2018中考英语1600词汇详解.doc

.中考1600词汇详解A1. a (an) art. 一个，某个，任何一个2. able adj. 有才干的；有能力的，能够的 反义词： unable n. ability 能力；才干；才能 adj. disabled 肢体残疾的be able to do sth有能力做某事 be unable（=not able） to do sth have the ability to do sth 有做某事的能力3. about prep. 对于，关于；大约；在.周围; adv. 处处，到处be about to do即将做某事 be about to do when + 句子 . 正打算做某事就在这时We were about to go when it suddenly rained. look about = look around环顾四周 3. run about 到处跑. What/How about + n. / pron. / doing? 用来征求意见a book about . 一本关于.的书4. above prep. adj. 在之上；超过；大于，多于; 上面的； 反义词：below above all 最重要的Above all, the work must be finished before nine by ourselves.最重要的是工作必须在九点之前由我们自己独立完成。5. abroad adv. 在外国 from abroad 从国外，从海外 go abroad 出国 study abroad 留学 news abroad and at home 国内外新闻6. accept：主观上“接受、认可“的意思，是收到并接受；receive： 客观上“收到”但不一定接受I received a lot of gifts on my birthday, but I didnt accept any.生日那天我收到许多礼物，但是我并没有收下任何礼物。7. accident n. 事故； 偶然 adj. / adv. accidental(ly) 偶然的(地)，意外的（地）. by accident= by chance = accidentally 意外地，偶然地 a traffic accident 交通事故Many traffic accidents were caused by careless driving.8. according to prep. 根据;依照 （to是介词）9. achieve v. 实现；达到；完成 n. achievement 成就achieve your dream = realize your dream = make your dream come true实现你的梦想 Translate：你的梦想会实现的。 Your dream will be achieved./realized. Your dream will come true.You will achieve /realize your dream = make your dream come true.10. across prep.在对面, 横过着重指从路线或物体表面的一边到另一边（表面） across the country / the world 全国 / 世界go / walk across the street = cross the street swim across the river A new bridge will be built across the river. across the bridge across from 在的对面11. act n. & v. 行为；举动; 词性转换：1) actor/actress n. 男演员/女演员 2) action n. 行动；行为；3) active adj. 积极的；活跃的 4）activity n. 活动 （复数）activities take action（to do sth）采取行动 Lets take action now!We should take action to protect the environment. Lets begin with small things take( an active) part in : (积极)参加 I dont think everyone should take an active part in the social activities. act as 扮演.12. add v. 添加；增加；1). add up 加起来 add up these numbers 把这些数字加起来2).add up to合计 They add up to 25 他们加起来是253). addto把. 添加到. Please add some salt to the noodles.13. address n. 地址；住址 pl. addresses 14. advantage n. 优点；有利之处 (可数）反: disadvantage 劣势，缺点，不利之处短语：take advantage of 利用 Playing computer games has its advantages and disadvantages.15. advice n. 建义，劝告； (不可数名词) a piece of advice 一条建议 ask for advice 征求建议give sb some advice about / on向某人提出关于建议take/follow ones advice接受、遵照某人的建议16. advise v.t建议 advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 be advised to do sth advise doing sth建议做某事 advise that sb. (should )+ do sth. 建议某人做某17. afford v. 支付得起 (的费用等)，承担得起（后果）,买得起 常与can/cant 连用 afford sth/ afford to do sth. 1) I cant afford (to buy ) the house. 2)We cant afford to wait to take action now.18. afraid adj. 惊慌的；恐怕的 be afraid of sth./ doing sth. 害怕 . Dont be afraid of asking for help from others.不要害怕向别人求助。 be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事 Im afraid that . 恐怕(+句子) Im afraid so / not. 恐怕如此 / 不是这样。19. after adv., prep & conj. 在之后；晚于 after all 终究，毕竟 look after take after 长得像20. afternoon n. 