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GRE IssueIssue begin:.1. Agree or disagree?(1)The speaker asserts/considers that _. However, I disagree with the speaker for some reasons.(2) The discussion of the issue among individuals and in society as a whole has come into vogue during the last decade. In my point of view, I agree/disagree with the speaker for some obvious reasons./on the ground that./There are many instances supporting my view.(3) The speaker asserts/considers that _. AT the first glance, this opinion seems to be somewhat appealing/convincing, but further reflection tells me that I cannot agree with it for the following reasons.(4) The speaker asserts/considers that _. While this claim seemsplausible in the abstract, it ignores many practical problems. 2.Something should be done?1) Determining whether something should or should not be done could be weighed in many aspects. Different people have different answers due to their respective point of view. On balance, my view is that_(should be done?)2) This controversy describes the dilemma faced by many people in this era.结尾From what has been discussed above, we see that even though the dilemma still exists. It is not difficult to draw the conclusion that _. 3 ) The issue of whether _ should be done is a complex one, since it involves a conflict between _. In my point of view, the final judgement should depend on a case-by-case analysis of the two situations.Issue middle:|Model 1l1) First, it goes without saying that_. In order to see this point clearly, let us see an example.2) The first reason why I have such a view is that _. To illustrate this point clearly, we can see that _./ For example/For instance.3) The further reason is that _.4) Last but not least,_.Model 21) The first problem with this claim is that _ illustrating this point.2) There is an example to3) The second problem is4) The last thing I want to take a glance at this issue is that to see this point clearly, let us see an example;Issue last1) In sum, from what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that. 2) In conclusion, it must be explained that these three reasons sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole, thus becoming more persuasive than anyone of them. So, any thinking person must believe that. Issue sourceWhen Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result. Gates entered Harvard in 1973, and dropped out two years later when he and Alien started the engine of Microsoft. Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the worlds No.l University. However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows. Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world.We can learn from the experience of the great inventor Thomas Edison that sometimes a series of apparent failures is really a precursor to success. The voluminous personal papers of Edison reveal that his inventions typically did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from previous works.Mother TeresaMother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, dedicated the majority of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India, thus gaining her the name Saint of the Gutters. The devotion towards the poor won her respect throughout the world and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. She founded an order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, India dedicated to serving the poor. Almost 50 years later, the Missionaries of Charity have grown from 12 sisters in India to over 3,000 in 517 missions throughout 100 countries worldwide.Lady Diana Spencer, Princess of Whales is remembered and respectedby people all over the world more for her beauty, kindness, humanity and charitable activities than for her technical skills. MandelaMandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid. Nelson Mandela is one of the greatest moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africas antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality. Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, forms a transition from classical to romantic composition. Individual, Companies, Leadership and Internal control Mr. Lesson was accused of losing 1.3 billion dollars as a result of a riskyderivative investment with the potential of a 27-billon gain. The collapse ofBarings Bank in 1995 has been one of the most spectacular events in the banking world in recent years. Banks solvency and liquidity can be significantly threatened if speculative trading in financial derivatives is guided by a lack of adequate internal and external controls. There is evidence that such reasons are responsible for the failure of Barings in February 1995.Recently, many multi-national companies, such as Cisco and Yahoo, stimulate the employees morale by offering stock options to their employees. Stock option provides a chance for employees to become the shareholders of the company. As the result, the interest and profit of the company is tightly connected with the employees interest and income.Philip Morris, the largest tobacco company in the world, has been sued by government and many other groups for producing products that are harmful to health. The fines and legal fees that have resulted from the legal attacks against the company have cost the company substantial amounts of money.Bayer , one of the largest pharmaceutics companies in the world, announced that the company would cease production of one of its major products, because of the hazardous ingredients it contained. By doing so, the company suffers great loss on profitability, but gains strong public support and understanding, which can contribute to the long-term success of the company.Mitsubishi Motors had concealed significant defects in the brake system of Pajero, one of the companys major products, before apologized to public: Hundreds of car accidents were directly caused by the brake error. Thus, the company suffered a great goods return, losing not only the market share but also the confidence of consumers.Henry Fords factorv was so efficient that by 1926 a new model-T costonly $310, one-third the price of the original 1908 model.Discriminating services may cause misunderstanding and unpleasant result. The best example is Toshiba |, one of the largest Japanese companies. In 2000, the Company announced that among notebook computers it produced, one model had serious defect. Users in North America could choose either replacements with an upgraded model or full refund. However, no such offer for users in China. Chinese users were outraged at the companys discrimination and refused to use any of Toshibas notebook computers. What the company lost is not only the temporary revenue but also the consumers confidence, which contribute to the long-term success of the company.ColumbusIt took Columbus, the Italian explorer in the service of Spain who determined that the earth is round, over 3 months to sail from Europe to America. However, we can do so by air within one day.Issue syllabusPresent your perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views.1.People often look for similarities, even between very different things, and even when it is unhelpful or harmful to do so. Instead, a thing should be considered on its own terms; we should avoid the tendency to compare it to something else. (85)Do people too often look for similarities between things, regardless of whether it is helpful or harmful to do so? Should people avoid comparing anything to something else? he speaker believes so. In my opinion, people should avoid making wrong and harmful comparison. However, the speaker overlooks a fundamental and compelling reason why people must always try to find similarities between things.A. On the one hand, insisting on finding similarities between things can often result in unfair, and sometimes harmful comparisons.1) by focusing on similarities among all big cities, we overlook the distinctive character, architecture, ethical diversity, and culture of each one.2) Without evaluating an individual company on its own merits and performance before buying stock of the company, only because this company