2017仁爱版七年级下英语各单元知识点总结.doc

七年级下英语知识点总结Unit5Topic1短语总结1.在学校大门口attheschoolgate2.来学校cometoschool3.去学校gotoschool4.上课haveclass/haveclasses5.步行onfoot6.骑自行车rideabike/ridebikes/bybike/onabike7.坐公交bybus/takeabus8.坐地铁bysubway/takethesubway/onthesubway9.坐飞机byplane/taketheplane/ontheplane10.坐小汽车bycar/inacar/takeacar/driveacar11.坐轮船byship12.坐小船byboat13.坐火车bytrain/onthetrain14.在我们组inourgroup15.一群学生agroupofstudents16.我们中的三个人threeofus17.在平日onweekdays18.在周末ontheweekends/atweekends19.起床getup20.睡觉gotobed21.早起getupearly22.回家gohome23.到家gethome24.去动物园gotothezoo25.去公园gotothepark26.看电影seeamovie/film27.看电视watchTV28.在晚上intheevening/atnight29.帮助父母helpparents30.做某人的家庭作业doones(my/her/his/your/their)homework31.在学校atschool32.知道,了解knowabout/learnabout33.校园生活schoollife34.一个美国学生anAmericanstudent35.在美国inAmerica/intheU.S.A.36.许多学生manystudents/alotofstudents/lotsofstudents37.很少veryfew38.吃午饭havelunch39.出去吃饭eatout40.在校期间onschooldays41.休息一会haveashortrest/break42.午饭后afterlunch43.在某人的业余时间inones(my/his/her/their)free/sparetime44.打篮球playbasketball45.踢足球playsoccer/football46.弹钢琴playthepiano47.弹吉他playtheguitar48.拉二胡playerhu49.去游泳goswimming/goforaswim50.去划船goboating51.球赛aballgame/ballgames52.一年四次fourtimesayear53.听音乐listentomusic54.读书readbooks55.看报readnewspapers56.看医生seeadoctor57.去图书馆gotothelibrary58.一周两次twiceaweek59.见朋友meetfriends60.每天everyday61.在七点半athalfpastseven62.一小会foralittlewhile/forashorttime63.晚饭后aftersupper64.吃饭havedinner65.吃早饭havebreakfast重点句型HappyNewYear!Thesametoyou.Yournewbikelooksverynice.Thankyou.Howdoyouusuallycometoschool?Iusuallycometoschoolbysubway.Howoftendoyougotothelibrary?Once/Twice/Threetimesaweek/Veryoften/Everyday/SedomTheearlybirdcatchesthework.(谚语)笨鸟先飞Work/Studymustcomefirst.工作/学习必须放在第一位！Classesbeginateight.=Classbeginsateight.Whattimedoestheclassbegin?/Whattimedotheclassesbegin?Wehavenomoretime.我们没有更多的时间了。Ihavefourclassesinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.我早上上四节课，下午上两节。Shegoestobedataboutaquartertoten.她九点四十五分睡觉。重点详解by+交通工具，表示使用某种交通方式，中间不加限定词，如果交通工具前有a,the,my等限定词，就不能用by,而是用in或是on.by+动词ing形式，表示通过某种方式乘坐交通工具：by+交通工具（bycar/bus/train/ship）takethe+交通工具（takethebus/car）on+大型封闭式工具（onthebus/train/ship/plane）onthetrain=bytrainonhisbike=bybikeonabike/motorbikein+小型封闭交通工具（inacar/taxi）inmycar=bycarIalwayscometoschoolbybus.Peopleshowlovetotheirmothersbygivingcards.Youcanbeagoodstudentbyworkinghard.巧辩异同onfoot与walkonfoot“走路”，是介词短语，不能作谓语，只作方式状语，位于句末。walk“走路”,是动词，可以作谓语。takethebusto=gobybusrideabiketo=gobybiketakethesubwayto=gobysubwaygotoonfoot=walktoIoftengotoschoolonfoot.=Ioftenwalktoschool.goto.bybike=rideabiketogoto.bycar=driveacartogotobyplane=flytogotobybus=takeabusto2.Itstimeforsth.“该做某事了”=Itstimetodosth.Itstimeforclass.=Itstimetohaveclass.