初三代词(一).doc

辅导讲义授课类型C 代词基础用法概述及三种代词的用法解析（人称代词、物主代词、反身代词）C 代词it的用法详解T 能力提升授课日期及时段教学内容课堂导入Have you ever heard this song? 让我们随着音乐的节拍去探寻这首歌的奥秘吧Yesterday Once Morewhen I was young Id listen to the radiowaiting for my favorite songswhen they played Id sing along,it make me smile.those were such happy times and not so long agohow I wondered where theyd gone.but theyre back again just like a long lost friendall the songs I love so well.every shalala every wowostill shines.every shing-a-ling-a-ling that theyre startingto sing so finewhen they get to the partwhere hes breaking her heartit can really make me cryjust like before.its yesterday once more批注：让学生边听音乐边思考（可以看着歌词听），我们会发现歌词中涉及到了各类代词，让学生自己去总结归纳，老师做补充即可，既可以激发学生的兴趣，又可以发挥学生的主观能动性。一、专题精讲 知识点1：代词的含义和分类1. 代词的含义：代词是为了避免重复，用来代替名词或者名词短语的词。2. 代词的分类根据功能不同，代词可以分为八大类。 分类含义形式 人称代词表示我（们）、你（们）、他（们）、她（们）、它（们）的词主格：I, we, you(你),you(你们), he, she, it, they宾格：me, us, you(你),you(你们),him, her, it, them 物主代词表示物体所属关系的代词形容词性物主代词：my, our, your(你的),your(你们的), his, her, its, their名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours(你的东西)，yours(你们的东西), his, hers, its, theirs反身代词用来表示 “某人自己”的词myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves指示代词用来指代或标识人或事物近指：this（可用于电话用语）, these远指：that（可用于电话用语）,those疑问代词用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词who, whom, whose, what, which 不定代词表示笼统指代，不能确定指代具体哪些人或物much,little,some,any, none,neither,few,other,everything,someone,something,somebody等关系代词连接定语从句的代词that, which,who, whose, as, whom相互代词(考查较少)表示相互关系one another, each other批注：中考指导书上代词部分要求掌握的知识点包括六个：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词和疑问代词。所以教师要提醒学生一定要掌握牢固。另外需要注意的是这里的关系代词是在定语从句考点中重点强调的，所以不在代词部分具体阐述。最后，本份讲义专题部分主要是针对人称代词、物主代词、反身代词和指示代词的考点展开的，后面的几种代词将放在介词（二）具体阐述，这点是需要向学生说明的。知识点2：人称代词人称代词主格和宾格的区分要点：人称代词主格作主语，放在句首；人称代词宾格作宾语，放在动词和介词之后。做题时需要注意代词的位置，根据位置选择。如：I love my country.My mother is waiting for him outside.I dont know her. 批注：这里需要提醒学生，考试中经常会出现主格变宾格的题目，也是常考点，基础差的学生直接让其辨清哪些是主格，哪些是宾格即可。例题(一)：用所给词的正确形式填空1. There are lots of rivers in China, and the longest of (they) is the Changjiang River.答案：them解析：根据句意：中国有很多河流，他们中最长的是长江。这里of是介词，表示“.的”，介词后接宾语，用宾格，所以答案是将括号内的主格they变成宾格的them。 2. Dad, Mum asked you and _ (I) to do the cleaning at home today.答案：me解析：该题考查人称代词的宾格用法。题中ask是动词，动词后接宾语，用宾格。所以答案是将括号中的主格I 变成宾格me。例题(二)：单项选择1. Han Han is very popular among the teenagers. We all like_.A. him B.he C. she D. himself解析：本题考查人称代词中的宾格。这里like是动词，动词后接宾语，用宾格，答案选A。2. -Look ,thats Mike, your classmate. -Yes. Lets go and say hello to_. A.himB.heC.herD.them解析：本题考查人称代词宾格的用法。这里say hello to sb. 是固定词组，表示向某人问好，to是介词，后面跟宾语，使用宾格. 所以排除B。又因为Mike是男孩名而且是单数，所以答案选A。