[毕业设计精品]铣床液压系统设计

a1a0a2a3a4a5a7a8a6a101a11a91目录1、设计题目12、工况分析1a12a13a14a15a16a17a18a15a16a17a182a12a13a12a19a20a17a18a19a20a17a1823、确定液压缸参数3a21a13a14a22a23a24a25a26a27a28a29a25a30a22a23a24a25a27a28a29a253a21a13a12a31a32a24a25a26a33a34a31a32a24a25a33a343a21a13a21a24a25a26a28a29a35a36a37a38a39a40a27a25a30a24a25a26a28a35a36a37a38a39a40a27a25a41a42a43a44a45a46a47a48a49a48a494a21a13a50a51a52a24a25a26a28a53a54a51a52a24a25a26a2844、拟定液压系统图6a50a13a14a23a55a24a25a56a57a24a256a58a59a60a59a60a61a62a63a646a58a59a60a59a65a66a67a63a64a68a69a70a63a646a58a59a60a59a71a72a62a73a74a63a646a58a59a60a59a58a75a76a77a78a63a647a50a13a12a24a25a79a80a81a82a79a80a81a8285、选择液压元件8a83a13a14a23a55a24a25a84a44a85a20a86a87a24a258a83a13a12a23a55a88a52a89a90a88a529a83a13a21a23a91a92a93a89a90a92a93106、液压系统性能验算10a94a13a14a56a57a37a25a30a95a96a95a9610a97a59a60a59a60a98a99a100a75a76a101a10210a97a59a60a59a65a72a103a100a75a76a101a10211a94a13a12a31a32a24a25a84a28a29a25a30a31a32a24a25a84a28a29a2512a94a13a21a24a25a79a80a27a104a46a24a25a79a8012a94a13a50a24a25a79a80a27a105a106a107a108a109a48a27a105a106a107a10813参考文献14附录a110a110a24a25a79a80a54a24a25a79a80a24a25a111a110a110a24a25a112a26a54a24a25a24a111a1a0a2a3a4a5a7a8a6a101a4a5a113a1121设计题目1.1设计题目设计一台专用铣床，铣头驱动电机的功率为7.0千瓦，铣刀直径为120mm，转速350转/分，如工作台质量为480公斤，工件和夹具的质量为150公斤，工作台的行程为400mm，工进行程为100mm，快进快退速度为4.5米/分，工进速度为601000毫米/分，其往复运动的加速（减速）时间为0.05秒，工作台用平导轨静摩擦系数0.2sf=，动摩擦系数0.1df=，试设计该机床的液压系统a1142工况分析2.1负载分析根据给定条件，先计算工作台运动中惯性力mF，工作台与导轨的动摩擦阻力fdF和静摩擦阻力fsF63000.0759639.810.05GmFvFgt=（N）(2-1)12()0.1(48001500)6300fddGGFfFF=+=+=(N)(2-2)12()0.2(48001500)1260fSsGGFfFF=+=+=(N)(2-3)其中a11511480104800GFmg=(N)22150101500GFmg=(N)12480015006300GGGFFF=+=+=(N)由铣头的驱动电机功率可以求得铣削最大负载阻力tF：tPFv=(2-4)其中3503.140.122.1986060ndmvspi=所以，700031852.198tPFv=同时考虑到液压缸密封装置的摩擦阻力（取液压缸的机械效率0.9m=），工作台的液压缸在g2520工g1929g19466g8585的负载g1552g2027g1122g159322-1中，负载g5502g10627g3282如g32822-1所g12046g452a116a117a118a119a120a121a122a123a124a1252a126a127a128a1293a130a131a132a133a134a135a136a137a138a139工g1929负载计算公g5347液压缸负载g41(N)液压缸g6524力0F（N）g17227动fsFF=12601400加速fdmFFF=+15931770快进fdFF=630700工进fdtFFF=+38154239g2465g2533g17227动fsFF=12601400g2465g2533加速fdmFFF=+15931700快退fdFF=630700a140a131a132a133a137a138a141a142a1402.2运动分析根据给定条件，快进g451快退速度为0.075m/g86，其行程分g2047为300mm和400mm，工进速度为601000m/s（g23750.0010.0167m/s），工进行程100mm，g13484g1998速度g5502g10627g3282如g32822-2所g12046g452a116a117a118a119a120a121a122a123a124a1253a143a144a145a146a147a148a149a1504a140a131a132a131a151a152a141a142a1403确定液压缸的参数3.1初选液压缸的工作压力根据液压缸g6524力为4239N（g159322-1）g15g6365g1593211-2（g1082）的g6524g14628g1552，g2033g17885工作压力为51010g51g68.3.2确定液压缸尺寸由g1122铣床工作台快进和快退速度g11468同，g3252g8504g17885用g2345g7450g8975g3634g5347液压缸，g5194g1363122AA=g15快进时g18331用g5058动g17842g6521，g3252g12661g17347中g7389压力g6451g3845，快进时g3250g8845g17347压力g6451g3845取5510p=g51g68，快退时g3