下午；午后 in the afternoon在下午 on Monday afternoon在周一下午 on the afternoon of May 1在的下午 on a cold winter afternoon 21. again adv. 再一次；加之，此外; again = once more again and again= over and over again 一次又一次地，反复地，再三地I called him again and again, but he didnt answer the telephone. 22. against prep. 1) 对着，反对 (反) be for 支持，同意If no one is against this plan, lets carry it out.如果没有人反对这个计划，那我们就开始吧。 be against sth/doing sth 反对/反对做某事 have nothing against doing sth. 不反对 play against与打比赛 fight against和打仗 2) 倚着，靠着 stand against the wall 靠墙站着 3) 相反，逆着 I ran against the wind 4) 违背（be）against the law/rules 违反法律、规则 against ones wishes违背某人的愿望 5) The storm beat against the window heavily.23 . age n. 年龄；时期； at the age of= at age 在岁时 和同岁 the same age as at an early age 在很小的时候 from a very yong age 从很小的时候 Teenagers should be educated to take care of themselves from a very young age.24. ago adv. 以前；以往； long ago 很久以前，从前： a moment ago. 刚才He was here a moment ago.他刚才还在这儿。 two years ago 两年前 He has studied in this school since three years ago.25. agree v. 意见一致；赞成；适合；n. agreement. 同意；一致；协议 反: disagree(ment) agree with + 人、意见、看法I dont agree with what you said. 我不同意你说的话。I dont agree with your idea/you. 我不同意你的主意。 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 He didnt agree to help us. 他不同意帮助我们。 be in agreement (with) 一致，同意26. air n. 大气；天空；态度 by air =by plane 乘飞机 in the open)air 在户外 take in fresh air 呼吸新鲜空气27 airport n.机场；航空港 an airport at the airport go to the airport28. alive adj. 活着，有生气的 keepalive 使.活着/使永存29 . all adj. & pron.全部的，所有的； 用法：所包含的数量：三个及以上 否定：none all day 整日 all kinds of 各种各样的； all over 遍布 all over the world all over his face 满脸 all right 行，可以 not at all 一点也不 all in all 总之 in all = in total 总共 all the time 一直 Thank you all the same. 仍然感谢你！30. allow v.准许；允许； allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 be allowed to do sth. allow doing允许做某事 Smoking isnt allowed in public places.31. almost adv. 几乎，差不多；将近 ( 同义词：nearly) Almost everyone knows about it.32.alone adj. 独自的；单独的；仅仅； 只 be alone + 地点 独自一人在. He was alone in the room. Leave sb. alone 把某人单独留下, 别理某人，别打扰某人 do sth alone 独自一人做某事 1) He lives alone. 他独居. 2)I finished the task alone. 3)This year alone, hundreds of children died from traffic accidents. 仅今年，33.along adv. & prep沿着；向前；共同，一起；along with = together with 和.一起，连同1.Yesterday I went along with my brother to the shop.昨天我和我的弟弟一道去了那家商店。2. He along/together with his parents has gone to America.get along (well/ badly) with = get on with 与某人相处融洽(不好)come along 出现 all along 一直，始终 (walk) along the street 沿着大街（走）34. aloud adv. 出声地；大声地 （强调把声音发出来） read aloud朗读 call aloud for help 高声喊叫求救35. already adv.早已；早；already: 完成时态；肯定句中；否定句中，表示“惊讶，不相信” yet : “尚（未），已经”：用于完成时态的否定句、疑问句中36.also adv. 而且；还1. 放在肯定句句中（be,助动词，情态动词后，行为动词前） He has also finished it. 2. 而且 = besides = Whats more 置于句首，后有逗号 It is very cold. Also,it is raining heavily. not only but (also). (连接主语，谓语动词就近原则) Not only Lucy but also her parents are going to take a vacation .37. although = though conj.虽然；尽管 不和but 同用在一个句子中 Although he worked hard, he made little progress. He worked hard, but he made little progress.38. always adv.