3. We have noticed the problems，and _ will be discussed at the meeting. A. you B. it C. they D. us解析：考查人称代词的用法。代替上文的the problems，是复数，所以是they，因此选择答案C。知识点3：物主代词1. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区分要点：形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特点，不能在句中单独使用，后面要跟名词；名词性物主代词具有名词的特点，可以在句中单独使用，后面不接名词。如：His parents are both office workers.This is my dictionary. Where is yours?My idea is quite different hers.批注：做题时，需要提醒学生观察代词后是否有名词，这是做题的关键。例题（一）：用所给词的正确形式填空1. Our house is a little larger than _ (they) and it has more furniture in it.答案：theirs.解析：根据句意：我们的房子比他们的大一点，家具比较多。这里是我们的房子和他们的房子比，所以是所属物品之间的比较，那首先要选用物主代词，其次这里后面没有名词，所以要选用名词性物主代词theirs. 2. May I introduce Mike, a good friend of (I) to you?答案：mine批注：名词性物主代词可用在of后面与of 共同作定语，相当于“of + 名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或一定的感情色彩。如：He is a friend of mine. 例题（二）：单项选择1. Lost in Thailand is a very successful comedy. Its favorite movie. I like it very much. A. hisB. mineC. herD. my解析：考查形容词性物主代词的用法。根据句意，排除A和C。my形容词性物主代词，常放在名词前表所属。又空后有名词movie，故选D项。2. Excuse me, is this _ new camera? Yes, its _. A. your; my B. your;mine C. yours;my D. yours;mine解析：本题考查的是形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的辨析。第一空后有名词，选用形容词性物主代词；后一空后没有名词，选用名词性物主代词。因此答案选B。3. This is not my Walkman. Its _. Mine is over there.A. our B. hers C. your D. my解析：考查物主代词的用法。选项中出现的都是物主代词，根据横线后没有名词，所以应该使用名词性物主代词。所以答案选B。2. 人称代词和物主代词的区分要点：人称代词指代的是人或物，而物主代词指的是人与人、人与物之间的所属关系。批注：做题时可以进行简单的翻译，一般翻译中带有“.的”就选用物主代词。例题（一）：单项选择1. If you want people to treat you nicely, you have to treat nicely, too.来源:学。科。网Z。X。X。KA. their B. they C. them D. themselves解析：根据句意：如果你想别人友好地对待你的话，你也不得不友好地对待他们。横线处应该填“他们”，用人称代词，所以排除A和D。其次treat是动词，动词后接宾语，用宾格，所以排除B, 答案选C。2. After Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize, more people began to read _ books.A. he B. him C. his D. himself解析：根据句意：莫言得了诺贝尔奖之后，更多人开始读他的书。书和他之间是所属关系。直接就可以根据句意排除A、B、D。答案选C。3. Have you got an iPhone 5? No, many young people began to say “No” to it because of _ follow-up service. By the way, I am a supporter of Chinese products. A. its B. its C. it D. itself 解析：根据句意：-你有iphone5吗？-我没有。更多人开始对这个问题给予否定回答因为它的售后服务。顺便说一下，我支持国产。its 一般是it is或者it has 的缩写；it是它；itself是它自己。根据句意，这里的它和售后服务之间是所属关系。所以选用物主代词。答案选B。4. Is this new book, Shirley? No, it isnt. Maybe its . A. your; hisB. your; himC. yours; hisD. yours; him解析：查物主代词的用法。形容词性物主代词后须接名词，名词性物主代词后不需接名词。第一道横线的后面有名词book, 所以用形容词性物主代词；第二道横线的后面没有名词，所以用名词性物主代词。故选A。5. This morning Diana invited _to _birthday party.A. I; her B. I; hers C. me; her D. me; hers解析：考查人称代词和物主代词辨析。句意：今天早上Diana邀请我参加她的生日晚会。本句中 invited 是及物动词，其后要接宾语，第一个空要用宾格人称代词，排除A、B；第二空后有名词birthday party，需用形容词性的物主代词修饰，排除D。选C。知识点4：反身代词的人称、性、数的选择批注：教师需要提醒学生的是反身代词的考查难度不大，但是是中考的常考点。