信息资源规划与管理课程论文——库存管理主题数据库

信息资源规划与管理课程论文库存管理主题数据库 信息资源规划与管理课程论文库存管理主题数据库摘要本文应用信息资源规划(IRP)的理论和方法分析并设计企业库存管理主题数据库。 本文以物料库存管理总体数据规划为核心，通过信息方法，研究与建设库存管理数据库。 本文章大概可以分为如下步骤1.分析企业库存管理的业务流程。 2.根据分析业务流程建立功能模块。 3.根据功能模块画出数据流程图。 4.根据数据流程图抽取出E-R图中的各个实体。 5.实现E-R图各实体之间的关系。 6.根据以上分析建立物料库存管理数据模型。 库存管理以成本控制为核心，以控制库存量为目标。 从采购入库到销售产品过程中实现控制库存量最优化、仓库利用最高效率以便获取更大的经济效益。 关键词库存管理功能模块数据流程图E-R图主题数据库正文背景随着市场竞争的激烈，科学方法化、正规有序化、快递管理企业资源成为企业发展的必经之路。 随着计算机业的发展，特别是Inter技术日趋成熟，ERP出现成为必然。 库存管理能够极大地提高人事劳资管理的效率，也是企业的科学化、正规化管理、与世界接轨的重要条件。 库存管理信息系统是一种典型的信息管理系统（MIS），其开发主要包括后台的数据库的建立、维护以及前端的应用程序开发两个方面的内容。 数据库的建立和维护主要要求其管理数据的一致性、完整性、安全性等特点，故在库存管理数据库建立之前，对其业务的分析，主题数据库的设计成为了库存管理系统重工之重。 业务流程由于缺乏专业管理知识，对企业的实际管理业务的程面可能不够全面，做出的结构图只能基本满足物料库存管理。 一、库存系统的功能图系统功能:本系统主要针对库存的相关信息进行管理，具体功能如下1.出入库管理对出入库的物料进行管理；2.库存盘点统计对库存的资料进行核算检验，计算利益盈亏；3.处地规划对仓库和货位的属性和信息进行管理；4.库存控制对库存的各种信息进行控制；5.物料质量分析对在库的物料资料进行分析；6.采购管理对采购的单据和物料信息进行管理。 图 (1)为本物料库存系统的功能图经营目标产销计划物料清单资源负荷存量基准设定储运管理存量管理采购管理价格规定进度控制订购出入库管理基准修订库存盘点采购控制处地规划图 (1)基本事务流程其他部门通过库存事务管理来申请物料的出入库，用以提取或储存物料，进行生产；库存事务管理通过仓库部门提交的业务对物料进行管理，使事务管理进行得合理得当；仓库部门在库存基础信息管理上负责对其进行维护；采购部门通过库存信息进行采购计划及物料入库操作；财务部门对在库存事务管理中产生的单据进行处理，核实物料进出情况，管理成本收益。 二、数据流程图数据流程分析把数据在现行系统内部的流动情况抽象出来，舍去了具体组织机构、信息载体、处理工作等物理组成，单纯从数据流动过程来考察实际业务的数据处理模式数据流程分析主要包括对信息的流动、变换、存贮等的分析。 其目的是要发现和解决数据流动中的问题。 数据流程图是描述系统数据流程的工具，它将数据独立抽象出来，通过图形方式描述信息的来龙去脉和实际流程。 数据流程图表示求解某一问题的数据通路。 同时规定了处理的主要阶段和所用的各种数据媒体。 为了描述复杂的软件系统的信息流向和加工，可采用分层的DFD来描述，分层DFD有顶层，中间层、底层之分。 （1）顶层。 决定系统的范围，决定输入输出数据流，它说明系统的边界，把整个系统的功能抽象为一个加工。 （2）中间层。 顶层之下是若干中间层，某一中间层既是它上一层加工的分解结果，又是它下一层若干加工的抽象，即它又可进一步分解。 （3）底层。 若一张DFD的加工不能进一步分解，这张DFD就是底层的了。 底层DFD的加工是由基本加工构成的，所谓基本加工是指不能再进行分解的加工。 本物料系统的范围及对外接口用顶层图表示，如下图 (2)其他部门仓库部门财务部门库存管理业务单据处理维护物料采购余料回库采购部门物料出库采购计划图 （2）一层图如图 (3)所示仓库管理部门其它部门处理规约维护物料分类维护仓库可用库位信息物料归类存放信息根据生产计划生成物料领料单物料领料单物料出库物料入库采购部门物料采购信息采购计划物料出入库物料单据财务部门物料盘点物料统计信息图 (3)入库操作底层如图 (4)采购部门生产部门入库单审核产品入库单材料入库单审核入库已审核入库单已审核入库物料分类入库入库物料信息登记入帐入库物料清单入帐单库入帐单结算入帐单财务部门结算单据仓库管理部门图 (4)出库操作如图 (6)审核出库单出库单已审核出库其他部门领料单物料出库已审核领料单物料出库清单物料出库清单登记入帐入帐单库结算入帐入帐单财务部门单据仓库管理部门图 (6)盘点操作如图 (7)仓库部门审核盘点单盘点单人工盘点记录实盘数量实盘信息物料盘点统计盘点帐单图 (7)概念模型（E-R图）概念模型是对真实世界中问题域内的事物的描述，通过概念模型，可以清楚看到库存管理系统的整体概况。 在概念模型中，可以得到如下内容1实体的分类从实体的分类体现出系统上的主要功能，；2实体之间的关系体现出实体间的联系（依赖、强制）、继承以及关联；3实体内部的规范化程度传递依赖、部分依赖、主属性依赖从属性。 实体关系大致分为三类1.联系Relationship根据现实业务联系，抽象出实体联系的两种属性联系Dependent依赖联系Mandatory强制联系2.关联Association数据库不允许出现多对多的实体关系必须分解为一对多或者一对一形式；当若干个实体间的关系抽象出一个实例不妥当的时候，要生成关联关系。 3.继承Iherit我们抽象出三个父实体物料基础信息，物料出库信息，物料入库信息E-R模型为了简化分析，这里我们将分成局部E-R模型来简单介绍设计过程。 注此处内嵌PowerDesigner的cmd图，请安装PD后双击打开。 