=Itstimeforhavingclass.3.look+adj(look感官动词,系动词)看起来Hismotherlooksveryyoung.Theylookverycute.Herdresslooksverynice.Youlookverycoolinthiscoat.look的短语lookthesame看起来一样looklike看起来像lookfor寻找lookafter=takecareof照顾，照料lookaround/about四处看看，四下环顾;lookback回头看;回顾;lookout当心，小心，留神;lookthrough浏览，仔细查看；lookup查寻，查阅;抬头看4.dooneshomework做家庭作业（注：ones要随主语的变化而变化，常用形容词性物主代词my,your,their,our,his,her等）。domyhomeworkatschool在学校做作业5.wanttodosth.“想做某事”，want后接动词不定式作宾语。knowabout“了解，知道关于”。wewanttoknowabouttheschoollifeofAmericanstudents.我们想了解一下美国学生的学校生活。6.巧辩异同afew+可数名词（肯定）；一点，一些；few+可数名词：（否定）很少,几乎没有alittle+不可数名词（肯定）；一点，一些；little+不可数名词：（否定）很少,几乎没有little和few作形容词用，都表示“几乎没有”,强调少;alittle和afew强调有一些。e.g.Hehasafewfriends.他有几个朋友。Hehasfewfriends.他几乎没有朋友。e.g.IcanspeakonlyalittleChinese.Theyhaslittlemoney.他们没有什麽钱alittle与little也可以用作副词，表示“有点”“稍稍”表示“很少”e.g.CanyouspeakEnglish?-Yes,butonlyalittle.Thisbookisalittlemoredifficultthanthatone.（可修饰形容词比较级）Shesleptlittlelastnight.昨天晚上，她没有怎么睡觉。7.go+v.-ing表示去做某事，类似：gofishing去钓鱼goshopping去买东西goboating去划船goskating去滑冰goswimming去游泳andsoon“等等”，表示还有很多。Theyoftenplaybasketballorcoccer,goswimmingandsoon.8.(1).Howoften多久一次（对频度进行提问）答语常用频度副词alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomnever等或单位时间内的次数，表示频率的短语：次数+单位时间e.g.:onceaweek一周一次twiceamonth每月两次threetimesayear每年三次Howoftendoyougotothelibrary?你多久去一次图书馆？-once/twice/threetimes/fourtimesaweek/month/year(2).Howfar多远（表示距离）Howfarisitfromheretothezoo?-Its6kilometers.(3).Howlong多长（对时间进行提问，持续多长时间（多久）/东西的长度（多长）Howlongdidhestayhere?Abouttwoweeks.Howlongistheriver?About500km.(4).Howsoon再过多久，主要用来表示对将来一段时间的提问。常用“in+时间段”来回答。Howsoonwillhebeback?Inanhour.9.over(形容词)School/Classisover.Whattimeistheclassover?10.begin现在分词:beginning过去式:beganWhattimedoestheclassbegin?begintodosthbegindoingsthHebeginstowritealetter.=Hebeginswritingaletter.如果begin本身为分词，只能用begintodosthHeisbeginningtorun.11.listento听（动作），hear听见(结果)冠词用法1.弹乐器前要带定冠词the,而进行球类运动则不带the。play+棋类/球类/牌下棋，打球playsoccer/basketballplaythe+西洋乐器弹/拉乐器playtheguitar/piano2.序数词，前面要用定冠词the。onthesecondfloor3.三餐前面不用冠词。havebreakfast/lunch/supper一般现在时语法讲解一般现在时表示：（常与频度副词never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等连用）（1）现在所处的状态。Janeisatschool.（2）经常或习惯性的动作。Ioftengotoschoolbybus.（3）主语具备的性格和能力。Helikesplayingfootball.（4）客观真理。Theearthgoesroundthesun.常用的时间状语：often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday等等。行为动词的一般现在时，助动词是do/dont和does/doesnt.当主语是第一、二人称和所有复数形式时，行为动词用原形。肯定式：Igotoschoolonfoot.否定式：Idontgotoschoolonfoot.疑问式：Doyougotoschoolonfoot?Yes,Ido.No,Idont.当主语是第三人称单数时，动词用第三人称单数形式，在词尾加-s或-es。肯定式：Hegoestoworkbybus.否定式：Hedoesntgotoworkbybus.疑问式：Doeshegotoworkbybus?Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesnt.Unit5Topic2(一)重要单词：1.borrow:指主语借入borrowsth.fromsb.e.gYoucanborrowthisbookfromthelibrary.MayIborrowyoureraser?lend:指主语借出lendsth.tosb./lendsb.sth.e.gCanyoulendyourcartome?Theyoftenlendustheirball.2.keepkeep和borrow,lend的意思一样,都是表示借的意思,区别是borrow和lend是瞬间动词,而keep是延续性动词,表示借一段时间,后常跟上一段时间e.gYoumaykeepthisbookfortwoweeks.