Unit 1 Growing Up.doc

Unit 1 Growing UpLanguage study 1. off and on: adv. In an intermittent manner: slept off and on last night.He studied English off and on for three years.2. Come to: 1) go back to life The patient may come to at any time.2) the total amount is; equal to How much does our bill come to? 3) talk of When it comes to politics I know nothing. 4) sth occur to sb. A good idea came to me/ occurred to me. 5) come to do : begin to do Until then, he came to realize that he was wrong. 3. take hold: to start to have an effectThe fever was beginning to take hold.Take hold of : grasp sth. concrete or abstractHow can I take hold of your hand?We will take hold of this opportunity.4. associate: To connect or join together; combine; To connect in the mind or imaginationassociate one thing with anotherWe associate China with the Great Wall.What do you associate with such a heavy snow?5. Adj 作宾语补足语： 表状态或结果， 常用在表示“认为，看待，发现”的动词如“believe, prove, consider，find ”等后面。The facts proved his ideas groundless.The news made her very sad.All the people consider the price unreasonable. 6. turn out: a. to shut off/turn off/ switch off: turned out the lights.b. to arrive or assemble, as for a public event or entertainment: A large group of protesters have turned out.c. To produce, as by a manufacturing process; make: an assembly line turning out cars.d. To be found to be, as after experience or trial: The rookie turned out to be the best hitter on the team.Turn out to be: prove to beHis statements turned out to be false.7. agony: The suffering of intense physical or mental pain.His last agony was over. 他临死的挣扎已经过去了。He was in an agony of remorse. 他处于极端悔恨之中be in agony 苦恼不安death agony (=agony of death)临死时的痛苦, 垂死的挣扎in agony of pain在痛苦的挣扎中in an agony of处在极端.状态中8. assign: a. To give out as a task; allot. 作为任务分出；分配b. To ascribe; attribute. 归于；归属be assigned to a new post 被派到新的工作岗位assign a day for a meeting 确定开会日期assign property to another 把财产转让给别人assign ones failure to idleness 将失败归因于懒惰assign homework 留家庭作业9. anticipate: To act in advance so as to prevent; forestall. To foresee and fulfill in advance.预期We anticipate great pleasure from our visit to London. We anticipate hearing from you again. ardently anticipate殷切地期望 confidently anticipate满怀信心地期望anticipate sb.s arrival with much pleasure万分高兴地期待某人的到来。A man who always anticipates his income can never save or become rich.expect, anticipate, hope, await These verbs are related in various ways to the idea of looking ahead to something in the future. To expect is to look forward to the likely occurrence or appearance of someone or something: You can expect us for lunch. 你可以等我们一起吃午饭。We are expecting of our baby. Anticipate有时被用作 expect的同义词，但通常它不仅仅是期望这个意思，有时它指提前采取行动，来阻止预料中某事的发生或在一项要求或愿望说出之前使它得到满足：anticipated the attack and locked the gates; 预见会有袭击并锁上门；anticipating her desires. 预先满足她的愿望。Hope意思是热切期望并对获得所期待之物的可能性方面有一定的信心：I hope to see you soon. 我希望不久就见到你。Hope for the best, but expect the worst. 做最大的希望，但也等待最大的失望。Await意思是满怀期望的等待；暗含肯定性：eagerly awaiting your letter. 热切等待你的来信。10. tedious: Tiresome by reason of length, slowness, or dullness; boring.a tedious story 冗长乏味的故事 tedious work 乏味的工作synonyms: boring, monotonous, tedious, tiresomeI had expected the book to be boring, but on the contrary it was fascinating.What is mono 表示 monotonous的东西令人厌烦是因为缺少变化.“There is nothing so desperately monotonous as the sea”(James Russell Lowell). “没有东西更象大海一样单调到让人绝望了”（詹姆士罗素洛威尔）。Tedious说明令人乏味的缓慢或漫长的曲折：When we travel from coast to coast, we take a plane to avoid spending tedious days on the train. 当从一个海滨旅行到另一个海滨时，我们乘坐飞机以避免在火车上打发无聊时光。tiresome的东西令人厌倦是因为它看起来无穷无尽或毫无变化：“What a tiresome being is a man who is fond of talking?(Benjamin Jowett). “夸夸其谈的人多么令人讨厌”（本杰明乔维特）。11. reputation: The general estimation in which a person is held by the publica man of no reputation默默无闻的人; 没有声望的人a person of reputation有信誉的人, 体面的人build up a reputation博得名声a blot on ones reputation 名誉上的污点have a good bad reputation名誉好坏have a reputation for sth. (=have the reputation of)因.而著名, 以.闻名: be famous forlive up to ones reputation不负盛名; 名副其实lose ruin ones reputation名誉扫地make an evil reputation for oneself弄得声名狼藉of greatgood, high reputation很有声望的, 享有盛名的12. inspire: To fill with enlivening or exalting emotion:inspire sb. with/in sth. 使某人产生某种感情; 激发某人的某种感情inspire sth. into sb. 把某种思想灌输给某人inspire a new thought into sb.