雅思基础口语-精编版本.doc

雅思基础口语一、简介1、题型 口语部分 (10-15分钟)在口试中，考生将与考试官员进行面对面的交谈。通常是按照如下步骤进行：第一阶段Introduction and interview考官介绍自己并确认考生的身份,考官就熟悉的话题向考生提问。(4-5分钟 )第二阶段Personal long turn考官请考生根据卡片上的内容提示就某一特定话题发表1-2分钟的谈话, 考官随后追问一两个相关的问题 。(3-4分钟，包括1分钟准备时间)第三阶段Two-way discussion考官通过提问请考生讨论与第二阶段主题相关的更加抽象的话题。(4-5分钟 )2、评分标准fluency and coherence(流利性和连贯性), vocabulary(词汇) ，grammar(语法)， pronunciation(发音)6分标准fluency and coherence is willing to speak at length, though may lose coherence at times due to occasional repetition, self-correction or hesitationuses a range of connectives and discourse markers but not always appropriatelyvocabularyhas a wide enough vocabulary to discuss topics at length and make meaning clear in spite of inappropriaciesgenerally paraphrases successfullygrammaruses a mix of simple and complex structures, but with limited flexibilitymay make frequent mistakes with complex structures, though these rarely cause comprehension problemspronunciationuses a range of pronunciation features with mixed controlshows some effective use of features but this is not sustainedcan generally be understood throughout, though mispronunciation of individual words or sounds reduces clarity at times9分标准fluency and coherence peaks fluently with only rare repetition or self-correction; any hesitation is content-related rather than to find words or grammarspeaks coherently with fully appropriate cohesive featuresdevelops topics fully and appropriatelyvocabularyuses vocabulary with full flexibility and precision in all topicsuses idiomatic language naturally and accuratelygrammaruses a full range of structures naturally and appropriatelyproduces consistently accurate structures apart from slips characteristic of native speaker speechpronunciationuses a full range of pronunciation features with precision and subtletysustains flexible use of features throughoutis effortless to understand二、发音练习Pronunciation Test 11. beach 2. because 3. yesterday 4.famous 5. invite 6.library 7. nightlight 8. slowsnow 9. thicksick 10. saidsad Pronunciation Test 21. newspaper 2.industry 3. quitequiet 4. kind 5. Temperature 6.clothes 7. sandwich 8.thought 9.comfortable 10. looselosePronunciation Test 31.atmosphere 2.celebrity 3.affluent 4.synthesize 5.unique 6.photography 7.economic 8.gorgeous 9.resources10. sunbathing1. 长音还是短音 Sheet-shit sheep-ship heat-hit beach-bitch peak-pick food-foot fool-full2.r化在英美音中的差异car, bird, mother, here, air, poor, more, familiar, fire, player, our, brother, morning, employer, 3. 中国人错误的r 化panda, gala, idea, focus, salad, famous, banana, breakfast, society, formula, nervous, gorgeous, 4. 英美差异 chance, dance, answer, banana, laugh, half, last, master, cant, staff, fast.而balm, calm, palm, father, Chicago, saga例外。5. Hot Water hot, pop, mop, top, lot, shop, shot, God, pot Theres a bottle of hot water on the chocolate box. Im watching TV with Tom at 1 oclock.6. 变异的 t Letter-later Latter-ladder Better-water Hotter-master Motor-disaster Doctor-mister7. 放在一起时容易出现同化问题。I have an apple and five eggs.bed-bad-bide, let-lap-light, ket-cat-kite, hen-hand-hind, beg-bag-bike, fet-fat-fight, leck-lack-like, head-had-hide, beck-back-bike8. V-W Steven Williams is always very weak every week.invite, visit, very, every, video, vision, weary, whale, what, want, wife, swim, win9. th 和 S/Z Thought-sot Think-sink Thing-sing Thank-sank Then-zen They-zero 10. H-F 练习这个单词five, fight南方的一些同学可能会犯错。11. N组合 pen, fence, Ben, lend, rent, line, fine, nine, combine, Brown, downtown, round. 应该洋气一些。