借进borrow借出lend借多久keep3.find和lookforfind:找到,发现,强调结果lookfor寻找,强调过程e.gImlookingformyshoeseverywhere,butIcannotfindit.4.returnreturn:归还=givebackreturnsthtosb=givesthbacktosbe.gPleasereturnthisbooktoSteve=pleasegivebackthisbooktoSteve.e.gHewillreturnfromAmericanextmonth.5.ontime:准时,强调不早不迟到达intime:及时,强调在规定的时间以前到达e.gWemustgotoworkontime.Thestudentscangetthereintime.6.Japanese:adj日本的,日本人的,日语的n.日本人,日语当Japanese表示日本人时,是可数名词,单复数同形(与Chinese用法相同)e.gTwoJapaneseandthreeChineseareswimmingintheswimmingpool.7.also与too两个都表是“也”的意思,also用在句中,too用在句末e.gHelenisalsoastudent.Ihavelonghairandshehaslonghair,too.8plann.平面图v.计划plantodosth重点短语：1.makecards制作卡片2.ontheplayground在操场上3.inthelibrary在图书馆4.inthegym在体育馆5.ontheshelf在书架上（shelves复数）6.attheLostandFound在失物招领处7.cleantheroom打扫房间8.haveasoccergame举行足球比赛9.haveanEnglishclass上英语课10.writealetter写信11.someofhisphotos=somephotosofhis他的一些照片12.ontime准时/intime及时13.dobetterinsth在某方面做得较好14.showsb.around带领某人参观15.atthemoment“此刻，现在”,=now.16.planv.计划plantodosth17.bekindtosb=befriendlytosb对某人很友好18.ontime准时19.intime及时20.inthecenterof:在.中央21.nextto在什么隔壁,在什么旁边22.atthebackof在.后面(外部后面)23.infrontof.在.前面(外部后面)24.behind在.后面(内部后面)25.inthefrontof在.前面(内部后面)26.ontheleft在左边27.ontheright在右边28.Showsbaround领某人参观29.betweenand在.与.之间30.from.to从.到.31.Ontheshelf在架子上shelf复数形式是shelves32.dobetterinsth/doingsth在方面做的更好dowellinsth/doingsth在.做得好begoodatsth/doingsth在.方面擅长33.atthemoment现在,此刻34.playcomputergames玩电脑游戏35.afew几个36.theGreatWall长城学科名词：政治 语文 数学 英语 历史 地理 生物 音乐 体育 美术politicsChinesemathEnglishhistorygeographybiologymusicP.E.Art一周名词：星期日星期一星期二星期三星期四星期五星期六SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday重点句型1.Whatareyoudoing?-Heiscleaningthedormitory.2.Areyoudoingyourhomework?Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.3.HowlongcanIkeepthem?Twoweeks.4.Thankyou.-Itsapleasure.=Apleasure=Mypleasure.别客气。5.Sorry,Idonthaveany.Thankyouallthesame.仍然感谢你。重点详解1.巧辩异同gotobed“上床”“就寝”Ioftengotobedatten.gotosleep“入睡”“睡着”LastnightIwenttosleepattwooclock.3.巧辩异同some,afew与alittle“一些，有些”三者都修饰名词。some既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。Wewantsomeapplesandsomewater.afew用在可数名词复数之前alittle用在不可数名词之前。Thereareafewbooksandalittlewaterintheclassroom.4.与how相关的短语howoften多常howmany多少howmuch多少钱howold多大5.Andyoumustreturnthemontime.你必须按时归还它们。Return意为“归还，回归”returnsth.tosb.把某物归还某人=givebacksth.tosb.returnto“回到”，相当于comebacktotalk“交谈”，常用的短语talkto/withsb.“与某人交谈”Mariaandagirlaretalkingatthelostandfound.巧辩异同talk,say,speak与tell(1) talk“交谈”，表示通过谈话方式交换意见、消息等。(2)speak“说话”，强调开口发声，后常接某种语言。(3)say“说”，强调所说的话的内容。(4)tell“告诉”，有时兼含“嘱咐”“命令”等。tellatruth说真话，tellalie说谎,tellastory讲故事等固定搭配。7.lookfor“寻找”，强调寻找的过程；find“找到”发现,强调找的结果。IcantfindmypurseandIamlookingforit.8.Read,see,lookandwatchlook(at)看，表动作，不及物动词，后面需加介词at才能跟宾语，指看的动作，see看见，指看的结果，read常指看书、看报纸等，表示阅读watch看比赛、电视e.gIcananappleonthetable。