冷床升降链毕业设计摘要翻译.doc

冷床升降链的设计冷床升降链的设计第一步首先对冷床作了简单的概述，介绍了冷床的现状和发展状况。冷床作为现代工业生产中的重要环节对钢材产品的质量起着至关重要的作用。接着介绍冷床的分类，包括往复多爪式冷床，链式冷床，步进式冷床，翻转式冷床，摇摆式冷床，辊式冷床，以及各种冷床的特点1。加深对工厂生产的认识。选择冷床升降链这种非通用机械的设计作为毕业设计的选题，能培养我们独立解决工程实际问题的能力，通过这次毕业设计是对所学基本理论和专业知识的一次综合运用，也使我们的设计、计算和绘图能力都得到了全面的训练。1.1 冷床的应用冷床，是冶金轧钢行业对轧制产品（螺纹钢、圆钢、钢管等）有效进行冷却的工作台面。 主要用途：冷床设备主要用于轧后钢板在线缓慢自然冷却。在型材生产线上，冷床对型材还具有预弯曲功能，防止型材在自然冷却过程中因各处质量不等导致出现不规则弯曲。 步进式冷床是现今棒材连轧生产线中重要设备之一,主要功能为接收、传递以及冷却轧件。1.2冷床的发展趋势冷床作为轧钢生产线上的重要设备，是连接高温加工与冷加工的关键环节，调节了连个区域的加工效率不均，起到了缓冲作用。但从另一方面说，与轧机，飞剪等加工设备相比，由于冷床设备吨位大，占地面积广，所以制造安装难度较高。在整条生产线的设计，制造，安装，等等各个环节我国还与国外优秀企业有较大差距。图纸方面多为吸收消化国外图纸，然后自主生产。在自主知识产权方面较为薄弱。由于图纸设计多为参考国外技术，加之时间短促。所以在具体生产制造，安装使用过程的具体环节中容易出现各种意料之外的问题。在这方面国外已有足够的多技术积累和实践经验。日本三菱，日本新日铁，西门子奥钢联，美国铁本等等都是这方面的技术领先者。由于国外一直对中国实行高端技术封锁，我国在技术尖端领域发展较缓慢。不过近些年，为加快现代化建设，国家大力发展制造业，鼓励各种资本投入到重工业。加强知识产权保护，增大教育投入，重视高端人才培养。使我国在现代制造业领域得到迅猛发展。钢材生产线的设备，绝大部分可以实现自主生产，虽然在加工水平，制造精度，产品质量还与国外有一点差距，但这种差距正在逐步缩小。1.3冷床的分类 冷床是轧钢车间的只要设备，其作用在于将800以上的轧件冷却到150到100以下，同时使扎件按既定方向和既定速度运行，在运输过程中应保证扎件不弯曲或向制定的方向弯曲。由于型钢产品形状相差悬殊，因此型钢车间的冷床形式是多种多样的。按照型钢车间冷床结构形式，冷床大致有以下几大分类。1.往复多爪式冷床床面由若干固定的导轨（钢轨、滑轨）组成，移钢设备为一个带多组划爪的整体式或单体式滑车，用钢丝绳来回拖动。这种冷床结构简单，牢固可靠，易于维修，但其利用系数低，滑车车轮和托辊的消耗量大，轧间在横移过程中容易发生弯曲现象，而且噪声也大，这种冷床主要用于开坯和大中型型钢轧钢车间。2.链式冷床链式冷床的本体一般由固定的冷却台架以及链式拉钢机两部分组成。链式拉钢机由板式滚子链组成，因受链条张紧条件的限制，通常是不可逆的，其主动轮应安装在轧件横移方向的前端。有的是链条设在冷床里面，链带上安有划爪来带动型材前进；有的是链条在冷床上，链条托着型材前进。这种冷床结构紧凑，维修方便，没有噪声；缺点是链条处于高温条件下工作，链条容易变形，需要为其配备专门的冷却设备。这种冷床适于所有断面的型钢；对于矫直机后检查台架链式冷床是一种很好的结果形式。3.步进冷床步进冷床又称齿条式冷床，本体由两组齿条组成，一组齿条是固定的（静齿条），另一组齿条可以做平面升降往复运动（动齿条）。两组齿条的齿形交替排列，冷床不工作时，静齿条高于动齿条的齿面。当启动电动机后，偏心轮转动，使安装在前后两组动梁上的动齿条做升降往复移动。随着动齿条的移动就能把静齿条上的型材一次横移一个齿距，型材在冷床本体的运动中不断横移，并逐渐冷却下来。这种冷床适宜于冷却过程中容易产生弯曲和扭转的小型钢材生产。为了保证轧件均匀的冷却，在某些锯齿形冷床上，其静齿条和动齿条并不与冷床长度方向平行，一般都便宜一个不大的角度（2）。这样轧件没前进一步，与齿面接触的部位沿轧件长度方向变化一次，即沿轧件全长的接触点能够周期性的变化。这对于高合金钢和某些特殊型材是必要的。4.翻转式冷床目前比较先进的翻转式冷床，主要由两齿梁和偏心轴组成。两齿梁的齿形不同，齿梁1为V形，齿梁2为U形。当偏心轴A转动时，偏心AB使梁上下运动，偏心AK及AZ使两齿梁左右运动。在此运动中，型钢得意翻转。翻转式冷床具有节能，冷却时间短，冷却型钢直和无损伤等特点，主要应用与方刚（坯）和圆钢（坯）的冷却。5.摇摆式冷床摇摆式冷床主要部件是摇摆杆，每当摇摆杆摆动一次，钢材在冷床上移动一个齿距。随之摆动杆的反复摆动。钢材就在冷床上不断前进。摆动式冷床的优点是刚才在冷床上移动时能白痴直线，与齿条冷床相比，其结构简单，造价低，制造方便。缺点是有时会损伤钢材表面。6.辊式冷床辊式冷床由多组细长辊子组成。辊子轴线与轧件运行方向成一定角度，使轧件在其上一面作横移运动，一面相应的转动，这样轧件不仅冷却均匀而且不发生弯曲和扭转。此类冷床的造价较高，用于要求较高的小型型钢生产。链式和步进式冷床的设备造价比多爪式冷床高，但轧件在横移过程中不会产生与床面滑道摩擦，而产生表面擦伤等缺陷，并且散热性好，冷却能力高，因此获得广泛应用，绳轮滑爪式冷床已被逐渐淘汰。3Cooling bed, the design of the lifting chainCooling bed, the design of the lifting chainThe first step on the cooling bed, made a brief overview of the cooling bed status and development. Cooling bed, the quality of steel products as an important part of modern industrial production plays a vital role. Then introduced the cooling bed classification, including reciprocating multi-claw type cooling bed, chain cooling bed, walking beam cooling bed, flip the cooling bed, swing-type cooling bed, roller-type cooling bed, as well as a variety of cooling bed features 1. Deepen their understanding of the factory.Cooling bed, lifting chain, this general-purpose machinery design as a graduate design topics, to develop an independent ability to solve practical engineering problems, have learned the basic theory and professional knowledge of the integrated use of this graduation project is also our design, computing and graphics capabilities have been fully