12. R road, rose, row, broad, morrow, borrow, proud, crowd, abroad, 13. L Cool, school, wall, talk, mall, always, table, culture, impulse. “了”字发音练习。14. L-N Not-lot, Know-low, Night-light, Knife-life, Nike-like it,15. 绕口令黑化肥发灰,灰化肥发黑。黑化肥发黑不发灰,灰化肥发灰不发黑。 四和十，十和四，十四和四十，四十和十四。说好四和十得靠舌头和牙齿谁说四十是“细席”，他的舌头没用力；谁说十四是“适时”，他的舌头没伸直。认真学，常练习，十四、四十、四十四16. 北方同学话音较重，建议说话时放轻。 比如：Do you know me? I am not a student. Just do it. You and me. 17. 单词重音interesting, accident, economy, economic, economist, economical, industry, industrial vegetable, newspaper, photography, temperature .18. Tongue twisterIf Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, wheres the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked. Mr. Will has five wives and each wife of Mr. Will has five wolves. We will wish to visit their wives and those wolves. I think this thin thread will go through the eye of this thick needle.19. 弱化与连读Part-time , but now, Ill, hell, whats, Wheres she? Do you want a beer? Want to go shopping? Give me an answer. three hundred years, It used to be , but that word is hard, You should take care of them. Kick back and relaxthe gap between the urban area and the rural area 20.句子重音I dont know where he is now. I dont know where he is now. I dont know where he is now. I dont know where he is now. I dont know where he is now. Tom is three this year. Tom is three this year. Tom is three this year. Tom is three this year.综合练习Value Your TimeA proverb says:“ / Time is money.” / But in my opinion, / time is even more precious than money. / Why? / Because / when money is spent, / we can earn it back. / However, / when time is gone by, / we can never get it back/ in any way. For this reason, / we can say that / time is more valuable / than money.But it is a pity that / there are a lot of people / who do not know the value of time./ They spend their precious time/ on watching TV, / drinking, / and even gambling.Money lost,/ little lost;/ time lost,/ everything lost. /We must keep in mind that / wasting time / is equal to wasting your life. / In short, we should / get into the good habit of saving time. Never put off until tomorrow /what you can do today. Remember, / laziness will bring us / complete failures / in our life / and careers.三、词汇1 学术词汇300Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalysis established occur approach estimate percent area evidence period assessment export policy assume factors principle authority financial procedure available formula process benefit function required concept identified research consistent income response constitutional indicate role context individual section contract interpretation sector create involved significant data issues similar definition labor source derived legal specific distribution legislation structure economic major theory environment method variablesSublist 2 of Academic Word Listachieve design potential acquisition distinction previous administration elements primary affect equation purchase appropriate evaluation range aspects features region assistance final regulations categories focus relevant chapter impact resident commission injury resources community institute restricted complex investment security computer items sought conclusion journal select conduct maintenance site consequences normal strategies construction obtained survey consumer participation text credit perceived traditional cultural positive transferSublist 3 of Academic Word Listalternative emphasis philosophy circumstances ensure physical comments excluded