反身代词的常考点一是人称和数的选择，所以要注重句子的翻译，特别要注意人称的对应和反身代词单复数的选择。反身代词的常考点二是一些固定搭配的选用。含有反身代词的常用结构：help oneself (to) 自便，enjoy oneself 玩的开心，teach oneself自学， say to oneself自言自语，lose oneself in 沉湎于, devote oneself to 奉献，leave sb. by oneself 将某人独自留下，keep a secret to oneself 保密，hurt oneself受伤，by oneself独自等。如：The little boy is too young to look after himself.The children made model planes by themselves.例题（一）：单项选择1. Hi, guys. How was your party yesterday? Wonderful! We had a big meal and enjoyed .A. themselvesB. myselfC. yourselvesD. ourselves解析：考查反身代词的用法。themselves“他们自己”，myself“我自己”，yourselves“你们自己”，ourselves“我们自己”。据句意“我们吃了顿大餐，玩得很开心”，所以选择答案D。2. Peng Liyuan, the new first lady, has devoted _ to charity activities over the years. A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself解析：考查反身代词的用法。这里devote oneself to sth.是固定词组，表示奉献于.,所以答案选D。3. Is this model plane yours, Susan? Yes, its mine. Its made by_.A. myself B. yourselfC. himself D. herself 解析：本题考查反身代词的固定词组by oneself。根据句意：那是我自己做的，答案选A。4. His name is James, but he calls _ Jim.A. his B. himselfC. him D. / 解析：本题考查反身代词的用法。根据句意：他的名字叫James，但是他喊自己Jim.答案选B。5. Help _ to some fish, my boy. Thanks. A. you B. yoursC. yourself D. yourselves解析：本题考查反身代词的固定搭配help oneself to，表示自便。先排除A、B。另外根据后面的my boy,说明是单数，因此答案选C。例题（二）：用所给词的适当形式填空1. Come and enjoy _(you), dear! Its my honor to invite all of you here.2. “Youre old enough, boy. Youd better do it (you).” My father said to me.3. It is too dangerous for the young children to play near the river by_ (they)4. My daughter is old enough to look after (she). She can stay at home alone.5. Sometimes teenagers should be allowed to make decisions by (自己).答案：1. yourselves 这是一道考查反身代词性和数一致的典型例题。由后句的“all of you”可以判断前面的反身代词 需要用复数。 2. yourself 3. themselves 这里使用到了固定词组by oneself，表示独自。 4. herself 5. themselves批注：1、2两题说明you这个词比较特殊，提醒学生遇到变反身代词时一定要考虑用单数还是复数。 题目3中出现了固定词组by oneself表示独自，同义词组有alone,on ones own. 在教学过程中，教师要提醒学生注意句型转换中容易出现这个知识点。如：他独自完成了家庭作业。可以翻译成He finished his homework by himself./ He finished his homework alone. / He finished his homework on his own. 2、 专题过关检测题（一）: 单项选择1. Reading more helps_ learn better. A. we B.our C. us D. ours解析：本题考查人称代词中的宾格。这里help是动词，动词后接宾语，用宾格，答案选C。2. -How was your visit to the World Park in Beijing? -Wonderful! We enjoyed _very much.A.itselfB.myself C.yourselvesD.ourselves解析：本题考查反身代词的人称和数的辨析。根据句意是我们玩的很开心。故答案选D。3. -Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? - _is OK.I dont care.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None解析：本题考查不定代词的词义辨析。根据后面的I dont care, 说明都可以。所以选择A,表示两者中任一个都可以。neither表示两者都不要；both是两者都要，但是题目中空格后谓语动词是单数的is，所以排除C；none表示一个都没有，不符合句意。故选A。4. -Can I have some more ice cream, Mum? -Sorry. There is _left in the fridge. A.none B.nothing C. something D.anything解析：本题考查复合不定代词的辨析。