PD版本12.051物料模型如图(e-1)ConceptualDataModel_1.cdmMaterials-ProductsMaterial-Spare partsMaterials-Raw materialsMaterials-goodsBasic information materialmaterial_idmaterial_namestandardtypematerialtypeunitPlan PriceSafetystock_qtyAllow wastage_qtyform_idIdentifier_1Identifier_2Product BasicsProduct_idPurposeCustomersSales Contract_id Unitsales planManufacturing cell_idIdentifier_1Basic information of sparepartsSpare parts_idEquipment_idManufacturerDesign NoProcessingunitsProcurement or processing contract_idUnit procurementor processingplanIdentifier_1Basic informationRaw materialsRaw materials_idPurposePlace oforiginManufacturerProcurement contracts_id_id ProcurementPlan PriceIdentifier_1Basic informationgoodsgoods_idPurposeSuppliersProcurement contracts_id_id ProcurementPlan Price图(e-1)2出入库模型如图(e-2)ConceptualDataModel_2.cdm material-productPushmaterial-rawmaterialPushmaterial-resevePushmaterial-goodsPushmaterial-resevePopmaterial-productPopmaterial-rawmaterialPopmaterial-goodsPopstatisticsOfPushgatherliststatisticsOfPop gatherlistmaterialPushInfomaterial_idtypeqtylist_idWseat_idwarehouse_idseat_idqty_realityIdentifier_1materialPopAndPushStatisticsmaterial_idpushQtypushMoneypushQtyNormalpushMoneyNormalreturnPushQtyreturnPushMoneyflittingPushQtyflittingPushMoneypopQtypopMoneypopQtyNormalpopMoneyNormalreturnPopQtyreturnPopMoneyflittingPopQtyflittingPopMoneyPushPercentNormalPopPercentNormalreturnPushPercentNormalreturnPopPercentNormalflittingPushPercentflittingPopPercentlist_idIdentifier_1materialPopInfomaterial_idqtyqty_realitytypelist_idwarehouse_idseat_idIdentifier_1productPushInfoproduct_idproductCostPriceIdentifier_1rawmaterialPushInforawMaterail_idprice_realityIdentifier_1resevePushInforeseve_idprocess_realityIdentifier_1goodsPushInfogoods_idprice_realityIdentifier_1ResevePopInforeseve_idlist_idreturnQtyIdentifier_1ProductPopInfoproduct_idlist_idreturnQtyIdentifier_1rawMaterailPopInforawMaterail_idlist_idreturnQtyIdentifier_1Identifier_2goodPopInfogoods_idlist_idreturnQtyIdentifier_1图(e-2)3盘点模型如图(e-3)ConceptualDataModel_3.cdmCount table summarizesCount SummarySingle CountMaterial Count stock informationMateria_idStock TypeCountstocks_qtyCount form_idPlace_idStock_idLocator_id_idIdentifier_1Identifier_2Material inventorycounts Statistics*Materia_idStock_qtyStock AmountNewCount_qtyCount amountQuantityshortageThe amount of shortageThamount of shortage Overage QuantityOverage amountSafe storage rateAllow the storage rateshortage/earnings ratioAllowthe depletionrateform_idIdentifier_1information offormform_idform_nameManagersPeriodStart DateDeadlineDateof issue图(e-3)4仓库管理模型如图(e-4)ConceptualDataModel_4.cdm WseatTypeseatTypeWseatInfoWseat_idwseatNamenameaddrphoneziphomeE-MailzphoneIdentifier_1Identifier_2WarehouseAttributewarehouse_idwarehouseNametypeWseat_idIdentifier_1Identifier_2WseatAttributeseat_idseatNametypeseatNumwarehouse_idIdentifier_1Identifier_2图(e-4)5概念模型总图如图(e-5)ConceptualDataModel_5.cdmMaterials-ProductsMaterial-Spare partsMaterials-Raw