proportion compensation framework published components funds reaction consent illustrated registered considerable immigration reliance constant implies removed constraints initial scheme contribution instance sequence convention interaction sex coordination justification shift core layer specified corporate link sufficient corresponding location task criteria maximum technical deduction minorities techniques demonstrate negative technology document outcomes validity dominant partnership volumeSublist 4 of Academic Word Listaccess error parallel adequate ethnic parameters annual goals phase apparent granted predicted approximated hence principal attitudes hypothesis prior attributed implementation professional civil implications project code imposed promote commitment integration regime communication internal resolution concentration investigation restrained conference job series contrast label statistics cycle mechanism status debate obvious stress despite occupational subsequent dimensions option sum domestic output summary emerged overall undertakenSublist 5 of Academic Word Listacademic evolution orientation adjustment expansion perspective alter exposure precise amendment external prime aware facilitate psychology capacity fundamental pursue challenge generated ratio clause generation rejected compounds image revenue conflict liberal stability consultation license styles contact logic substitution decline marginal sustainable discretion medical symbolic draft mental target enable modified transition energy monitoring trend enforcement network version entities notion welfare equivalent objective whereas2 分类词汇一、日常话题1“自我”话题 关键词汇、短语和常用句型外形特征描述：tall，short，fat，thin，slim，slender，strong，etc内在性格描述： introvert，extrovert，open-minded，easy to get along，warm-hearted，stubborn，cool off,calm down，keep ones opinionsideas to oneself, self-conscious，shy，unsociable，uncommunicative，etc兴趣与爱好： collect stamps and coins，surf on the Intemet，chat on the web，traveling，read books，watch TV，go shopping，etc学习工作情况： full time，part time，student，employed，unemployed，etc常用句型： I like to dodoing sth，Im interested in，Im keen on，Im good at，I prefer，I enjoy doing sth，etc2 “家庭话题”关键词汇、短语和常用句型家庭成员：great-grandfather, great-grandmother, grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, wife, husband, son, daughter, older brother, older sister, young brother, young sister, grandson, granddaughter, etc. 家庭类型：a nuclear / small family小家庭a big / large/extended family大家庭a single-parent family单亲家庭 亲戚关系：grandaunt姑婆，姨婆；granduncle伯公，叔公，舅公，姑公，姨公；aunt 婶母，伯母，姨母，舅母；uncle 叔父，伯父，姑父，姨父；cousin堂表兄弟(姐妹)，cousin-in-law堂姐(妹)夫，堂嫂，堂弟媳，表姐(妹)夫，表嫂，表弟媳；brother-in-law 姐夫，妹夫；sister-in-law姑，姨，嫂，弟媳；son-in-law女婿； daughter-in-law儿媳；nephew 侄儿，外甥；niece侄女，外甥女；grandnephew甥（外）孙，侄（外）孙； grandniece甥（外）孙女，侄（外）孙女；grandson-in-law孙女婿；granddaughter-in-law孙媳妇；etc. 常用短语：feed / raise / support a family抚养家庭；found / start a family 建立家庭；family property家产； family financial situation家境;family history家史；family tree家谱；family origin家庭出身；family responsibilities家庭责任；family function 家庭功能；family relationship 家庭关系；family planning 家庭计划；family education 家庭教育；family structure 家庭结构；family ethics 家庭伦理；family consumption 家庭消费；etc. 常用句型：1. What do you want to say about your family? 2. How many people are there in your family? 3. Do you have any brothers or sisters? 4. Are you the oldest/youngest in your family?5. What do your parents do? 6. I grew up in a very close, loving family.7. I keep in touch with my family regularly. 