永远；总是；经常 常用于一般现在时和一般过去时，表示动作发生的频率，用how often 提问 be always doing sth.表示赞扬、责备、憎恶等情绪 He is always getting up late.39. America / the USA 美国 American adj.美洲的；美国人 an American (city) North / South / central America40. among prep.被所包围；其中, 在.中间 用于“三者或三者以上之间” ，句子常用最高级He is the tallest among the students. be popular among / with 受的欢迎41. ancient adj. 古老的，古代的 在古代 in ancient times / days China is an ancient country 中国是一个古老的国家42. and conj.和；及； and so on 等等This book tells about food, fruits, dishes and so on. 祈使句，and +陈述句 （主语+ 一般将来时）Think it over and you will find a good way. both and (谓语用复数) 43. angry adj.生气的；愤怒的 （angrier/est） n. anger 生气 adv. angrily生气地be angry with sb. (at/about sth.) feel angry 44 . animal n.动物;牲畜 an animal hospital 动物医院45. another adj. & pron.别的;另一的； 三者或以上（不定数）中的另一个 Would you like another cup of tea? another + 基数词+ 名词 =基数词+more +名词 表示在原有的基础上增加 another two books = two more books 再要两本书 one another 彼此，互相46.answer v. 回答; n. 答案 ，回答 the answer(=reply/key) to the question answer my question = reply to my question answer the telephon接电话47. ant n. 蚂蚁 an ant48. any pron. & adj每一的;任何一个的. 49.anybody pron. 任何人;重要人物 50. anyone pron. 任何人51.anything pron. 任何事;无论何事52.anyway adv.不管怎样;无论如何 Anyway, you must work harder to get better grades.53.anywhere adv.不管在(到)什么地方54.appear v. 出现;好像,发生 n. appearance 出现，外貌，外表 （反）disappear 消失55. apple n.苹果 an apple an apple tree banana treesThe apples on his farm were picked yesterday.56. April n. 四月 in April on April Fools Day Transalte: 每年四月在我们城市都植树。57.area n. 面积;地区;范围58. arm n.胳臂;袖子59.army n.陆军;军队; join the army He joined the army two years ago. (be) in the army He has been in the army for two years.60.around prep.围绕;环绕;在四周/ adv. 大约 at around(=about) six oclock. show sb. around 领某人参观. look around 环顾，往四下里看61. arrive vi. 到达;抵达; arrive at +小地方/arrive in + 大地方 arrive home /here /there62. art n.艺术;艺术品 （an）artist 艺术家63. article n.商品;物品;文章 an article64. as adv., conj & prep 作为；同样地；与一样； asas(用于比较)与一样；not as/so asTom is as tall as his brother. 汤姆和他弟弟一样高。 as a result 结果：He works hard all day, as a result, he got a good mark in his English exam. 他整日努力学习，因此在英语考试中取得了优异的成绩。as long as conj. 只要，(同级比较)和一样长：You will do well in your English study as /so long as you keep on. 只要坚持下去，你一定能学好英语 。 . as well 也；肯定句句尾 My class went to the cinema and I went there as well.65.Asia n亚洲 Asian a & n. 亚洲人;亚洲的 China is an Asian country with a long history. 66. ask v. 问;询问;请求 ask sb (not) to do sth be asked (not) to do ask(sb.) for sth. （向某人）要、要求 ask sb. about . 询问关于.67. asleep adj.睡熟（的） fall asleep 入睡：Though it is 12 in the night. I still find it hard to fall asleep.尽管已经是夜里12点钟了，我发现还是很难入睡。68. at prep.在;在里 (短语见32P 98)69. attend v. 参加，出席（会议，宴会等） 他昨天没去上学。 He didnt attend school yesterday. 70. attention n.专心;注意 pay ( much/ no / tons of ) attention to (to是介词)71.August n.八月72. aunt n. 姑妈;姨妈;婶母73. Australia n.澳大利亚的 Australian 澳大利亚人，澳大利亚的74. autumn n.秋季； fall (同义词) mid-autumn 中秋 in autumn the Mid-autumn Festival 在中秋节 in the autumn of 2016 / on an autumn morning 75. avoid n.避开;回避，避免 avoid sth. / doing sth76. awake adj.