必修一unit3词汇学案含答案版.doc

必修一 Unit 3 词汇学案.单词讲解1. transport n.Vt. 运送；运输e.g. Beijing is trying to improve its transport system for the coming festival. 北京为了迎接即将到来的节日, 正在努力改善交通设施。The goods will be transported to Tokyo by air. 货物将空运到东京。【拓展】(1) transport还可作可数名词，表示“交通工具”。 e.g.It is easier to travel if you have your own transport.如果你自己有交通工具，旅行起来就方便多了。 (2) transportation n.运输; 交通。e.g.The railroad gives free transportation for a certain amount of baggage.铁路免费运送一定数量的行李。【练习】(1) 我的汽车正在修理, 所以我现在没有代步工具了。 My car is being repaired so Im _ at the moment. (2) 我出门通常乘坐公共交通工具。 I usually travel by_.【答案与解析】1. without transport ；transport可作可数名词，表示“交通工具”2. public transport；同上，名词交通工具2. prefer vt.更喜欢；偏爱 （preferred，preferred）（不用于进行时）【拓展】 sth.（更）喜欢 派生词：preference 偏爱；喜好 to do sth. prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事 sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 that+ _语气【 sb./sth.(_) do 】宁愿某人做某事注意：（1）A与B相比，更喜欢A prefer A to B（2）宁愿而不愿意 prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer doing A to doing B = would rather do A than do Be.g. Do you prefer cooking for yourself or eating in a restaurant? 你是喜欢自己做饭还是下馆子？ Their father prefers them to be home early. 他们的父亲宁愿他们早点回家。 I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination. 我宁愿写一篇学术论文也不愿参加考试。He preferred to die rather than become a traitor. 他宁死也不做叛徒。Would you prefer that I（should）come on Monday instead of on Tuesday? 你宁愿让我星期一来而不是星期二来吗？ 单项填空My sister singing dancing while I dance sing. （原创）A. prefers; to; would rather; thanB. would rather; than; prefer; to C. prefers; rather than; would rather; toD. would rather; to; prefer; to 解析：选A。考查固定搭配。prefer的搭配是prefer to do rather than do或prefer doing to doing；would rather的搭配是would rather do than do或would do rather than do，因此A项正确。 3. disadvantage n.不利条件；不便 =dis+advantage (dis 表示否定，相反，相对) 如：disagree, dislike拓展： have / win an advantage over 比占优势 take advantage of 利用（欺骗） at an advantage / disadvantage处于有利/不利地位 to ones advantage / disadvantage 对某人有利/不利e.g. You will be at a big disadvantage when finding a job if you cant speak English. 如果你不会讲英语，你找工作时就会处于非常不利的地位. She has an advantage over the other competitors because she has previous experience. 她比其他竞争者占有优势因为她有经验。4. fare 车费；船费；飞机票价；出租车乘客；饭菜 expense费用；花费；开支 fee（给专业人员如医生、律师等的）专业服务费；学费；（加入俱乐部的）会员费等e.g. a bus/taxi/train/ fare公共汽车费/出租车费/火车票价 fee-paying schools 收费学校 membership fees 会费 living/household expense 生活费/家庭开支5. persuade vt. 说服；劝说；使某人相信（暗示是成功的，如果未成功则用try to persuade）【原句】she persuade me to buy one. (Page 18)拓展： persuade sb to do sth. persuade sb into doing sth. 说服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sth. persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不要做某事persuade sb that. 使某人相信，劝服某人 of sth. 使某人相信e.g. Thank you for persuading my mother to let me join the army. 谢谢你说服了我的妈妈让我参军I persuaded him into doing it. 我说服他去做这件事。I persuaded Robert that the journey was too dangerous and he didnt go.我对罗伯特说那个旅行太危险,他被说服了,所以没有去。He has persuaded me of its truth. 他使我相信这是真的。派生词：persuasion n. 说服；说服力persuasive adj. 有说服力的,易使人信服的注意：persuade和advise的区别 sth. doing sth.persuade一词常指已说服某人，强调说服成功 advise sb. to do sth.advise一词则是尝试劝说某人,结果不一定如愿。 that sb. (should) do sth.e.g.I persuaded him to go home. 我说服他回家了。 Wh-从句 I advised him to go home, but he refused.我劝他回家, 他拒绝了。I advised waiting until the proper time. 我建议等到适当的时候。I advised her that she should wait. 我建议她应该等下去。He will advise you what to do. 他会建议你们怎么办。The doctor advised me to take more exercise. 医生嘱咐我多加锻炼。Note:“说而不服或说而无果”应该使用advise sb. to do sth. /try to persuade sb. to do sth. 。I advised/tried to persuade her not to go out alone at night, but she didnt listen to me.我劝她晚上不要一个人出去，但她不听我的。I had advised/tried to persuade him not to stay up late, but he still didnt go to bed until midnight.