none 表示上文提到事物的数量一个都没有； nothing没有东西，表示什么都没有; something表示某些东西；anything 用在肯定句中表示任何事物。根据句意：-妈妈，我能再吃点冰激凌吗？-对不起，冰箱里没剩下的了。这里强调的是上文提到事物的数量一个都没有，故答案选A。5. -I dont know _ she is. -She is our new English teacher. A.whatB.whoC.whichD.when解析：本题考查疑问代词的用法辨析。根据答句“她是我们的新英语老师”可知，前句应该是对人姓名或身份的提问，因此答案选B。6. The teachers and the students _ came to visit Nanjing Museum are from England. A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whose解析：本题考查关系代词的用法。这里先行词the teachers and the students在后面的定语从句中充当主语。所以先排除C和D。其次，which只能指物，所以答案选A。7. Im afraid Ill fail in this exam. Come on, Andy. You must believe in _. Thats the secret of success.A. yourself B. himself C. herself D. myself 解析：本题考查反身代词的人称一致。根据句意：你必须相信你自己，答案选A。8. My parents showed _ some old pictures that brought back sweet memories.A. I B. me C. my D. mine解析：考查人称代词用法。句意：我的父母给我展示一些带来美好回忆的照片。给我展示了，应用人称代词，在动词show之后，作宾语，因此用宾格。故选B。9. It is a good habit of to read a few lines before going to bed. A. I B. me C. my D. mine解析：考查名词性物主代词的用法。根据句意“睡觉前读几行书是我们的（习惯中）一个好习惯”可知，此处表示泛指我们中的一个，故用名词词性物主代词，故答案应选D。10. The foreign visitors asked _ lots of questions about Chinese culture during the trip.A. us B.we C.ours D. ourselves解析：本题考查人称代词中的宾格。这里ask是动词，动词后接宾语，用宾格，答案选A。11. Whose shirt is this? Is it Toms? No, it isnt. _ is white.A. My B. Hers C. His D. Your解析：本题考查的是名词性物主代词的用法。因为空格后没有名词，所以选用名词性物主代词，先排除A、D。另外，根据句意，在讨论是不是Tom的T恤，所以人称一致，答案选C。12. Can I use your bike this afternoon? Sorry. _ bike is under repair.A. My B. Mine C. His D. Hers解析：本题考查的是形容词性物主代词的用法。因为空格后有名词，所以选用形容词性物主代词，先排除B、D。另外，根据句意和人称一致，答案选A。13. Is the woman a teacher? Yes. She teaches _ English. Ayou BusCour Dyour解析：本题考查人称代词的宾格用法。这里存在固定词组teach sb. sth. 教某人某物。teach 是动词，后接宾语用宾格。因此先排除C和D。另外根据逻辑，排除A选项。答案选B。14. - Sally, could you go and help your father wash the car? - Why _ ? Im busy now. Amy is lying on the grass doing nothing. A. me B.I C.him D.her 解析：句意：-Sally, 你能去帮你爸爸洗车吗？-为什么是我呢?我现在很忙，Amy正躺在草地上什么都没做。根据后文Im busy now，先排除C和D。Why me?为什么是我呢？这是口语中常用的一个句型，通常用宾格形式。15. I could look after _when I was six.A.herselfB.myselfC.yourselfD.himself解析：本题考查反身代词的人称和数。根据句中的主语是I，因此答案选B，表示我自己。另外，这里有一个反身代词的常用词组look after oneself照顾自己，同义词组是take care of oneself.检测题（二）:用所给词的正确形式填空1. Look at the strange thing. _(it) top is made of metal.2. We must think more others, we must not think only of (我们自己).3. His mother is a nurse. _(she) hospital is far from here. 4. If we always keep our worries to (we), things will get even worse.5. These are not our books. _(our) are over there. 6. Our English teacher has a good sense of humor. We all love_(he). 答案：Its; ourselves; Her; ourselves; Ours; him三、学法提炼1、专题特点: 本专题只涉及到代词中人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的用法。