materialsMaterials-goodsmaterial-productPushmaterial-rawmaterialPushmaterial-resevePushmaterial-goodsPushmaterial-resevePopmaterial-productPopmaterial-rawmaterialPopmaterial-goodsPopstatisticsOfPushgatherliststatisticsOfPop gatherlistCounttablesummarizesCount SummarySingle CountWseatTypeseatTypeBasic information materialmaterial_idmaterial_namestandardtypematerialtypeunitPlan PriceSafetystock_qtyAllow wastage_qtyform_idIdentifier_1Identifier_2Product BasicsProduct_idPurposeCustomersSales Contract_id Unitsales planManufacturing cell_idIdentifier_1Basic informationof sparepartsSpare parts_idEquipment_idManufacturerDesign NoProcessingunitsProcurement or processing contract_idUnit procurementor processingplanIdentifier_1Basic informationRaw materialsRaw materials_idPurposePlace oforiginManufacturerProcurement contracts_id_id ProcurementPlan PriceIdentifier_1Basicinformationgoodsgoods_idPurposeSuppliersProcurement contracts_id_id ProcurementPlan PricematerialPushInfomaterial_idtypeqtylist_idWseat_idwarehouse_idseat_idqty_realityIdentifier_1materialPopInfomaterial_idqtyqty_realitytypelist_idwarehouse_idseat_idIdentifier_1materialPopAndPushStatisticsmaterial_idpushQtypushMoneypushQtyNormalpushMoneyNormalreturnPushQtyreturnPushMoneyflittingPushQtyflittingPushMoneypopQtypopMoneypopQtyNormalpopMoneyNormalreturnPopQtyreturnPopMoneyflittingPopQtyflittingPopMoneyPushPercentNormalPopPercentNormalreturnPushPercentNormalreturnPopPercentNormalflittingPushPercentflittingPopPercentlist_idIdentifier_1productPushInfoproduct_idproductCostPriceIdentifier_1rawmaterialPushInforawMaterail_idprice_realityIdentifier_1resevePushInforeseve_idprocess_realityIdentifier_1goodsPushInfogoods_idprice_realityIdentifier_1ResevePopInforeseve_idlist_idreturnQtyIdentifier_1ProductPopInfoproduct_idlist_idreturnQtyIdentifier_1rawMaterailPopInforawMaterail_idlist_idreturnQtyIdentifier_1Identifier_2goodPopInfogoods_idlist_idreturnQtyIdentifier_1Material Countstock informationMateria_idStock TypeCountstocks_qtyCount form_idPlace_idStock_idLocator_id_idIdentifier_1Identifier_2Material inventorycounts Statistics*Materia_idStock_qtyStock AmountNewCount_qtyCount amountQuantityshortageThe amountof shortageThe amountof shortage Overage QuantityOverage amountSafe storage rateAllow the storage rateshortage/earnings ratioAllowthe depletionrateform_idIdentifier_1informationofformform_idform_nameManagersPeriodStart DateDeadlineDateof issueWseatInfoWseat_idwseatNamenameaddrphoneziphomeE-MailzphoneIdentifier_1Identifier_2WarehouseAttributewarehouse_idwarehouseNametypeWseat_idIdentifier_1Identifier_2WseatAttributeseat_idseatNametypeseatNumwarehouse_idIdentifier_1Identifier_2图(e-5)通过以上步骤，我们基本抽象出这个行业的基本数据模型，在这个过程中，我们发现实现基本业务功能表单与后台数据表的对应，还有数据流文件与模型中实体的对应，这两种对应关系并不是十分直观，如产销计划，采购控制，库存成本控制等并没有实体与之一一对应，可以想象前台一张功能表对应后台一张表单，这种数据处理模式带来的会是灾难性的结果，因此我们将这些功能所用到的数据进行归类总结成实体而非一一对应的实体，并完成规范化，实现了数据的可维护性。 