醒着的 be awake (表示状态) He has been awake for half an hour.77. away adv. 向走开;逝去 be away (from) 是leave 的延续性动词 Translate: 他已经离开中国 3年了。 78. awful adj. 很坏的，讨厌的 an awful picture 一张难看的图画 adv. awfully What an awful smell!B1. baby （pl. babies ）n. 婴儿;幼兽;小型 a baby panda 小熊猫2. back n. 背部，背面，反面，后部 in/ at the back of the classroom 在教室(内部)的后面 adj. 后面的，后部的 the back cover 背面 the back door后门 adv. 在后，向后 walk back 往回走 give sth back to sb. = return sth to sb. 归还 get back / come back (终止性动词) 回来 be back (延续性动词) 拿回，取回get sth. back / take sth. back 在归途中 on the way back ( home / to)3. background n.背景;远景; 出身；个人背景。background music背景音乐 4. bad ( worse, worst) adj. 坏的, 恶劣的词性变化： adv. badly .坏;差;非常严重地 (worse, worst) be bad for= be harmful to= do harm to 对 有害 go bad变质 Milk goes bad easily in summer. What bad luck! 真倒霉！ Its bad manners (= impolite)to talk in class. 上课说话是无礼的。5. bag n.袋;包;囊6. ball n.球; 舞会 go to the ball 去参加舞会7. balloon n.玩具气球;气球； fly balloons 放飞气球8. bamboo n.竹;竹竿 pl. bamboos9. banana n.香蕉;香蕉树10. bank n.河岸;滩 ；银行；储蓄所； on both banks/ each (either) bank of the river在河两岸上 the Bank of China中国银行11. baseball n棒球; 棒球运动 play baseball12. basic adj.基本的;根本的;初级的； 基本能力basic ability 初级英语basic English 13.basket n. .篮;篓;筐 a basket of apples make five baskets 投进五个球14.basketball n篮球;.篮球运动 play basketball15. bathroom n. 浴室;厕所； 16. be (is,am,are) v.存在;发生;位于17 beach（es） n.海滩;沙滩 go to the beach/go to the beaches 去海边18. bear n. 熊 V. 忍受 ，生孩子 （bore,born）19.beat (beat, beaten) v. & n. 打;击;敲打；（心脏、脉搏）跳动；打败 1). He felt his heart beating fast when he heard the news. beat sb.打败某人 be beaten 2) The rain beat against the window heavily. 雨猛烈拍打着窗子。20. beautiful adj美好的;优美的; n. beauty 美； 美丽 more / most beautiful 21. because conj.因为；由于 ；because+ 句子；because of + 名词/ 名词词组 / doing 22. become v. 成为；变得 become became become become + adj. become interested in23. bed n.床 go to bed 上床睡觉 ill in bed卧病在床 lie in bed Dont read in bed. Its bad for your eyes.24. bedroom n.寝室 ;卧室25. beef n. 牛肉；菜牛 (不可数名词) beef soup / noodles26. before prep. adv. & conj.在之前；在前；以前； the day before yesterday 前天 常用于现在完成时 He has read these books before.27. begin v. 开始；着手； begin began begun beginning n.开端；起点；起源 beginner. at the beginning of 在开始的时候 at the end of. begin with = start with 以开始（后接名词，代词） to begin with = to start with 首先 begin/ st art to do sth begin/ start doing sth We can begin with small things to protect the earth.28. behind prep.在背后； There is a big garden behind the house. fall behind 落后 If you dont work hard, youll fall behind others.leave behind 超过，把落在后面 If you dont work hard, I will leave you behind.behind the time /age 落后于时代29. believe 相信；认为；猜想 词形变化：believable (adj. 可信的) unbelievable (adj. 不可信的) believe sb相信某人的话 believe in sb = trust sb. 信任某人的人品 人们相信. People believe that . / It is believed that .30. bell n.铃；钟 There goes the bell . 铃响了。 ring the bell .按铃31.below prep.在下；低于32. beside prep 在旁边；在附近 sleep beside the teddy bear.睡在玩具熊的旁边33. between prep 在之间；（两者） betweenand. 在.和.之间1）What is the difference between the two words?这两个词的区别是什么？ 2）There is a break betwween classes. 课间有休息。34. big adj.大的；巨大的 big bigger - biggest a big man = an important man 大人物，要人 Its not a big deal. 