Iwanttothefilmwithyou。，thereisakiteflyinginthesky。Pleasetheblackboardcarefully。Tvtoomuchisbadforyourhealth。9.Herearesomephotosofhis.这有他的一些照片。photosofhis是双重所有格。his是名词性物主代词，后还可以接名词所有格。afriendofmine我的一个朋友aclassmateofmybrothers我弟弟的一个同学10.巧辩异同also与tooalso放在句中，too用于句末。also意为“也”，常用于be动词和情态动词后面，实义动词的前面。e.gHelenisalsoastudent.Ihavelonghairandshehaslonghair,too。11.borrow:指主语借入borrowsth.fromsb.e.gYoucanborrowthisbookfromthelibrary.MayIborrowyoureraser?lend:指主语借出lendsth.tosb./lendsb.sth.e.gCanyoulendyourcartome?Theyoftenlendustheirball.keep和borrow,lend的意思一样,都是表示借的意思,区别是borrow和lend是瞬间动词/,短暂性动词，不能跟一段时间连用,而keep是延续性动词,表示借一段时间,后常跟一段时间e.gYoumaykeepthisbookfortwoweeks.borrow借进lend借出keep借多久14.ontime:准时,强调不早不迟到达e.gWime:及时,强调在规定的时间以前到达Thestudentscangetthereintime.15.Japanese:adj日本的,日本人的,日语的n.日本人,日语当Japanese表示日本人时,是可数名词,单复数同形(与Chinese用法相同)e.gTwoJapaneseandthreeChineseareswimmingintheswimmingpool.重要句型总结Whatsin+sth表示哪里有什么东西e.gWhatsinyourpurse?钱包里有什么东西?Whatelse还有别的什么么?else:别的,其它的Whatelsedoyouhave?Whoelse还有别的什么人么?Whereelse还有别的什么地方么?else除了可以放在疑问词what,who,where等后面，还可以放在不定代词something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody后面e.gIdonthaveanythingelsetodo.Icantseeanybodyelseintheroom.3.Herearesomephotosofhis.名词Of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格-双重所有格e.gafriendofSams萨姆的一个朋友afriendofmine我的一个朋友4.lovedoingsth习惯性的爱好和习惯lovetodosth一次性的动作或目前想做的事e.gShelovesreadinginbed.Ilovetogoswimmingtoday.“Like+动词ing”表示“喜欢做某事”Ilikeplayingbasketball.Tomlikeslisteningomusic.“Like+o+动词”也表示“喜欢做某事”，只是“Like+动词ing”表示习惯性动作（也可以说是爱好），而“Like+o+动词”表示一次性或短暂性的OurPEteacherlikesswimming.(表示爱好)Helikesplayingbasketball,buttodayhedoesntliketoplaybasketball.他爱好打篮球（爱好），但是今天他没去打篮球（短暂性的）。现在进行时语法讲解1.现在进行时表示：现在进行时表示正在发生或进行的动作,可与now=atthemoment现在,look看,listen听等时间状语连用e.gImreadingabooknow.(2)现在进行时表示当前一段时间内一直进行的动作e.gTheyreworkingonafarmthisweek.(3)某些行为动词的现在进行时形式可以表示将来,常常有意图,安排或打算的含义,并且可与表将来的时间状语连用,到目前我们所学的这类动词有come,go,fly,returne.gTheyareflyingtoLondonthisafternoon.WearegoingtoHongKongtomorrow.Steveiscomingtomorrowevening.2.常用的时间状语：now,atthemoment,look,listen等。3.谓语动词构成：be(am/is/are)+v.-ing形式。4. 动词的-ing形式构成：5.现在进行时态的肯定、否定和疑问式。（1）肯定句:主语+be+doing+sthIamrunning.He/Sheisrunning.（2）否定句:主语+be+not+doing+sthImnotrunning.He/Sheisntrunning.（3）一般疑问句:Be+主语+doing+sth回答:Yes,主(代)+be/No,主(代)+be+notAreyourunning?Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.Ishe/sherunning?Yes,he/sheis./No.he/sheisnt（4）特殊疑问句:What+be+主语+doing?Unit5Topic3（二）重点短语1.Haveamusicclass.