我劝他不要熬到太晚，但是他仍旧到午夜才去睡觉。【练习】1. Mr. Li no longer smokes now because his wife _him to give up smoking last year.A. suggested B. advised C. persuaded D. told 2. The businessman tried to_ me of his honesty and goodwill at first, but he turned out a deceiver.A. advise B. persuade C. remind D. understand【答案与解析】1. C。提示：advise sb. to do sth.意思是“劝某人做某事”，强调动作，尤其是表达“劝而不服” 时多用此结构；persuade sb.to do sth.意思是“劝服某人做某事”，强调结果。2. B。提示：句意：这个商人起初尽力让我相信他的诚实和善意，但结果证明他是一个骗子。此题用 persuade sb. of sth. 表示“使某人相信”6. care about关心；在意 【原句】.; my sister doesnt care about details. (Page 18)e.g. People here are thoughtful of others. They care about each other.这里的人总为别人考虑, 他们都互相关心。 She didnt care about anything people might say.人们说什么她都不在乎。care about表示“关心”讲时，用在肯定句中；表示“在意”时，用在疑问句和否定句中。【对比】 care for 照顾，照料；喜欢 多用于否定句和疑问句中，这有别于care about。e.g. He doesnt care much for music. 他不太喜欢音乐。Would you care for a walk? 你愿意散意散步吗? The children are well cared for in the nurseries.孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。【练习】1. Does your wife like tea? Well, she doesnt really _tea; she likes coffee better. A. care for B. care C. care about D. care of2. Earth Day is a celebration of life and our planet. It is a reminder that we need to_the world we live in and that we should learn to respect life and nature.A. care about B. think of C. take possession of D . refer to【答案与解析】1. A。句意为“你妻子喜欢茶吗？”“她其实不太喜欢茶，她更喜欢咖啡。”此处应该表示“喜欢”，故要用care for 2. A。提示： care about关心，照料； think of 想到； take possession of 拥有； refer to 涉 及到，参考。7. determine vt.下定决心，确定；决定，支配，影响；查明，测定【原句】She gave me a determined look the kind that said she would not change her mind. 派生词：determined adj.有决心的; 意志坚强的 determination n.毅力, 决心【拓展】 sth. 决定某事determine to do sth. 决定做某事sb. to do sth 让某人决定做某事that/wh- 从句be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事同义词组： decide to do sth., make up ones mind to do sth. 决心做某事e.g. Demand determines supply. 需求决定供给。 They have determined where the new school will be built.他们已确定这所新的学校将建造在什么地方。 She determined to go that very afternoon.她决定就在那天下午走。 My moms encouragement determined me to go on with my study.我母亲的鼓励使我决心继续我的学业。 He was determined to win the game.他决心要赢得那场比赛。【练习】1. _to train his daughter in English, he put an ad like this in the paper, “an English teacher for a ten-year-old girl.”A. Determined；Wanted B. Determined； WantingC. Determine；Wanted D. Determining； Wanting【答案与解析】1. A句意：他决心辅导他女儿英语,所以在报纸上登了这样一个广告，“招聘，英语老师，辅导十岁女孩”。如果我们说“某人决心做某事”，要用be determined to do sth.；第二个空用过去分词形式wanted,表示与teacher是被动关系。8. change ones mind 改变主意 make up ones mind 下定决心，决定 bear / keep sth. in mind 将牢记在心；记住 read ones mind 看出/读懂某人的心思 broaden ones mind 开阔某人的思想 broaden ones eye / horison 开阔视野e.g.I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it. 我已经下定决心要离开，不管你说什么我都不会改变主意了。翻译：1.我决心成为一名医生. 2.任何事情都不能使我改变主意.Ive made up my mind to be a doctor. Nothing will make me change my mind.9. give in投降；屈服；让步 【原句】she has made up her mind ,nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.(Page18)e.g. The rebels were forced to give in. 叛乱者被迫投降。You cant win the game, so you may as well give in.你赢不了这场比赛, 所以还是认输算了。Stubborn as he was, he finally gave in. 他虽然很固执, 但最后还是让步了。He has given in to my views at last. 他们最后接受了我的意见。【拓展】 give构成的短语： give off 发出；放出。 e.g. The apples give off a very sweet smell. 这些苹果散发出非常香甜的味儿。 give out 分发,发出(气味、热等),用尽,精疲力竭。 e.g. Please help me give out these test papers. 请帮我分发这些试卷。 Our food supply at last gives out. 供给我们的食物终于用完了。 give up 放弃(念头、希望等),停止,抛弃,认输,把送交。 e.g. He gave up teaching only two years ago.两年前他才离开教学工作的。 He gave the books up to her. 他把书给她递上去。 give away 赠送;捐献;分发（奖品等）泄露（秘密等）。 e.g. The old teacher gave away all his books to the school. 这位老教师把他的全部藏书捐送给了学校。The headmaster gave away the prizes.校长分发奖品。 give way让路;倒塌；折断。 