training.An overview of a cooling bed1.1 cooling bed applicationsCooling bed, metallurgy rolling steel industry, rolling products (rebar, round bar, pipe, etc.), effectively cooling the work surface.Main purposes: cooling bed equipment is mainly used for rolling steel plates online slow natural cooling. Profile production line, cooling bed with pre-curved profiles also prevent profiles in the natural cooling process of the entire quality ranging from lead to irregular bending.The walking beam cooling bed is one of the critical equipment in todays bar rolling production line, the main function is to receive, transfer and cooling rolling.1.2 development trend of the cooling bedCooling bed rolling production line equipment, a key link to connect the high-temperature processing and cold, regulate even a region of uneven processing efficiency has played a buffer role.On the other hand, compared with the mill, flying shear, and other processing equipment, large tonnage cooling bed equipment, a wide area, manufacture and installation more difficult.In the entire production line design, manufacture, installation, and so on all aspects of China is still a wide gap with foreign outstanding enterprises. Drawing regard for absorbing foreign drawings, and independent production. In the independent intellectual property rights is weak. Due to the design drawings as a reference of foreign technology, coupled with the shortage of time. Therefore, in the specific production and manufacturing, prone to all kinds of unexpected problems in specific aspects of the installation process. There is sufficient accumulation of multi-technology and practical experience in foreign countries in this regard. Japans Mitsubishi, Nippon Steel, Siemens VAI, the United States iron this and so are the technology leader in this regard.Foreign countries has been high-end technology blockade against China, China in the field of cutting-edge development is relatively slow. However, in recent years, in order to speed up the modernization of the country vigorously develop the manufacturing sector, and encourage all kinds of capital into heavy industry. Strengthen intellectual property protection, and increasing investment in education, emphasis on high-end talent cultivation. Chinas rapid development in the field of modern manufacturing. Steel production line equipment, the vast majority of independent production, although the level of processing, manufacturing precision and product quality is a little gap with foreign countries, but this gap is gradually narrowing.1.3 cooling bed classification Cooling bed is rolling shop, as long as the equipment, its role is more than 800 rolling cooled to below 150 C to 100 C, while making the tie pieces set the direction and established speed run during transport shall ensure that the tie pieces bend or to develop the direction of bending. Significant differences between the shape of the steel products, steel workshop of the cooling bed form is varied.Cooling bed structure in accordance with the steel shop, cooling bed the following classification.