上音乐课2.attenoclock在十点钟3.beover(=finish)结束4.on+星期名词在星期几5.outdooractivities户外活动6.workon致力于，专心于7.learnaboutthepast了解历史8.itstimefor该干了9.befriendlyto对友好10.playwithsb和某人玩耍Playwithsth玩弄某物11.swimintheswimmingpool在游泳池游泳12.drawpictures画画14.everyTuesdayandThursday每周二和周四15.tellsbsth=tellsthtosb把某事告诉某人16.schoolnewspaper校报17.andsoon等等18.learnsthfrom从学到19.hardwork辛勤工作20.thanksbforsth/thanksb.fordoingsth因某事而感谢某人21.runontheplayground在操场跑步22.watchanimals看动物23.playsocceratschool在学校踢足球24.readabookathome在家看书25.havedinnerintheschooldinninghall在学校餐厅吃饭26.outdooractivity课外活动27.easyandinteresting容易又有趣28.difficultandboring又难又乏味29.befriendlytosb.=bekindtosb.对某人友好30.betweenand在之间31.learn()from向学习/从中学32.learningaboutthepast了解过去33.learnabout了解34.learnbyoneself自学35.fromto从到36.inthemorning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上37.onMonday在星期一38.onMondaymorning在星期一的早上39.tellsb.aboutsth告诉某人关于某事重点句型1.Whatdayisittoday？-ItsSunday.(在英语国家每周的第一天是星期天而不是星期一)2.Whatclassaretheyhaving?Theyarehavingamusicclass.3.Whattimedoestheclassbegin?Attenoclock.4.Whatdoyouthinkofmath?=Howdoyoulikemath?你认为数学怎么样？-Itsdifficultandboring.5.Why(为什么)doyoulikeEnglish?Because（因为）itseasyandinteresting.7.Whatsubject(学科)doyoulikebest?Ilikehistorybest.8.Atschool,myteachersandclassmatesareveryfriendlytome.9.IstudyChinese,English,politics,geographyandsomeothersubjects.（other泛指其他的，别的+名词复数another泛指又一个、再一个、另一个+名词单数theother两者中的另一个）10.Englishismyfavoritesubject.11. IalsolikeP.Eandmusic.=IlikeP.Eandmusic,too.(也)12.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutit?重点详解1.询问星期几用Whatday？回答：ItsWednesday/Sunday。与what有关的短语：whatclass什么班whatcolor什么颜色whattime几点Whatsthedate?是对日期(几号)的提问。Whatdayisittoday?ItsMonday.问星期Whatsthedatetoday?ItstheMay1st.问具体日期。Whatdoyoudo?Imateacher.Whatdoeshelooklike?Heistall/Hehasasmallmouth.问外貌Whatsshelike?Sheiskind/friendly.问性格。2.Howmany+可数名词的复数形式；Howmuch+不可数名词。Howmanylessonsdoeshehaveeveryweekday?3.in+时间段（inthemorning/afternoon/evening季节/月份/年份前也用in：inSpring/Oct/inSeptember，2008)in用于泛指一天的上午，下午，晚上等，也用于某个较长的时间，如年，月，季节等，还可以表示“从现在起一段时间以后”inaweekat+时间点钟点时（刻）（at6oclock）atnoonatnightatmidnightatthistimeofdayon+具体时间（具体日期、节日前onSep10th/WomensDay/rainyDay）在星期几常用on,在具体点钟前用at.4.Whatdoyouthinkof?=Howdoyoulike?你认为怎么样？Whatsonesfavorite?=Whatdoessb.likebest?某人最喜欢什么？Whichsubjectdoyoulikebest?你最喜欢什么科目？5.Whydoyoulikeit?你为什么喜欢它？-Becauseitseasyandinteresting.因为它简单而有趣。用why提问必须用because回答。Why?-Becauseitsinteresting.如果表示你为什么不用Whynot?或Whydontyou?befriendlytosb.对某人友好Myteachersareveryfriendlytome.注：friendly是形容词“友好的”“友善的”，而不是副词。7.alot=much“许多”，后接宾语时要说alotof也可以表示“非常，十分”。Icanlearnalotfromit.我能从中学到很多东西。11.YoumustlikeEnglishverymuch.你一定非常喜欢英语。must在这里表示肯定推测。12.Itstimefor(doing)sth=itstimetodosth.该做某事了Itstimeforclass.上课的时间到了.13.can+动词原形，它不随主语和数而变化。(1)含有can的肯定句：主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。(2)变一般疑问句时，把can提前：Can+主语+动词原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语+can。否定回答：No，主语+cant.(3)含有can的否定句：主语+cant+动词的原形+其他。(4)含有can的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他？14.may+动词的原形。（may为情态动词）一般疑问句是把may提前，肯定回答是：Yes，主语+may。否定回