e.g. Give way to cars that come from the left.给左边开过来的汽车让路。The ladder gave way and Larry fell to the ground.梯子断了, 拉里摔倒在地上。 give back 归还；恢复。 e.g. Please give me back the book I lent you.请将我借给你的书还给我。 give over 停止；交付。 e.g.I hope the rain will soon give over.我希望雨不久即停。We gave him over to the police. 我们把他交给了警方。【练习】1. This milk must be bad, for it is giving _a nasty smell.2. Both the man and the horse gave _after the long ride.3. All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given _and the search stopped.4. Defeated by many failures, he finally_.A. gave out B. gave in C. gave away D. gave off5. Jane tried to keep up a calm appearance, but her trembling voice_.A. gave her in B. gave her out C. gave her away D. gave her u【答案与解析】1. off 2. out 3. up 4. B。give in屈服 give out发出，分发； give away 赠送； give off发出。5. C。句意:简尽量保持一种镇静的外表,但她那颤抖的声音给她揭了底。give sb. away 意为“泄了某人的秘密”。10. attitude n.态度，看法【拓展】 hold / take a (positive/negative) attitude to / towards对持/采取（积极的/消极的）态度e.g. What is the companys attitude to/towards this plan? 公司对这个计划是什么态度？11. view n. 风景；视野；观点；见解 vt. 观看；注视；考虑e.g. The house has a view over the sea. 这座房子面向大海，视野开阔。What is your view on school punishments?你对学校的处罚有什么看法？The plan was viewed favorably.这项计划是受到称赞的。Several possible buyers have come to view the house.几个可能是买主的人来看过房子。 【拓展】 in ones view 在某人看来come into view 进入视野，看得见in view / out of view 在视野范围内，看得见 / 不在视野范围内，看不见in view of sth. 鉴于，考虑到，由于【练习】On the top of this mountain, you can get a wonderful of the nearby hills. （2010山西太原五中检测）A. sight B. view C. distance D. look解析：选B。get a view of为固定搭配，意为“看到的景象”。 .短语归纳：1.advantages and disadvantages 有利条件和不利条件；长处和短处2.means of transport/transportation 交通方式 3. ever since 自那以后4.dream about/of 梦想（做） 5. take a bike trip 骑自行车旅行6. persuade sb (not) to do sth. persuade sb into/out of doing sth. 劝说/说服某人（不）做7. graduate from毕业于 8. get sb. interested in使某人对感兴趣9. have(get) a/the chance to do sth. 有机会做 10.be fond of喜欢11.a determined look/expression一副坚定的神情 12.在高度，海拔为 at an altitude of13.give in to对屈服，投降，让步 14.be dressed in穿着(衣服)15.the setting sun 落日 16.find sb doing sth发现某人正在做17.changefor用交换 18.put up the tent 支起帐篷，搭建帐篷19.keep sb company陪伴某人，和某人一起 20.beneath the stars 在星空下21.做很有趣/好玩 It is great fun to do . 做多么有趣/好玩啊！(感叹句) What fun it is to do!22.twice the population of是两倍的人口 23.in high/low spirit 情绪高昂/低落24.in ones view/opinion 在某人看来，以某人观点 25.at midnight 在午夜26.weather forecast 天气预报 27.in detail 详细地，仔细地28.as usual 像往常一样，照常 29.对,的态度 the attitude to/towars30.at a , space 以的速度，节奏 31.make use of使用，利用32.at first起初，最先 33.be surprised to do做很惊讶34.go/run like clockwork 按计划进行，进展顺利 35.instead of代替，而不是36.travel journal旅行日志 37.look/feel like看起来/感觉起来像.难句解析1.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 这是一个复合句，主句“It was my sister who first had the idea”是强调句型，强调的是句子的主语my sister；where it begins和where it ends都是宾语从句，分别作介词from和to的宾语。整个句子可翻译成“首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑自行车旅游的就是我的姐姐。” 强调句型结构： It was / is + 被强调成分 + （Who） / that + 句子其他成分注意：在使用强调句型时，指人时可以用who或that，其他情况一律用that。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语等。e.g.It was my English teacher who / that helped me get interested in learning English.是我的英语老师帮助我培养了学习英语的兴趣。He met an old friend in the park yesterday. 他昨天在公园里遇见了一个老朋友.改成强调句型：It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday. 强调主语It was an old friend that / who he met in the park yesterday. 强调宾语It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday. 强调地点状语It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park. 