对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的考查在于理解并掌握人称代词、物主代词的用法，区别运用人称代词的主格及宾格；掌握名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”的用法。2、 解题方法：（1） 人称代词和物主代词的运用技巧：解题步骤：1. 根据句意选择用人称代词还是物主代词；2.如果用人称代词考虑用主格还是宾格；如果用物主代词考虑用形容词性还是名词性。 A. 首先运用口诀解题。主格作主语，宾格作宾语；空在动词前，主格填；空在动词后，宾格填没错；空后有人物，形容词性填入；空后无人物，名词性填入。 B. 然后翻译句子，检查答案是否正确。 C. 注意“动宾结构”及“介宾结构”（2） 反身代词的用法，记住以下短文。中：如果我独自居住，我会自己洗澡，自己穿衣，自己玩得开心，放松自己，给自己买点好吃的，但是如果我随便吃东西，我会伤到我自己，我不得不自学医学知识，照顾好自己。英：If I live by myself, I can wash myself, dress myself, enjoy myself, relax myself and buy myself some delicious food. But if I help myself to some food, I will hurt myself. I have to teach myself medical knowledge and look after myself. 3、 注意事项：（1） 部分人称代词和物主代词形式上会用相同，需要注意区分。如：his可以是形容词性物主代词也可以是名词性物主代词；her既可以是人称代词的宾格也可以是形容词性物主代词。（2） 进行反身代词的选择时，一定要注意人称的一致性和数的变化。因此，做题时一定要注重句子人称的单复数和变化。1、 专题精讲 知识点1：it, that, one的选择批注：该考点在近几年的中考中出现较多，也是一个较难的考点，教师需要提醒学生注意。区分要点： it指与前面已经提到的事物为同一物。简称“同类又同物”。如：The book is mine. Its very interesting. one 指与前面提到事物为同类事物。简称“同类不同物”，属于泛指。复数形式是ones. 如：-Who has a pen?-I have one. that常用于比较结构中，指与前面提到事物为同类事物。简称“同类不同物”，但属于特指。复数形式是those. 如：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter. 例1：The actors in this film played better than _ in that film.A. those B. that C. it D. this解析：根据句意：这部电影里的演员比那部电影里的演员表演的要好。首先，所填部分是代替那部电影里的演员，所以和这部电影里的演员属于同类不同物，而且是复数，所以排除B、C、D。因此答案是A。 例2： -Have you got any books on English grammar? I want to borrow_. -Yes, here you are. But you must return it by Friday. A. one B. it C. some D. that解析。one泛指一个，it常常指代前文提到过的一个，some指代一些且泛指，that特指那个，因答句中有it，说明肯定是单数；又因为句意提示是泛指的一本关于英语语法的书，所以答案选A。例3： I bought Tiny Times, a book written by Guo Jingming. Would you like to read _? No, thanks. I have already bought _.A one; it Bit; one Cone; one Dit; it 解析：根据句意：-我买了小时代，是郭敬明写的一本书。你想要读吗？-不，谢谢。我已经买了一本了。第一空就是指的“我买的那本郭敬明的书”，所以是同类又同物，选用代词it ;第二空指的是“和我买的书一样的一本书”，所以是同类不同物，又属于泛指选用代词one. 综合来看，答案选B。例4：-Mum, Mary bought a parrot yesterday. Could you please buy _ for me? - Sure. But you must take good care of_. A. one;itB. this;oneC. it;oneD. one;one解析：根据句意：-妈妈，玛丽昨天买了一只鹦鹉，你能给我买一支吗?-当然可以，但是你必须好好照顾它。one指代同类事物之中任一个，此处指a parrot; it指代上文提到的同一事物，此处指妈妈买回来的那只鹦鹉。因此答案选A。例5： I forget to bring a pen. Would you lend me _? A. one B. that C. it Dthis解析：根据句意：我忘了带笔，你能借我一只吗？这里要借的笔和前面的笔属于“同类不同物”，排除C和D。又因为这里是泛指，所以答案选A。知识点2: 代词it的用法批注：该知识点是初中阶段很重要的一个知识点，而且用法比较多，教师需要提醒学生特别注意。代词it的用法较多，主要的有： 一、单独使用1. 指代前面提到过的事物。如：This is not my book. Its Jims.2. 指代婴儿或不明身份的人。如：Someone is knocking at the door, please go and see who it is.3. 指时间、季节、天气、时间、星期或距离。如：It is ten oclock.It is sunny today.How far is it from your school to your home?2、 用在某些固定句型中（教师需要重点通过例题教授）1. 