250g8845g17347压力g6451g3845g1146取5510p=g51g68g452工进时，为g1363运动平g12295，在液压缸g3250g17347g8845g17347g990g20047加g13984压g19412，g13984压力g1552一g14336为5(510)10g51g68g15g17885取g13984压52610p=g51g68g452根据11220pApAF=+g15可求g1998液压缸大g14120g19766g122271A为20151242390.006()0.5(100.56)10FAmpp=(3-1)1440.0060.087()3.14ADmpi=(3-2)根据g42g372348-80g3290g6984g6116g4613g17829的g7643g1946g1552，得g39g3290mm，液压缸g8975g3634g7450直径a153a154a155a156a157a158a159a160a161a1623a163a164a165a166a167a168a169a170563.652Ddmm=，根据g42g372348-80g4613g17829g3290g6984g6116g7643g1946g1552g71g3263mm，g1122g7171液压缸g4466g19481g7389效工作g19766g12227为22210.090.00644ADmpipi=(3-3)222222()(0.090.063)0.00344ADdmpipi=(3-4)3.3液压缸工作循环中各阶段的压力、流量和功率的计算值（g16277g159323-1）工g19290F(N)液压缸5210pg51g685110pg51g683()mQsN(g58)快进（g5058动）g17227动140009.70.225164.3加速1770510.9g5670速70057.3工进4239611.070.0060.16.6110.7快退g17227动114000.225276.8加速1770515.9减速700512.33.4绘制液压缸工况图根据g159323-1计算g13479g7536，分g2047g13484g2058g51-g47g451g52-g47和N-g47g3282，如g32823-1所g12046a171a172a173a174a175a176a177a178a179a1803a181a182a183a184a185a186a187a1886a189a190a191a192a193a190a191a192a194a190a191a192a192a195a190a196a190a191a197a193a190a191a198a194a190a191a192a171a172a173a174a175a176a177a178a179a1804a199a182a183a184a200a201a19274拟定液压系统图4.1选择液压系统图4.1.1调速回路由工g1929g32823-1可g11705，该铣床液压系统功率g4579，g3252g8504g17885用g14422g8981g16855速g7053g5347，g9381台运动速度g1314，工作负载为阻力负载g1000工作中g2476g2282g4579，g6937可g17885用进g2487g14422g8981g16855速g3250g17347g452为g19462g8502g4392g19087g17902时负载g12373g9994g9052g3845g5353g17227运动g18108件g2081g1926，在g3250g8845g17347g990加g13984压g19412g452由g1122系统g17885用g14422g8981g16855速g7053g5347，系统g5529g9994为g5332g5347g5502g10627系统g452g452考虑到铣削加工中g7389g20046铣和g17882铣g1016g12193工g1929，g4464g18331用g16855速g19412g7481g1457g16789速度g12295定，g5194g4570g16855速g19412装在液压缸g3250g8845g17347g990g17227阻力作用，g1363工作台g1314速运动时g8616g17751平g12295，如g32824-1(g68)和4-1（g36）所g12046g15由g1122g7424系统g9381台由快进转为工进时，速度g2476g2282g993大，为减少速度换g6521时的液压g1926击，从g14422约g6116g7424考虑，g17885用如g32824-1(g68)所g12046的g16855速g3250g17347g452(a)(A)a202a203a204a205a206a207a208a2094.1.2换向回路和卸荷回路铣床工作台g18331用g2345g8975g3634g7450液压缸驱动g452由工g1929g3282可g11705，系统压力和g8981量都g993大，同时考虑工作台工作一个g5502g10627后装夹具时间g8616g17751长，为g7053便工作台的手动，g17885用三位四g17902U型电磁换g2533g19412，g5194由电气行程g5332关配合g4466现自动换g2533，如g32824-2b所g120464.1.3快速运动回路为g4466现工作台快速进给，g17885用二位三g17902电磁换g2533g19412构g6116液压缸的g5058动g17842g6521g452这g12193g5058动g17842g6521的快速运动g3250g17347，g13479构简g2345，也g8616g17751经济，如g32824-2g68所g12046g452在g32824-2g68-b中g13479构复杂g993利g1122控g2058，所以g17885择4-2g68所g12046的g3250g17347，一g17227同4-2b组g6116的快速g451换g2533g3250g17347，同样可以g4466现g5058动g17842g6521g452同时验算g3250g17347的压力g6451g3845g8616g17751简便，所以g993g17885用g32824-2g68-b所g12046的g3250g17347g452a210a211a212a213a214a215a216a217a218a2194a220a221a222a223a224a225a2028a226a227