数据模型(类图)类图用需要出现在系统中不同的类来描述系统的静态结构，包含了类和关联。 类图为了对应以上的局部E-R图，本类图分成四大块对数据模型进行分析1物料模型如图(o-1)ObjectOrientedModel_1.oomBasic informationmaterial+material_idmaterial_namestandardtypematerialtypeunitPlan PriceSafetystock_qtyAllow wastage_qtyform_id:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectProduct Basics+Product_idPurposeCustomersSales Contract_idUnit salesplanManufacturingcell_id:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectBasic informationof spareparts+Spare parts_idEquipment_idManufacturerDesign NoProcessingunitsProcurement orprocessing contract_idUnit procurementorprocessingplan:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectBasic informationRaw materials+Raw materials_idPurposePlace oforiginManufacturerProcurement contracts_idProcurement Plan Price:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectBasic informationgoods+goods_idPurposeSuppliersProcurement contracts_id_id ProcurementPlan Price:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object图(o-1)2出入库模型如图(o-2)ObjectOrientedModel_2.oom1.1gather1.*list1.1gather1.*listmaterialPushInfo+material_idtypeqtylist_isWseat_idwarehouse_idseat_idqty_reality:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectmaterialPopAndPushStatistics+material_idpushQtyPushMoneypushQty_realitypushMoney_realityreturnPushQtyreturnPushMoneyflittingPushQtyflittingPushMoneypopQtypopMoneypopQty_realitypopMoney_realityreturnPopQtyreturnPopMoneyflittingPopQtyflittingPopMoneyPopPercent_realityPushPercent_realityreturnPushPercentreturnPopPercentflittingPushPercentflittingPopPercentlist_id:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectmaterialPopInfo+material_idqtyqty_realitytypelist_idseat_idWseat_id:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectproductPushInfo+product_idproductCostPrice:Object:ObjectrawmaterialPushInfo+rawmaterial_idprice_reality:Object:ObjectresevePushInfo+reseve_idprocessList:Object:ObjectgoodsPushInfo+goods_idprice_reality:Object:ObjectresevePopInfo+reseve_idlist_idreturnQty:Object:Object:ObjectproductPopInfo+product_idlist_idreturnQty:Object:Object:ObjectrawMaterialPopInfo+rawMaterial_idlist_idreturnQty:Object:Object:ObjectgoodsPopInfo+goods_idlist_idreturnQty:Object:Object:Object图(o-2)3盘点模型如图(o-3)ObjectOrientedModel_3.oom1.1Count Summary1.*SingleCountMaterialCountstock information+Materia_idStock TypeCountstocks_qtyCount form_idPlace_idStock_idLocator_id:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectMaterial inventorycounts Statistics*+Materia_idStock_qtyStock AmountNewCount_qtyCount amountQuantityshortageThe amountof shortageThamountofshortageOverageQuantityOverageamountSafestoragerateAllowthestoragerateshortage/earnings ratioAllowthe