十 英语词汇的新发展.ppt

第十单元英语词汇的新发展 新词和新词学习新词发展的原因英语新词的翻译 什么是新词Neologisms1 Somepeoplethinkitaneasymattertocreateanewwordforsomenewideaornewartifactwithoutbasingitonsomepreexistingwordorpartofaword anditjustwasapurelyarbitrarycombinationofletters justlike BlurbKodakQuarkTylenol 新词和新词学习 Intheworldofmarketing suchcreationsgenerallyaretheresultofmassivecommercialresearchefforts 2 Actually mostofthenewwordsthatevenadvertisingexpertscomeupwitharederivedfromoldwords justlike AleveLubriderm Newwordsreflectourculture1 AstheAmericanwriterandeditorHowardRheingoldsays Findinganameforsomethingisawayofconjuringitsexistence ofmakingitpossibleforpeopletoseeapatternwheretheydidnotseesomethingbefore Sonewwords mostimportantjobistohelpusnameordescribewhatisintheworld 2 Iflanguagedescribestheworld andiftheworldchanges thenlanguagemustalsochangeasawayofkeepingupwiththeworld Soeachnewwordreflectssomethingabouttheculture HereisthelexicographerVictoriaNeufeldtonthisneologism as cultural reflectionidea Theneologismsthatespeciallycaptureourattentionareindeedremarkable somewiththeirmetaphoricalbaggagecanconstituteminiaturesociologicalstudiesinthemselveslikeMcJob forinstance whichforcomprehensiondependsonalltheassociationsandconnotationsofthenameMcDonald s aswellasanawarenessofthedifficultiesofthecurrentemploymentsituation inparticularfornewgraduateswantingtoentertheworkforce 新词研究Researchofnewwords1 Itisvaluabletosetoffnewwordstypographicallysothatwemayreflectonthechangestheysignal 2 However listsofnewwords bythemselves wouldbeindigestibleanunreadable 3 ThereforeGozzi R hassortedthesewordsintorelatedcategoriesandthistechniquecontextualizesthenewwords andalsoallowustoseewhatstoriescanbetoldwiththem 新词研究的意义Whystudynewwords1 Newwordsarethecuttingedgeoflanguage Theycarvesoundsintonewshapesandgiveformtonewaspectsofexperience 2 Recallingandpointingoutthenewwordsservesausefulpurpose forthosewhohavelivedthroughtheperiodstudies asawaytolookbackandimaginewhatlifewaslikebeforetheyhadtheword 3 Anewwordisacondensed codifiedbitofexperience Thereforenewwordsaremakersofculturalattention Bystudyingnewwords wecantellwheretheculturehasnewlyfocuseditsattention whatithasbeentalkingabout Newwordsanswertheeternalquestion whatisnew 4 Puttingnewwordstogethercantellstoriesandgainperspectivesonthechangesofthetimes 5 Newwordsarelargelypartoftheworkingvocabularyoftheculture Theyareinuse doingwhatlanguagedoseandcarvingoutaninterpretedreality withinwhichwelive think andact tosomeextent wefollowwheretheirimplicationsleadus 6 Soastudyofnewwordsbecomesastudyinprediction Usingthisviewoflanguageasareality constructor wecanaskourselvesjustwhatlabelsandwhatinterpretationsourvocabularyprovideuswithtofacethenewnessofthefuture 二 新词发展的原因 ThechangeofvocabularyInventoryofwords 英语词汇的发展 ThevocabularyofEnglishisnotanunchanginglistsofwords Newwordsenterthelanguageeveryday andwordsceasetobeused Thetwosourcesofnewwordsareborrowingandword creation WeborrowedmainlyfromLatin Greek French Thechangeofvocabulary Inventoryofwords Aquickscanofacoupleofpagesinthatrecordstheoriginofourvocabularyrevealsthatmanyentriesinitarehistorically un English Rapidgrowthofhigh techlanguagePoliticizationintechnopollsThecomputerinterface 社会文化原因 TheprogressofmodernscienceandtechnologyisthemainreasonforthedevelopmentofEnglishnewwords Likeblackhole 黑洞 neutrino 中微子 nanometer 纳米 radar 雷达 hovercraft 气垫船 laser 激光 Rapidgrowthofhigh techlanguage ThechangesintheworldeconomicsituationcanoftenbereflectedinEnglishwordsandexpressions Withtheincreaseinthenumberofusers someofthenewwordshavestabilized ToExpressspecificmeaningtoreflectsomeprominentpoliticalrhetoricorrhetoricfeaturesSuchasmeritocracyhomophobiapoliticalcorrectness Politicizationintechnopolls 电脑由desktop 台式 发展到laptop 便携式 又发展到Palmtop 掌上 电脑技术的迅猛发展带来的新词比比皆是 Internet的蓬勃发展早已让WWW webpage website webbrowser webphone webserver等广为流行 Thecomputerinterface Soifsomeonesay KISS PM out of pocket oninternet whatdoesitmeans MentalrulesTherarityofgoogols 新词发展中的人类认知作用 Hownewswordscometobe 合成法词缀法转换法拼缀法重新分析法重叠法首字母缩略法 三 英语新词的翻译 LoanSyllables and CalqueSyllables Hirano 1994 statesthataloanwordwillbeborrowedasclosetotheoriginalformaspossible Therearetwowaysofbeingtruetothatoriginalformsbyc