8. I miss my family very much. 3“朋友话题”关键词汇、短语和常用句型常用词汇：acquaintance, affectionate, amicable, caring, considerate, emotional, enthusiastic, expressive, favorite, frank, friendly, generous, gentle, helpful, honest, humorous, ideal, intimate, kind, patient, reunion, sociable, sympathetic, talkative, thoughtful, trustworthy, etc.常用短语：a shoulder to cry on, an easy-going person, ask for help, be an understanding person, be friendly with, be on intimate terms with sb., be well-acquainted with, broad-minded, cheer sb. up, for the sake of friendship, have a bosom friend, have a large circle of acquaintances, help sb. out, keep friendly relations, keep/lose contact with, make friends with, reach an understanding, seek common ground while reserving differences, turn to ones friend when in difficulty, understand each other, warm-hearted, etc.常用句型： 1. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 2. What does friendship mean to you?3. What kind of people do you make friend with? 4. Why do you think friendship important to you? 5. What is the basis of friendship? 6. There is the difference between friendship and love. 7. Are you very good at keeping in touch with friends? 8. I like to make friends with people who are 9. What do you have in common with your friends? 10. How well do you communicate with your friends?4. “娱乐话题”关键词汇、短语和常用句型体育词汇：basketball, badminton, court, field, figure skating花样滑冰；golf, hiking徒步旅行；ice skates溜冰鞋；running, roller skating 滑旱冰；rowing boat划艇；stadium 运动场；swimming, swing秋千；table tennis, track, volleyball, windsurfing帆板运动；etc. 文艺词汇：ballet芭蕾舞；classical dancing古典舞；comedy 喜剧；dance hall舞厅;dancer, disco迪斯科舞厅；folk dance民间舞;light music轻音乐；melody优美的旋律，曲调；orchestra管弦乐队；pop music流行音乐； singer歌手；staff, stave五线谱; rhythm 节奏；score 总谱,乐谱; orchestra 乐队； conductor 乐队指挥； band 管乐队；solo独奏,独唱；duet, duo 二重奏，二重唱；trio三重奏，三重唱;quartet, quartette 四重奏，四重唱；quintet五重奏，五重唱;choir, choral society合奏，合唱； etc. 乐器词汇：(1) stringed instruments弦乐器：fiddle, violin小提琴；viola中提琴；cello大提琴; bass低音乐器； guitar吉他，六弦琴；harp竖琴，etc. (2) wind instruments管乐器：mouth organ口琴；flute长笛; saxophone 萨克斯管；trumpet喇叭;oboe双簧管；clarinet竖笛，单簧管,黑管，etc. (3) keyboard instruments键盘乐器; piano钢琴；accordion手风琴；electronic keyboard电子琴；etc 其它娱乐：acrobatics杂技；amusement park游乐园；bumper cars碰碰车；circus act马戏节目；fancy dress ball 化装舞会；假面舞会；fireworks焰火；floor show夜总会的节目表演；jukebox 自动点唱机；magic魔术； puppet show木偶剧；wire-walking走钢丝；etc. 常用短语：an outing at the beach, climbing the mountain, dancing at a birthday party, going for a walk, going swimming, going to the movies /concerts, meeting new people, staying out all night, etc. 常用句型： 1. Do you want to try 2. Id like to see the exhibition of modern art / painting. 3. I want to go shopping because 4. If it stops raining, we can play tennis / volleyball / badminton, 5. Lets go dancing tonight. 6. Lets go windsurfing 7. Shall we go to the discotheque this weekend? 8. Shall we have a picnic on the vacation? 5. “风俗话题”关键词汇、短语和句型主要传统节日： carnival狂欢节（狂欢节是一个大斋节前的节日，人们狂欢作乐并宴饮。狂欢节的日期根据复活节的日期推定，但必须是2月的星期一）；Christmas圣诞节（纪念耶稣基督诞生的节日, 12月25日）；Easter Sunday (耶稣)复活节 (3月21日或其后月满之后的第一个星期天)；Fathers Day父亲节（每年6月的第三个星期日）；Mothers Day 母亲节（在美国为五月的第二个星期日）；Thanksgiving Day (基督教) 感恩节（11月的最后一个星期四）；Valentines Day情人节（2月14日）；Lantern Festival元宵节；Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节；New Years day元旦；Spring Festival春节；etc. 其它词汇： Christmas cake / card / present / pudding / stocking / tree, Christmas Eve / time, colored lights, compliments, customs, fireplace, gifts, goodwill, habits, ham, privacy, ribbons（缎带，丝带）， rose, Santa Claus, shocking, tradition, Turkey, wreaths（花环，花冠），etc. 