depletionrateform_id:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Objectinformation ofform+form_idform_nameManagersPeriodStart DateDeadlineDateof issue:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object图(o-3)4仓库管理模型如图(o-4)ObjectOrientedModel_4.oom WseatInfo+Wseat_idwseatNamenameaddrphoneziphomeE-Mailzphone:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectWarehouseAttribute+warehouse_idwarehouseNametypewseat_id:Object:Object:Object:ObjectseatAttribute+seat_idseatNametypeseatNumwarehouse_id:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object图(o-4)5数据模型总图如图(o-5)ObjectOrientedModel_5.oom1.1gather1.*list1.1gather1.*list1.1CountSummary1.*Single CountBasicinformationmaterial+material_idmaterial_namestandardtypematerialtypeunitPlan PriceSafetystock_qtyAllow wastage_qtyform_id:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectProduct Basics+Product_idPurposeCustomersSales Contract_idUnit salesplanManufacturingcell_id:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectBasic informationof spareparts+Spare parts_idEquipment_idManufacturerDesign NoProcessingunitsProcurement orprocessing contract_idUnit procurementorprocessingplan:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectBasic informationRawmaterials+Rawmaterials_idPurposePlace oforiginManufacturerProcurement contracts_idProcurement PlanPrice:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectBasic informationgoods+goods_idPurposeSuppliersProcurement contracts_id_id ProcurementPlanPrice:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectmaterialPushInfo+material_idtypeqtylist_isWseat_idwarehouse_idseat_idqty_reality:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectmaterialPopAndPushStatistics+material_idpushQtyPushMoneypushQty_realitypushMoney_realityreturnPushQtyreturnPushMoneyflittingPushQtyflittingPushMoneypopQtypopMoneypopQty_realitypopMoney_realityreturnPopQtyreturnPopMoneyflittingPopQtyflittingPopMoneyPopPercent_realityPushPercent_realityreturnPushPercentreturnPopPercentflittingPushPercentflittingPopPercentlist_id:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectmaterialPopInfo+material_idqtyqty_realitytypelist_idseat_idWseat_id:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:Object:ObjectproductPushInfo+product_idproductCostPrice:Object:ObjectrawmaterialPushInfo+rawmaterial_idprice_reality:Object:ObjectresevePushInfo+reseve_idprocessList:Object:ObjectgoodsPushInfo+goods_idprice_reality:Object:ObjectresevePopInfo+reseve_idlist_idreturnQty:Object:Object:ObjectproductPopInfo+product_idlist_idreturnQty:Object:Object:ObjectrawMaterialPopInfo+rawMaterial_idlist_idreturnQty:Object:Object:ObjectgoodsPopInfo+goods_idlist_idreturnQty:Object:Object:ObjectMaterial Countstockinformation+Materia_idStock TypeCountstocks_qtyCount form_idPl