介词用法归纳78519.doc

实用标准文案介词（preposition） 又称前置词，是一种虚词。介词不能单独做句子成分。介词后须接宾语，介词与其宾语构成介词短语。一、介词从其构成来看可以分为：1、简单介词（Simple prepositions）如：at ,by, for, in, from, since, through等； 2、复合介词（Compound prepositions）如：onto, out of, without, towards等；3、短语介词（phrasal prepositions）如；because of, instead of, on account of, in spite of, in front of等；4、二重介词（double prepositions）如：from behind, from under, till after等；5、分词介词（participial prepositions），又可称动词介词（verbal prepositions）如：during, concerning, excepting, considering, past等。二、 常见介词的基本用法精彩文档1、 about 关于Do you know something about Tom？What about this coat？（怎么样）2、 after 在之后Im going to see you after supper.Tom looked after his sick mother yesterday.（照看）3、 across 横过Can you swim across the river.4、 against 反对Are you for or against me?Nothing could make me turn against my country.（背叛）5、 along 沿着We walked along the river bank.6、 before 在之前I hope to get there before seven oclock.It looks as though it will snow before long.（不久）7、behind 在后面 The sun is hidden behind the clouds.8、by 到时 We had learned ten English songs by the end of last term.9、during 在期间 Where are you going during the holiday.10、except 除了 Everyone except you answered the question correctly.11、for 为了 The students are studying hard for the people.12、from 从 I come from Shanghai.13、in 在里 on 在上面 under在下面 There are two balls in/on/under the desk.14、near 在附近 We live near the park.15、of 的 Do you know the name of the winner.16、over 在正上方 There is a bridge over the river. Tom goes over his English every day.（复习）17、round/around 围绕 The students stand around the teacher.18、to 朝方向 Can you tell me the way to the cinema.19、towards朝着 The car is traveling towards Beijing.20、with 和一起 Would you like to go to the cinema with me?学习这些介词时可以先记住它的汉语意思，然后参照例句来加深理解，并在今后的学习中加以灵活运用。三、 常用易混淆介词辨析1、 after/ in 皆可表示时间在之后，其区别为：after 1）表示“在某点时间之后”，用于将来时。如： Well go out for a walk after supper. 2）表示“一段时间之后”，用于过去时。如： My mother came home after half an hour.in表示“一段时间之后”，用于将来时。如： Well go to school in two weeks.2、at/in/on at seven oclock（具体某一时刻用at） in April /in April,2002（具体某一月份或年份用in） on April 5,2002/on the morning of Monday（具体某一天用on）3、in /by /with He writes in black ink.（用材料） The guard cut one boot open with a knife.（用工具） She always goes to school by bike.（用手段）4、between /among Can you say the differences between the two words?（两者之间） Premier Chou En-lai lives among the people for ever.（三者或三者以上）5、besides /except We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.（除之外，还有）全部计算在内 We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.（除之外）不计算在内6、on /over/ above There is a boat on the desk（在某物面上，与此物接触。） There is a bridge over the river.（在某物正上方，与此物不接触，或横在某物上，或覆盖在某物上。） She spread a cloth over the table. He held his heads above his head. （“在上”，强调“高于。”）7、on/ in / to Mongolia is on the north of china.（与中国接壤，不属于中国） Japan is to the east of china.（不属于中国，且不接壤） Taiwan is in the east of China.（台湾属于中国）8、since /forsince 表示从过去某一时间以来for 表示一段时间 I have been living here since 1982.（自1982年以来，我一直住在这里） I have been living here for 20 years.（我已经在这里住了20年了）9、of /from The desk is made of wood（看得出材料） Paper is made from wood.（看不出材料） The bread is made up of flour, sugar and milk.（由数种成分组成）10、by /on He used to go to school by bike.（抽象概括） He came to school on this bike yesterday.（具体到哪一辆车）11、of /for Its kind of you to come to see me.（既说明不定式本身特点，又说明逻辑主语的品性） Its important for you students to learn English well.（只说明不定式本身的特征）12、of /in This is the most interesting of all the stories.（从个体的集体着眼） China has the largest population in the world.（从总体概括着眼）13、of /about /on表示“谈及，论述” Do you know of American singer John Denver?（涉及浅层关系） I have never heard about him.（表示谈论等深一步的关系） This book is on grammar.（以为主要内容）14、through /past/across The new railway runs through the small town.（穿过） He walked slowly past the tall building.（从旁边经过） Mary walked across the park to do some shopping.（强调从一边到另一边）15、by/ with通过手段 We write with a pen.（表示较具体的事物） Theres nothing to gain by waiting.（表示抽象）16、despite = in spite of（介词） / although（连词）despite 是介词，后面接名词或动名词，不能跟句子although是连词，后面要跟句子。 Although I was ill yesterday, I still went to school. Despite failure in the exam, I still have a chance to win in the term.17、as /likeas 1）用作介词时意思为“作为，充当”如： She acted as an interpreter. 