不是什么大事35 bike =bicycle n自行车；摩托车go to school by bike / on a bike / ride a bike to school36. bill n.帐单；法案 pay the bill结账，付账 37. bird n. 鸟；禽38. birth n.出生；开始；出身 give birth to生孩子 She gave birth to a healthy boy. from birth 从出生 at birth 在出生时39. birthday n. 生日；周年纪念日生日蛋糕 a birthday cake on my ninth birthday 在我9岁生日时40. biscuit n.饼干 (可数)41. bit n.一小块；少量 a bit of = a little + 不可数名词 一点儿 a little = a bit = a little bit+ adj. /adv. 的原形、比较级42. black adj. & n.黑色的 black tea 红茶 the girl in black 穿黑衣服的女孩43. blackboard n. 黑板； on the blackboard. 在黑板上 look at the blackboard clean the chalk off the blackboard44. blind adj.瞎的；失明的；盲目的 be blind to 对视而不见或看不到 The young man was blind to the accident. the blind 盲人 the deaf 聋子 the disabled 残疾人 （代指一类人） 45. block n. 大块，街区 v. 阻挡，堵塞 My home is two blocks away from the school.46. blood n.血；血液；激情(不可数名词) bleed v. 流血 47. blouse n. （女式）衬衫48. blow v吹气；吹走；刮; blow blew- blown The wind is blowing strongly tonight.blow out 吹灭；Close the windows or the wind blow the candle out.He blew out the candles in one go.49.blue n. 蓝色； adj.蓝色的；悲伤的 He is feeling blue/ feeling sad these days.50. board n.薄木板；牌子 a boarding school 寄宿学校 51. boat n.小船；船 v. 划船 by boat乘船 take the boat 52.body n. 主体；身体；躯体 1. body language 身势语； 肢体语言2. He does exercise to have a strong body. 53.book n书籍 ；著作；本；册. v. 预定；订（房间、车票、座位等） Have you booked a room in the hotel？ bookcase 书箱 bookshelf书架 bookmark 书签 bookshop /bookstore read a book 看书54.boring adj .无聊的；讨厌的 bore （Vt. ）-bored adj. 感到厌烦的 (人做主语)-boring= uninteresting adj. 乏味的，无聊的，令人厌烦的 （sth 做主语） be /feel bored a boring book be/get bored with sth 对某事厌倦的 55.born adj. & v 出生的； 出生 be born in + 年/月 be born on + 日期 be born with 天生具有 be born + adj. He was born blind.56.borrow v.借入；采用.borrow from borrow 的延续性动词： keep How long can I keep the library book?57.boss n.老板；工头 pl. bosses58 . both pron. & adj. 两者都；双方的 反： neither both 放在be、助动词、情态动词之后，实意动词前 We were both born in a poor family. both 放在人称代词后，做同位语 They both like reading books. / I like them both. both of + 人称代词宾格 both and.59.bottle n. 瓶；罐；奶瓶 a bottle of The bottle is filled with water.60.bottom n.底部；基底 at the bottom of61.bowl n.碗；钵; a bowl of 一碗 a fish bowl 鱼缸62.box n.盒子；箱；匣 V. 拳击 a box of apples/ two boxes of apples 63.boy n.男孩；儿子；小伙子 pl. boys a boy student ten boy players64.brain n.脑；脑浆；智者 shut off your brain 关闭大脑65.brave adj.勇敢的；无畏的 (braver,bravest) adv. bravely66. bread n.面包 （不可数） a piece of bread = a slice of bread 一片面包67.break n.(工间、课间、比赛中间的）休息 v. 打破；损坏 ，弄坏；违背( break broke - broken break down （机器等）出故障, (身体)垮掉 1）If you work day and night in a row, you will break down sooner of later. 2）His car broke down on the way to work.break off 中断 break the law/ the school rules违反法律 / 破坏校规 break chairs and desks破坏桌椅 break ones promise 违背诺言3）Weve worked 24 hours without a break.我们已经工作24小时没有休息了4）Someone was advised to take a break from running by the teacher.68.breakfast n. 早餐 before/ after breakfast 早饭前 have breakfast 吃早饭 .havefor breakfast,早饭吃.What a delicious breakfast! 多丰盛的早餐！69.bridge n. 桥梁；纽带There is a bridge over/ across the river. go th