a228a226a229a228a226a227a204a229a228a202a203a204a230a231a207a232a233a234a208a2094.1.4压力控制回路由g1122液压系统g8981量很g4579，铣床工作台工作进给时，g18331用g3250g8845g17347g14422g8981g16855速，g6937g17885用定量泵供g8845g8616g17751g451经济，如g32824-1g68所g12046.g16855压g3250g17347g18331用先导g5347溢g8981g19412维持液压泵g1998g2487压力g5670定g452当换装工件时，工作台停g8502运动，液压泵卸荷g3250g17347g18331用g4579型二位三g17902电磁g19412控g2058先导型溢g8981g19412，g4466现液压泵的卸荷g452而从提高系统效率g451g14422省能量角度g7481看，g17885用双联叶片泵g8845源显g9994g7171g993合理的，如g32824-3b所g12046，其g13479构复杂，控g2058也复杂，所以g993适g4464g17885用g8504g7053案g452(a)(b)a2024-3a223a235a236a237a208a209a210a211a212a213a214a215a216a217a218a2195a238a239a222a223a240a24194.2液压系统合成根据以g990g17885择的液压基g7424g3250g17347，合g6116为g32824-2所g12046的定量泵-g3250g8845g17347g14422g8981g16855速液压系统g3282g452a202a203a204a230a222a223a224a225a242a2435选择液压元件5.1选择液压泵和驱动电机取液压系统的泄漏系数Kg321.1则液压泵的最大g8981量333max()1.10.225100.24810/BiQKQms=，g2375BQg3214.88g47/ming452根据拟定的液压系统g7171g18331用g3250g8845g17347g14422g8981g16855速，进g8845g17347压力g6451g3845g17885取5510pPa=，g6937液压泵工作压力为：a244a245a246a247a248a249a250a251a252a2535a254a255a49a0a1a210551(9.845)1014.8410BpppPa=+=+=g452(5-1)考虑到系统动态压力g3252素的影响，液压泵的额定工作压力为：5514.84(125%)1018.8510BpPa=+=.(5-2)根据BQg451Bp和已g17885定的g2345g2533定量泵型g5347，查手册g1082（二）g17885用116YB型定量叶片泵g452该泵额定排量为16mg47/rg15额定转速960r/min，其额定g8981量为330.25610/ms，由工g1929g3282g11705，最大功率在快退g19466g8585，如g7536取液压泵的效率为为0.75，驱动液压泵最大输入功率BN为：531(15.95)100.256107130.75BBBpQN+=（g58）(5-3)查电工手册g17885取750g58的电动机g4525.2选择控制元件根据系统最大工作压力和g17902过控g2058元件的最大g8981量，g17885用g2520类g19412的规格g16277g159325-1.a3a4a5a6a7a8a9a10a11a12a13序号控g2058元件名称型号规格技术数据510()pPa3(/)Qmsg4466g19481g8981量3(/)Qms额定g8981量时压力g6451g3845510pPa1溢g8981g19412Y1-25g37max3630.41710pQ=30.25610卸荷压力11.52三位四g17902电磁换g2533g1941234g39-25g37max3630.41710pQ=30.2561023g2345g2533g16855速g19412g521-25g37max33min630.417100.810pQQ=30.25610g2465g2533时2最g4579压g505854二位三g17902电磁换g2533g1941223g39-25g37max3630.41710pQ=30.2561015g2345g2533g194121-25g37max3630.41710pQ=1.5a14a15a16a17a18a19a20a21a22a236a24a25a26a27a28a29a30a31115.3选用辅助元件滤g8845器：液压泵吸g8845g2487需装粗滤g8845器，g17885用XU-16100J线隙g5347100m进g2487滤g8845器，g8981量g52g3216l/ming320.2673310/ms.g8845箱容量：由下g5347计算g7389效容g12227V，取系数Kg326，g52g3212g47/ming15则g73893361272()7210()VKQLm=(5-4)根据g1082（二）g7643g1946，可取g8845箱的容g12227Vg3275g47，g8845箱g16277附g32821，g12661道尺寸由g17885定的g7643g1946元件g17842g6521g2487尺寸确定g4526液压系统性能验算6.1回路中压力损失g3250g17347压力g6451g3845计算应在g12661道布置g3282完g6116后进行，g5529g20047g11705道g12661道的长度和直径g452g12661道直径g6365g17885定元件的g6521g2487尺寸确定，g2375g71g3212mmg15长度在g12661道布置g3282未完g6116g2081暂g6365进g8845g12661g451g3250g8845g12661均为g47g32g322m估算g452g8845液运动粘度取421.510/ms=，在g8504设计中主要验算工进和快退工g1929时的压力g6451g3845g4526.1.1工进时压力损失进g8845g12661g17347压力g6451g3845：首先判g2047进g8845g12661液g8981g10378态，由g1122g19659g16846数334440.11070.7200012101.510evdQRdpipi=(6-1)g6937为g4630g8981g452g12661g17347g8851g4630压力g6451g3845：4316441654.34.31.5100.11021012100.62210()LQLPdPa=(6-2)取g12661道g4628g18108g6451g384550.10.062210LPPPa=g8845液g8981经g2345g2533g19412和三位四g17902换g2533g19412的压力g6451g3845g6365下g19766公g5347计算，g7389关数据g16277g159325-1222550.2560.2561.5102100.4170.417VVVnVnQPPQ=+51.3210=（g51g68）(6-3)工进时进g8845g17347g5647压力g6451g3845：5210LVpPPP=+=(g51g68)(6-4)a32a33a34a35a36a37a38a39a40a416a42a43a44a45a46a47a48a5012工进时g3250g8845g17347压力g6451g3845：g3252g3250g8845g12661g17347g8981量2Q为333120.1100.0510(/)22QQms=(6-5)液g8981g10378态经判g7041为g4630g8981（70.72000)eR=，g1122g7171g8851程压力g6451g3845：4316441654.34.31.5100.051021012100.29710()LQLPdPa=(6-6)g4628g18108压力g6451g3845：50.10.029710LPPPa=(6-7)g3250g8845g17347中g8845液g8981经二位三g17902换g2533g19412g451g16855速g19412和三位四g17902换g2533g19412时的压力g6451g3845计算g7053g8873同g990，g23752225550.1280.1281105102100.4170.417VVVnVnQPPQ=+g3255.2810()Pa(6-8)工进时g3250g8845g17347g5647压力g6451g384555.610()LVpPPPPa=+=(6-9)g4570g3250g8845g17347中压力g6451g3845g6252算到进g8845g17347g990，g4613可求g1998工进时g3250g17347中g6984个压力g6451g3845555210.0032105.6104.810()0.006ApppPaA=+=+=(6-10)6.1.2快退时压力损失快退时进g8845g17347和g3250g8845g17347中经g7828查都g7171g4630g8981，进g8845g17347压力g6451g3845为：43164416554.34.31.5100.2251021012101.410()0.10.1410()LQLPdPaPPPa=(6-11)进g8845g17347中g8845液g8981经g2345g2533g19412g451三位四g17902换g2533g19412g451g2345g2533g16855速g19412（g2465g2533时）以g2462二位三g17902换g2533g19412时压力g6451g3845计算g7053g8873同g2081222550.2560.2561.5102100.4170.417VVVnVnQPPQ=+2550.2561101.710()0.417Pa+=(6-12)快退时进g8845g17347g5647压力g6451g3845：53.2410()LVpPPPPa=+=(6-13)a51a52a53a54a55a56a57a58a59a606a61a62a63a64a65a66a67a6813快退时g3250g8845g17347中压力g6451g3845：由g1122122QQ=g15则g73894316444.34.31.51020.2251021012LQLPd=165102.810()Pa=(6-14)522550.10.2810()20.2562102.4610()0.417VVVnVnPPPaQPPPaQ=g3250g8845g17347g5647压力g6451g3845：55.5410()LVpPPPPa=+=(6-15)g4570g3250g8845g17347中的压力g6451g3845g6252算到进g8845g17347g990g2447，可得到快g6524时g3250g8845g17347中的g6984个压力g6451g3845：555210.0033.24105.5410610()0.006ApppPaA=+=+=(6-16)这个数g1552g8616g2419g7481估计的数g1552大，g3252g8504系统中元件规格和g12661道直径g993g4464g1889减g4579g4526.2确定液压泵工作压力工进时，负载压力25142.3966.24(/)6.62410()64LFpNcmPaA=(6-17)液压泵工作压力55(6.6244.8)1011.410()gjLpppPa+=+=(6-18)快退时，负载压力：25270021.88(/)2.8810()32LFpNcmPaA=(6-19)液压泵的工作压力：55(2.886)108.8810()ktLpppPa+=+=(6-20)根据gjp，则溢g8981g19412g16855g6984压力取51210Pag4526.3液压系统的效率由g1122在g6984个工作g5502g10627中，工进g2356用时间最长，g3252g8504，系统的效率可以用工进时的g5785g1929g7481计算g452工进速度为0.0010.0167/ms，则液压缸的输g1998功率为a69a70a71a72a73a74a75a76a77a786a79a80a81a82a83a84a85a861442390.0014.239()42390.016770.79()CCNFVWNFVW=(6-21)液压泵的输g1998功率：5312100.25610307()BNpQW=(6-22)工进时液压g3250g17347效率：4.23970.790.0140.23307307CCBNN=(6-23)液压系统效率BYC=g15取液压泵效率0.75B=，液压缸效率取0.88Y=，g1122g71710.750.88(0.0140.23)0.0090.15BYC=(6-