2）用作连词时 意思为“像一样；当，由于” As it was cold, I didnt go outside.like 用作介词，意思为像一样 John sings like a nightingale.18、by day（指白天）/ by the day（按日计算） I worked here by day and I am paid by the day.一、 3. 表示地点时 at, in, on 的区别5.表方位的介词in, on, to, off的区别 in 表示在境内. on 表示相邻或在边界上, 不在境内. to 表示在境外, 不接壤. off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方.Guangdong lies _ the south of China and Fujian is _ the east of it. Hainan is _ the coast of the mainland.二 表示时间介词1. at, in, on的区别1 The train leaves _ 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _ 5:40 at the latest. A. at; until B. for; after C. at; by D. before;around2 The old man died _ cold _ a cold night. A. from; at B. of; in C. of; on D. for; during3 The railway was opened _ traffic _ April 4, 1985. A. to; on B. to; in C. by; on D. for; onin ,on, at的区别和用法1） at 表示在某一时刻或短暂的时间。at one oclock（在一点钟）， at dawn（在黎明）， at sunrise （在日出时）， at noon（在正午）， at that time（在那时）， at the last moment （在最后一刻）， at breakfast （在早餐时）at dark at亦可表示 “年龄”、 “节日”等。at the age of twenty（在二十岁时）， at Mid-autumn（在中秋节时）， at Christmas（在圣诞节时）2） in 用来表示某年、某月、季节、上下午、傍晚等时间 in 1998 in May, in May, 1998in the morningafternoonevening， in the night（特指某一夜间，而at night表泛指的夜间），in the day（在白天）in summer in the twentieth centuryin modern timesin ones old age（在某人晚年） in ones teens / twenties/ thirties, in ones youth in the day time in one s life in the past inthose days in the future3） on用于某日或特定某日的早晚、上下午等。on Sunday（在星期日）， on October the first， 1999（在1999年10月1日）， on Monday morning（在星期日早晨）， on a cold evening（在一个寒冷的晚上）， on New Years Eve（新年前夕）on Christmas DayAt 9 on the morning of April,1976At 9 in the morning in April , 19762.in, within, after的区别和用法1） in 表从现在时间角度看将来，意为“在之后“，“过若干时间就”。 The project will be finished in a week. 2） within 表示期限,，意为“在某时间之内”。(将来或过去） He must be back within a week. 他必须一周之内回来。 3） after 表示 “什么时间之后”，后可接表某一时刻或某种活动的词。 The meal was ready after thirty minutes.三十分钟后饭熟了。 We left after the party.晚会后我们离开了。My father will be back from abroad in three days.He left home and went to the front after two days two days laterIll go and see her after three oclock.after+一段时间， 常与过去时连用after +时间上的一点， 常与将来时连用In the past, no villagers dared do that.In the pastlast few years, great changes have taken place in the village.4.during, for的区别和用法during 表示“在（某一段时间）内”，“在期间”，用于已知一段时间或已限定的时期或阶段。for 用来指延续一段时间。例如 I went to shanghai during the vacation and stayed there for 20 days.我假期里去了上海并在那儿呆了二十多天。5. by, till / until的区别和用法1） by表示到某时某事已发生或已出现情况，经常与完成时连用；till 表示行动或状态一直迟续到某一时间(肯定句中延续动词）。We discussed about the matter till/until midnight. 我们一直谈那件事，直到午夜时分。（midnight 指动作的终点）. You must hand in your term paper by next Monday. 你必须在下星期日之前交学期论文。 （不晚于星期一，可以是星期一，也可以是这之前某个时间发生）2） till / until 经常用在否定句中，译作 “到才”, 强调时间晚了。.例如 He didnt arrive until ten oclock.他直到十点钟才来。三、 工具、手段、 方式介词By sea by water by land by air by railBy bike by bus by taxi by plane by ship by boat by train by spaceshipIn the a plane, on a the train, on the a my bike, on foot, on a horse With + a the my +有形的工具或身体某些器官With a pen with our eyesBy in on overthrough 等多用与无形的工具或手段 by hand in ink on the telephone over the radio through the telescope使用语言， 原料， 材料用 in in English in blue inkIn this that the same wayBy thisthat meansBy means of With this that method常见介词对比on“关于”，学术性强：a lecture on computerabout“关于”，知识性或随便谈论：a discussion about the planbe familiar with sb./sth. 熟悉某人/某be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求be strict in sth. 严格对待某事 shout to 呼喊，向喊 shout at对吼，责骂at least 至少 in the least 丝毫，一点in the endat lastfinally by the end of到末止at the end of在结束时，在末端， in the way挡路，障碍，妨碍 in a way在某点上，在某种程度上 by the way顺便问一下 on ones way(to) 在路上after a timeafter some time过一段时间后 behind time迟到，过期 ahead of time提前，超前 sometime某时 some time某段时间，某一时期 sometimes有时 at a timeeach time每次 at one timeonce曾经in the air 空中，在流传 on the air播出for a momentfor a while/minute一会儿 for the moment暂时 in a moment立刻 at the moment当时 the moment/minute/second/instanceas soon as 一就be tired of 讨厌 be tired withfrom 因而疲倦be pleased with名词/what从句 对满意 be pleased at抽象名词 听/看到而高兴be known to sb.为某人所知 be known as 作为而出名，被叫作 be known for因而出名be busy with sth.忙于某事 be busy(in) doing sth.忙着做某事练习1、Could you tell me something _ UFOs? I am real