用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中： It is +形容词/名词+ for/of sb. to do sth. 表示对某人来说做某事是./ 某人做某事是.的。如：It is important for us to work hard.It is nice of you to help me so much.It is an honor for me to get the prize. 批注：当形容词描述的是行为者的性格品质，如nice, kind, good, wrong, clever, foolish, silly, careless, generous, selfish, Polite等，则用句型It is +形容词+of sb to do sth; 当形容词描述的是整个不定式的情况或者怎样，如important, necessary, impossible, possible, interesting, hard, difficult, easy等，则用句型It is +形容词+for sb to do sth. It is +形容词+that从句。如：It is necessary that you should be present at the meeting. It is time to do sth./It is time for sth./ It is time +that从句，表示到做.的时间了。如：It is time to get up.It is time for lunch.It is time that we go home.It seems that ., 表示看起来好像.如：It seems that he is very happy. It is ones turn to do sth.表示轮到某人做某事。如：It is your turn to sing. It takes/took sb. +时间+to do sth.表示花费某人多长时间做某事。如：It took me two months to write the article. 2. 用作形式宾语句型：sb. finds/thinks /makes it+形容词+to do sth. 表示某人发现/认为做某事是.的。如：I find it interesting to make model planes. I think it necessary to learn English well. He made it a success. 3. 用于某些被动句句型中It is believed/reported/said/considered +that从句.表示大家认为./据报道./据说./人们认为. 如：It is believed that he will come to the party on time. It is reported that the president will come to visit our city next month. It is said that the story he told us yesterday is true.It is considered that he must keep a secret to himself. 例1：The doctor advised Elsa strongly that she should take a good rest, but _ didnt help.A. she B. it C.which D.he 解析：根据句意：医生强烈建议Elsa好好休息，但是毫无效果。这里毫无效果就是指的前面的医生的建议，所以是考查it指代前面说过事物的用法，答案选B。例2：-Who is singing in the next room？ -_ must be Marie.A. It B. She C.This D. There解析：根据句意：-谁在隔壁唱歌？-肯定是Marie. 这里是考查it用于表示未知的人或物。所以答案选A。例3：All of us find_ necessary to take exercise every day.A. this B. that C.it D.them解析：根据句意：我们所有人都觉得每天锻炼很有必要。这里考查的是find it+形容词+to do sth. 的句型。 此处it做find 的形式宾语，指代 to take exercise every day. 所以答案选C。例4：We think _ necessary to protect the earth. A.it B.this C. that D.what解析：此处考查的是形式宾语it的用法。Sb. find it +形容词+to do sth. 意思是“某人发现做某事是.”,故答案选A。例5：Class 2 will go for a picnic. They made _6 oclock to meet at the foot of Mt.Tai. A. it B. that C.them D./解析：根据句意：二班将去野餐，他们商定6点钟在泰山脚下集合。本题考查代词it做形式宾语的用法。因此答案选A。例6：_ really generous _ the little girl to share her toys with other kids.A. Its, ofB. Thats, ofC. Its, forD. Thats, for解析：此处考查的是it做形式主语的用法。句中形容词generous描述的是人物的性格品质，因此用介词of。故答案选A。例7：How long _ to finish your composition? A. will it take you B. will take you C. it will take you D. you will take解析：本句是一个特殊疑问句，应用疑问句语序，因此排除C和D。根据句意：完成作文你需要花费多少时间？可知本题考察的是“it takes sb some time to do sth（花费某人一段