强调时间状语【拓展】1)强调句的一般疑问句 结构： Is/Was it + 被强调成分 + that + 句子其他成分Was it your brother that/whom you met at McDonald? （强调宾语）Is it Tom that has borrowed your money recently? （强调主语）2)强调句的特殊疑问句 结构：特殊疑问词 + Is/Was it + 被强调成分 + that + 句子其他成分Where was it that you saw her mobile phone yesterday? （强调地点状语）How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow? （强调方式状语）3)强调从句It was because it was raining hard that I came home late. （强调状语从句）It was what you said that really made us excited. （强调主语从句）4)not until结构的强调 结构：It is/ was not untilthatIt was not until it stopped that we got off the bus. （注意：强调该结构时not until不能分开）5)强调时间状语和地点状语时与定语从句的区别It was in 1921 that our Party was founded. （强调句）It was 1921 when our Party was founded. （定语从句）It was on the farm that we practiced planting crops. （强调句）It was the farm where we learned a lot. （定语从句）表示时间或地点的名词前有介词时，一般为强调句型；前面没有介词时，多为定语从句。但应注意，有些表示时间的名词或短语在作状语时本身不需要加介词，也应视为强调句型。It was yesterday/last week that we chatted a lot on line.昨天/上周我们在网上聊了许多。It was not until she got home_ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A. when B. that C. where D. before答案：B判断句子是否为强调句的检验方法：将一个句子中的It was / is和who / that去掉后，若句子的剩余部分是一个完整的句子，就是强调句型结构。否则的话就不是。2. Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. insist “坚持；强调”这里的Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places是让步状语从句；that we find the source of the river and begin our journey there是宾语从句，用的是虚拟语气。整个句子可以翻译成“尽管她对到某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持我们要找到河的源头，并从那里开始我们的行程。”动词insist在表示“坚持某人应该”时，后面的宾语从句应该使用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形。【拓展】 insist on / upon (sbs) (doing) sth. 坚持（某人）（做）某事 that + _ 语气【 (_) do 】insist + that + _ 语气注意：若insist表示“坚持认为”这个意思时，后面的从句应该用陈述语气。e.g. Her government insisted that she (should) stay until she finished her degree. 她的政府坚决主张她待到拿到学位。Lucy insisted that she heard somebody in the house. 露西坚持认为她听到屋子里有人的声响。Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 迈克坚持说他没有偷任何东西。His parents insisted on his going to college. 他的父母坚决主张他上大学。I insist on taking proper food for this bike trip.我坚决主张携带适合这次自行车旅行的食品。【练习】1. Mr. Smith insisted that I _ his book within three days.A. returns B. returned C. had returned D. return 2. The man insisted _a taxi for me even though T told him I live nearby.A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding【解析】1. D。句意为: Mr. Smith坚持认为他会在三天内把书还回来。insist的意思为“坚持；强调”，后面从句的谓语动词常用should do。2. C。insist on / upon (doing) sth.句意为:虽然我说我家很近，但是他还是坚持给我一辆出租车.3.I want to pay the train fare, but my friend instead. instead & instead of同：instead和instead of都有“代替”的含义。异：instead of是介词短语，其后要接名词、代词或动名词等。但instead是副词，一般不跟其他成分，通常放在句末或句首。e.g.If we cant go to Beijing, well to go to Shanghai instead.如果我们不能去北京，那就改去上海吧。She wanted to go to see a film instead of staying at home.她想看电影，而不愿留在家里。Parents should give their children more advice instead of money.父母应当给孩子更多的忠告，而不是金钱。If you are not free, you may come another day instead. 要是你没有时间，改日再来吧。【练习】1. Did you go to the zoo? No, some of us went to the park _ the zoo. The others went to the cinema _. A. instead; instead B. instead of; instead of C. instead of; instead D. instead; instead of【答案与解析】1. C。句意是“我们有一些人想去公园而不是动物园，其他人想去电影院。” 详解见点拨。4. We put up our tent and then we eat. put up 支起；举起；张贴；建起；为提供食宿；提出e.g. Several tents have been put up to accommodate the party.（我们）搭起了几个帐篷来给这一行人住。Put up your hands if you have any question.如果有问题, 请举手。Commercial advertisements are put up everywhere.商业广告贴得到处都是。They are putting up several new buildings in that block.他们正在那一街区建几幢楼房。Yes, we can put you up for a night or two.是的, 我们可以安排你住一两夜。Id like to put up an idea for your consideration. 我想提个意见供你考虑。【拓展】 put aside 放在一边；储存；保 put away 放好；收好 put down 写下；记下；镇压 put forward 提出；推荐；把提前 put off 延期；推迟；妨碍 put out 熄灭；关灯；生产出；出版 put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加(体重) put up with 忍受；容忍【练习】1. In Disneyland, every year, much of the grass is replaced because Disney refuses to _signs asking his visitors not to step on them. A.