.Itisbasedonthehumanbodyandtheinfraredspectrum,thehumanbodywhenthereceiverwithinthescopeofitsactivities,thedetectoralarmoutputsignal,widelyusedinbanks,storesandfamily,andothersafetyprecautions.Itisthehighreliabilityoftheproducts;someusinginfrareddetectionalarmusedininfraredsensorsandspecializedprocessIC.Partofthelaunchofhigh-frequencysounduseofsurface-to-date(SAW)frequencystabilizationtechnology,withthematurityoftheexternalcircuit,makingtheproductwithinfrareddetectionsensitivity,lowfalsealarmrate,high-frequencyfiringfrequencystability,launchbig-powercharacteristics.Howitworks:infrared-wideprobeoftheregiontoguardagainstisthestartingpointforitslens,distributed120degreesforward,12meterslongofthecone-shapeddetectingregion,inthisregion,aslongastheyareanimalheatintheregion,thedistributionofInfraredheatwillbeabsorbed.Headcurtain-Howitworks:infraredcurtain-typeheadoftheregiontoguardagainstisthestartingpointforitslens,thedistributionof120degreesforward,12meterslongofthecone-shapeddetectingregion,inthisregion,aslongastheyareanimalheatintheregion,thedistributionofinfraredthermalenergywillbeabsorbed.PiezoelectricinfrareddevicesfromthemajorhighthermalcoefficientofPZTceramicsandtantalumlithium,sulfuricacid,suchastitaniumwiththreeGannfilterwindowfilmcomposeditinanon-contactformofobjectsdetectedbytheinfraredradiationenergychangesandconvertedintoelectricalsignaloutput.Theproductiswidelyusedinanti-theftsystem,automaticcontrol,automaticsensorstaircaselights,automatictoiletflushing,automaticHandheaters,auto-sensingswitches,anti-theftsystem,automaticsensortapsandotherproducts.Crystalinfraredsensorcanbeinstalledintheroom,findingoutthemovementofobjects.Wirelesstransmissionofthewaythroughthealarmsignaltothehostbythehostyouinatimelymannertoreporttothepoliceorreceiveinformationcentertosendalertsandaudibledevicesatthescenetoprotectyourpropertyfromdamage.Thecharacteristicsofsuchproducts:passiveinfra-reddetection;detectionofaclosedenvironmentofmobileobjects;applytoalargeroom,anarrowpassage第9页andstaircases,and;3minutestomonitorsleeptosavebatterylife;every64minutestoreportthehoststate;2Levelsensitivitysettings;petoptionallens;masktheuseofinfraredfilmadjustablecoveragearea;compactanddonoteye-catching;tamperswitch;estimatedbatterylifeof8-10years,anadditionalincreaseinbatterylifemaybeextended;battery14-18yearsoflife(2lithiumbatteries);batterylifeof8-10years(alithiumbattery).Uses:Astheautomaticdoorsoftheauxiliarysecuritydevices,automaticdoorscanincreasethesafetyperformance.HLC2701isdesignedspeciallyforsensingthemechanicalmotionspeedanddirection.Applicationsincluderotaryencoderoralineardisplacementencoder.Itisespeciallysuitableforopticalmouseintheencoder.Detectorforthemonolithicintegratedcircuit,includingtwoveryclosetothephotodiode,theamplifierandSchmitttriggeroutputunit.NPNoutputforthecollectorwith10Kpull-upresistorcanbedrivendirectlyTTLload.DetectorwithsensitivitytemperaturecompensationcircuitrytocompensatefortemperaturechangesintheLEDoutputpowerofthedrift.ICpackagingmoldinginadarkblackPlasticcase,infraredenergytransmissioncanbe,andtoblocktransmissionofvisiblelight.Thesensitiveintegratedcircuitsforeachwide-area0.203mm,high-0.381mm,between0.0254mm,spacefromthecentertocenter0.203mm,theoutsideedgetotheedgeoftherangeof0.432mm.Thecharacteristicsofitsproducts:thereceivingsideoftheplasticpackage;TTL/LSTTL/CMOScompatible;reverselogicoutput;linearorrotaryencoderapplications;aresolutionof0.229mm;sensitivitywithtemperaturecompensation.HoneywelllaunchedbytheinfraredsensorHOA1180firedbythespecialmetalcomponentsandcanposeaphotoprovidedbyDarlingtontransistorsandcontroltheoutput.Itcouldprovideoutputfortherealsignalandnoisesignalamplification.Phototransistoroutputwithfastresponsecharacteristics,andphotoelectricDarlingtonoutputwiththeadvantagesofhighsensitivity.Theproductissuitableforon-siteorextremetemperature-55Cto100Cstandardtemperaturerange,thesensorse