is in a prosperous industry, the investor risk of choosing a poor performer3) Education ;4) Racial discrimination: each individual should be evaluated on the basis of his or her own merits.B.On the other hand, looking for similarities between things is the only way that humans can truly learn something and communicate with one another- Developmental psychologists agree that we come to understand each new thing we encounter by comparing it to something with which we are already familiar. For example, if a child encounters a blue ball, the child recognizes as blue only by way of its similarity to the sky. Furthermore, without this association and a label for the concept of blue the child cannot possibly convey the concept to another person. Thus looking for similarities between things is how we make sense of our world, as well as communicate with one another.C.To sum up, I agree that finding false similarities and drawing false analogies can be harmful. Nevertheless, human must look for similarities between things in order to learn and to communicate.2. People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront are more complex and challenging than the problems faced by their predecessors. This illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience. (86)The speaker over-generalized the nature of contemporary problems, some of which are more complex and challenging than any problems earlier societies ever confronted, with others not, A. On the one hand, the speaker overlooks certain societal problems unique to todaysworld, which are complex and challenging in ways unlike any problems that earlier societies ever faced. The increasing interdependencepolitical, military, economic and environmental makes problems far more complex than analogous problems for individual nations. B. On the other hand, human face certain universal and timeless problems, which are neither more nor less complex and challenging for any generation than for preceding ones. Most of these problems are the ones that spring from the tailings of human nature.3. The best way to teachwhether as an educator, employer, or parentis to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.4. Moderation in all things is ill-considered advice. Rather, one should say, Moderation in most things, since many areas of human concern require or at least profit from intense focus.Should we strive for moderation in all things, as the adage suggests? My point of view is that moderation has undeniable virtues in general circumstances; however, worthwhile endeavors sometimes require intense focus at the expense of moderation. A.Lack of moderation leads to a life out of balance. Psychologists and medicalpractitioners have known all along: we are at out best as humans only when we strike a proper balance between the mind, body, and spirit. The call for a balanced life is essentially a call for moderation in all things.Example: Stress associated with a high-pressure job increased ones vulnerability to heartdisease and other disorders, thereby jeopardizing ones job and career.B. However, under some circumstances, and for some people, abandoning moderation might be well justified. Creative work necessarily involves a large measure of intense focus a single-minded, obsessive pursuit of perfection.5. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.6. Most people prefer restrictions and regulations to absolute freedom of choice,even though they might deny such a preference. In order for any democratic society to thrive, it must strike a balance between freedom and order. A.Freedom is precondition of any democratic society, and the desire for freedom spring from our fundamental nature as human beings. History informs us that any attempt to quell basic individual freedom of expression, of opinion and belief, and to come and go as we please invariably fails.B. Reasonable constraints on freedom are needed to protect and preserve that freedom. Some self-imposed rules and regulations are needed to keep the freedom.C. Without constraints and rules, we could not keep the democratic way of living, we would live in continual fear for our physical safety, the security of our property, and our personal reputation and dignity.7. Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyaltywhether to ones friends, to ones school or place of employment, or to any institutionis all too often a destructive rather than a positive force.As is the golden rule; Do unto others, as you would have others do unto you, loyalty is part of a universal ethos that we commonly refer to. Apart from its consequences, loyalty is clearly a virtue that all humans should strive to develop. A. Relationship between spouses and other exclusive pairs require some degree of trust in order to endure. Loyalty is part-and-parcel of that trust. B. Employment relationships depend on some measure of mutual loyalty, without which job attrition would run so rampant that societys economic productivity would virtually come to a halt. C. With some mutual loyalty between a sovereign state and its citizenry there can be no security or safety from either revolt or invasion. The society would quickly devolve into anarchy or into a despotic state ordered by brute force. D. Admittedly, misguided or overextended loyalty can amount to a divisive and evendestructive force.8. Conformity almost always leads to a deadening of individual creativity andenergy.9. Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate. Thus, any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted since it may well be proven false in the future.Position 1:We should not passively accept whatever is passed off as fact, otherwise, human knowledge would never advance, although undue skepticism might be counterproductive ,and even harmful.A. In the areas of natural science, the very notion of scientific progress is predicated on such scrutiny. Indeed the history of science is in large measure a history of challenges to so-called scientific factschallenges which have paved the way for scientific progress.Examples: Copernicus paved the way for the corroborating observations of Galileo a century ago, and ultimately for Newtons principles of gravity upon which all modem science depends.B.When it comes to the social sciences we should always be skeptical about what is presented to us as historical fact.Examples: Textbooks can paint distorted pictures of historic events, and of their causes and consequences, C.Admittedly, undue skepticism can be counterproductive, and even harmful.Position 2:The speaker goes too far when he recommends any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted.A. We must accept current notions about the constancy of gravity and other basic laws of physics; otherwise, we would live in continual fear that the world around us would literally come crashing down on us. B. Undue skepticism can also be psychologically unhealthy when distrust borders on paranoia. C. Undue skepticism would impede any progress when every notion or fact was distrusted. There would be no premise to be based on. D. Psychological knowledge informs us that young people should first develop a foundation of knowledge before they are encourage to think critically about what they are told is fact10. The true value of a civilization is reflected in its artistic creations rather than in its scientific accomplishments.The speakers claim that a civilizations value lie more in its artist accomplishments than its scientific ones is problematic. Scientific accomplishments are equally valuable as artist creation, if not more valuable.A. The first problem with the claim is that the comparative value of art and science lies largely in individuals priority. A person who is more emotional, or who has heightened aesthetic sensibilities, will tend to agree with the speaker. On the other hand, a person who is more analytical or cognitive by nature might tend to disagree.B. If the value of civilization is determined by the civilization itself, then the speakers claim begs the question. If a civilization choose to concern itself primarily with science, scientific accomplishments must be of greater