将新思想灌输给某人inspire sb.with courage鼓起某人的勇气13. formal: Stiffly ceremonious-informala formal manner; a formal greeting; a formal bow to the monarch.14. rigid: Not flexible; stiff.rigid in ones views 意志坚定rigid discipline 严格的纪律rigid adherence to rules严守规则15. out of date: unfashionableOut-of-date theories on educationThe information in last years tourist guide is already out of date.16. severe: 严厉的- stern ， strict: a severe critic on his own worksStern指强硬的处理、不妥协的决定或冷峻的外表或气质：a stern young man17. comic: Amusing; humorouscomic opera 喜歌剧comic relief (悲剧中穿插的以宽松观众情绪的)喜剧性镜头comic book 美连环图画杂志comic paper 报纸的连环图画版comic strip 连环图画antonym: tragic (来自希腊语tragikos). adj 悲剧的；悲惨的；不幸的a tragic accident 不幸的事故18. antique: An object having special value because of its age for its artistry, beauty, or period of origin.The antique is a fake. 那古董是一件赝品。an antique dealer 古董商19. tackle: try to deal with; To take on and wrestle with (an opponent or a problem, for example)= deal/cope/ do with, handleEveryone has his problem to tackle. The policeman tackled the thief.20. distribute: to deliver or pass outdistribute.over . .配给到分配到, 散布于.distribute sth. to 把某物分配, 发给.distribute sth. among 把某物分配, 发给.distribute books among/to the students distribute seeds over a field distribute, dispense, divide, allocate 都含“分配”的意思。distribute指“将某物分成一定的部分或数量, 通常各份的数量不一定相等, 然后分给某些人或地方”, 如: distribute leaflets 分发传单。In the 19th century the government distributed land to settlers willing to cultivate it. 在19世纪，政府将土地分发给愿意耕种的定居者。Dispense强调根据测理或称重对所分的份额，认真作出决定：dispensing medication 配药； They dispensed new clothes to the children in the orphanage. divide指“把整体分为若干部分”, 份额常是平等的：如:The estate will be divided among the heirs. divide it into two allocate指“分配一定数量的财物或任务给某些人、单位或事业等”, 如:Weve allocated a sum of money to education. 我们已经拨出了一笔教育经费。21. due: 到期的；预定（应到）的；应得的： 应有的，适当的This note will fall due. The delegation is due to come next morning. The salary due to him will be paid tomorrow.They will surely meet with due punishment. 22. face up to: to accept and deal with an unpleasant fact or problem大胆面向：She must face up to the fact that she is no longer young. 她必须正视她已不再年轻这一事实。Theyll never offer you another job; you might as well face up to it.23. sequence: A following of one thing after another; succession. a sequence of bumper harvests 连续的大丰收in historical alphabetical sequence 按历史字母顺序24. argument: A discussion in which disagreement is expressed; a debate. A quarrel; a dispute.It is beyond argument that.是无可争辩的, 不容争辩的是.It is beyond argument that he is the top student in our class. Argument, dispute, controversyArgument：争吵We had an argument with the waiter about the bill. Dispute强调由于涉及相互矛盾的观点而导致意见上的分歧，常常暗含敌意：A dispute arose among union members about the terms of the new contract. 工会会员们在新合同的条款方面产生争执。Controversy尤其用来指大批人，而非个别人在观点上存在的分歧：The use of nuclear power is the subject of widespread controversy. 使用核武力是一个会引起广泛争议的问题。25. recapture: bring back into the mind; experience again.recapture a position from the enemy 从敌人手中夺回阵地recapture the past 回忆过去; 使过去再现 (recall)26. violate: act againstviolate a law violate sb.s privacy The soldiers violated the church by using it as a stable.士兵们把教堂当马厩用而亵渎了它。The sound of guns violated the usual calm of Sunday morning.炮声破坏了平常星期日早晨的宁静。27. compose: an exhibit composed of French paintings; many ethnic groups that compose our pose, consist of, comprise, constitute 这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。compose 在表示“由材料构成”时，见于被动语态Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. 混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。consist of 的含义与被动语态的 compose 相同 Though the costume consists only of a sheet, it was very effective. comprise 在表示“构成”时，其内涵是“包括”或“覆盖”These houses do not comprises all his property.The committee comprises men of widely different views. constitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的This growing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace. Seven days constitutes a week.28. No, nothing, nobody, all.but(=except)Nobody saw it but me.He is the best student but one in the class. (in the second place) Best but one/two, three 第二Last but one/two, three. 倒数第二He has no choice but to wait.He could do nothing but wait. 介词but后的动词带不带to的用法He did nothing but _ a letter. A. write B. to write C. writing D. to have written 此题应选A。看看下面用法：1. 当其前的谓语含有实义动词do(可以是各种形式)时，其后的不定式通常不带to：She will do anything but play chess. 她除了下棋外什么都愿干。He did nothing all day except/but watch TV. 他一整天除了看电视什么也没做。2. 当其前的谓语没有某种形式的实义动词do时，其后的不定式通常要带to：They had no choice but to obey. 他们别无选择只有服从。He wanted nothing but to stay here. 他除了想呆在这里外，其他什么也不想。3. 当其前含有实义动词do但不是用作谓语时，其后的不定式带不带to均可，但以不带to为多见：Theres nothing to do but (to) leave. 只好离开。There was nothing to do but (to) wait. 除了等没有其他的办法。29. Prepare oneself forHe prepared himself for defeat. / He prepared hi