常用短语： appropriate dress, break (follow, keep up) a custom 破坏、(遵从，遵守)习俗；celebrate Christmas, cultural differences, culture shock, Eastern and Western societies, go “Dutch”, manners and customs风俗习惯； proper behavior, religious customs, social customs, the Thanksgiving feast, etc. 常用句型： 1. Custom required our dressing for dinner. 礼俗要求我们参加宴会穿礼服。2. It is an old custom that men tip their hats when greeting somebody. 3. It is the custom for the Chinese to take off their shoes when they get into a hall. 4. It is the custom to dye eggs at Easter. 5. Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. 6. So many countries, so many customs. 有多少国家，就有多少习俗；百里不同风。 7. Social custom vary greatly from country to country. 8. The celebration of Christmas is a custom. 9. Turkey and ham are traditional dishes for Christmas. 10. When in Rome do as the Romans.6. “城市生活话题”关键词汇、短语和句型常用词汇：apartment, banks, bookstore, building, cafeteria, capital, church, court, countryside, courtyard, district, flat, highway, hotel, house, hospital, junk shop旧货店；library, market, metropolis大都市；monument纪念碑；municipal市的,市政的；municipality市政当局；museum, newsstand报摊；outskirts, port, restaurant, school, scenery, shop, store, skyscraper摩天大楼；slums贫民区；stadium体育场；station, suburb, theatre, university, urban, zoo, etc.常用短语：art gallery 美术馆；barber shop, be up to ones neck in work 忙碌；botanical garden 植物园；city centre, city hall市政厅，市政府；city planning, densely populated, department stores, down payment 分期付款的定金；employment agency职业介绍；garden city, get ones hands full 很忙；modern buildings, modern industry, post office, public lavatory, public telephone, residential area, shopping center, snack bar, stock exchange股票交易所；traffic light, etc.常用句型：1. Could you tell me where the bank is? 2. Excuse me, where is the post office? 3. How do you like where you live? 4. Im an office worker. 5. I work for the government. 6. Lets go to the snack bar and get something to eat. 7. The mall is packed today. 8. What are the main problems of the city life? 9. When is the store / the bar closing? 10. Where is the Lost and Found counter?7. “交通话题”关键词汇、短语和句型关键词汇：airport, boat, bus, coach 大客车；conductor 售票员；driver, inspector检查员，稽查员；lorry 卡车 (美作：truck), passenger, plane, pedestrian 行人；ride乘车；ship, taxi, taxicab, traffic, trolleybus 无轨电车； underground, tube, subway 地铁；van 厢式货车；etc.常用短语：bus stop 汽车站；cargo boat 货船；commercial vehicle 商用车；double-decker bus 双层公共汽车；elevated railway, overhead railway 高架铁路；highway code 交通法规；minimum fare (of a taxi) 最低车费；open to traffic 通车；passenger boat 客船；private car, railway network 铁路网；railway transport 铁路运输；road user道路使用者；rush hour, taxi driver, cab driver 出租车司机；taxi rank, taxi stand 计程车车站； 出租车总站traffic jam交通拥挤traffic policeman 交通警察urban railway 市区铁路utility car 公共车辆； 常用句型：1. Are you traveling by train or bus? 2. Can you tell me about how long itll take to get to?3. Can you take us to the train station? 4. Do you know a faster route to ?5. How long is this flight? 6. How many stops will the train / bus make on the way?7. How much does a return ticket cost? 8. I want to buy a sleeper ticket to?9. Keep the meter running.继续打表吧。 10. Let us out here.让我们在这儿下车。11. What time will the plane land? 12. When does the next train/bus leave for?13. Where do I board my plane? 14. Where is the ticket counter?8.“网络”话题关键词汇、短语和句型常用词汇：browser(浏览器)，cyberspace(网络空间)，database(数据库)，dialup(利用电话线拨号上网的过程)，directory service(目录服务，名址服务)，DN(domain name)(域名)，email，firewall(防火墙)，hypertext(超文本)，Internet(因特网