(1) reciprocating claw-type cooling bedBed by a number of fixed guideway (rail, slide), the shift of steel equipment with a program claw as a whole or single pulley rope back and forth dragging. Cooling bed structure is simple, solid and reliable, easy to maintain, but its low utilization factor, consumption of the pulley wheel and roller rolling in the traverse process prone to bending phenomenon, and the noise, this cooling bed mainly used for cogging and medium-sized steel rolling workshop.(2) chain cooling bedChain cold bed of the body is generally a fixed cooling stand and chain pull steel machine part. Chain pull steel machine roller chain plate due to the constraints of the chain tensioner is usually irreversible, driving wheel should be installed in front of the rolling Traversing direction. Some chain located in the cooling bed inside the chain to bring security program claw to boost the profile forward; some chains in the cooling bed, the chain holding the profile forward. The cooling bed structure is compact, easy maintenance, no noise; drawback is the chain in high temperature conditions, the chain is easily deformed, the need to equip them with specialized cooling equipment. This cold bed suitable for all sections of steel; straightening machine and check the bench chain cold bed is a good results in the form.3 stepping cooling bedStepping cooling bed, also known as the rack type cooling bed, the body formed by two racks, a set of rack is fixed (static rack), another set of rack can be done to the plane down reciprocating motion (moving rack). The two sets of rack tooth alternately arranged in the cooling bed is not working, static rack above the moving rack tooth surface. When you start your motor, the eccentric wheel rotation, so that the lift reciprocating installed in both front and rear dynamic beam moving rack. With the move rack mobile will be able to traverse the profiles on the static rack once a pitch, traverse profiles in the cooling bed, the movement of the body, and gradually cooled down. This cold bed suitable for the cooling process and prone to bending and torsion of small steel production. In the some serrated cold bed in order to ensure uniform rolling of cooling, static rack and move the rack is not parallel with the direction of the cooling bed length, generally a small angle (2 ). Not before rolling further, the parts in contact with the tooth surface along the length of the rolling direction changes in time, full-length along the rolling point of contact to cyclical changes. This is necessary for high-alloy steel and special profiles.Turn the cooling bedMore advanced flip-type cooling bed, composed of two teeth beam and the eccentric shaft. Beam, two teeth of different tooth gear beam 1 is V-shaped teeth beam 2 is U-shaped. When the eccentric rotation of the axis A, eccentricity AB so that the beam up and down movement, eccentric AK, AZ, about two teeth beam movement. In this movement, proud steel flip. The flip-type cooling bed with energy saving, short cooling time, cooling steel, straight and without injury, main applications and Vincent Fang (blank) (blank) and round bar cooling.5 swing-type cooling bedThe swing-type cooling bed the main components of the swing lever whenever the swing rod swing steel in a cold bed to