2019高考英语3-2-1专项18阅读理解-人物故事、人物传(学生版).doc

2019高考英语3-2-1专项18阅读理解-人物故事、人物传（学生版）【考点定位】 2018考纲解读和近几年考点分布人物传记主要向读者介绍科学家、文学家、思想家、政治家、企业家和影视、体育明星等杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，尤其注重介绍这些杰出人物如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的各种困难。为人类做出巨大贡献，也为自己的事业谱写精彩篇章。这些杰出人物不仅推动了社会的进步，而且他们对事业的追求、对人民的厚爱成为时代最重要的精神财富。通过阅读人物的小传记或摘录该人物一些典型事件，如人生的起伏、克服困难取得成功等，考生可以得到激励或受到启发，同时也可以了解这些人物所生活的社会文化背景。故事类阅读理解选材来源于日常生活，给人以似曾相识的感觉。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。若是表达性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应渎懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。1.熟悉人物介绍文特点人物传记是高考英语阅读理解题重要题材，它主要向读者介绍科学家、文学家、思想家、政治家和企业家等杰出人物在各行各业所取得的重大成就，并特别着重介绍这些杰出人物如何克服自身身体残缺或自然环境和社会环境所造成的各种困难，用强烈的事业心和责任感、用汗水和泪水、用鲜血和青春为人类做出巨大贡献，为生命谱写精彩乐章。当然这些杰出人物留给社会的不仅仅是和平发展和经济效益，更重要的是，他们对事业的追求和对人民的厚爱成为我们这个时代最重要的精神财富。 (1)人物时段介绍判断题这种试题往往以What is the article mainly about? What life part of the hero is mentioned in the text? 为设问方式考查对人物时段介绍的判断。因为人物传记往往介绍杰出人物一生学习、工作和生活情况，因此这种试题往往以The life of the hero.或The whole life of the hero is mentioned in our text.为答案。这种试题也可转换形式，以How old is the hero now? How old was the hero when he died? How many years did he live?为设问方式。因为人物传记往往要从人物出生介绍到现在/人物死亡，因此推算这些试题答案时，应仔细分析思考人物的起止年龄。(2)童年生活质量判断题人物传记常出现What do we know about his childhood?之类的试题。杰出人物为什么有超强的毅力和惊人的吃苦精神？因为他们从小身处逆境饱尝生活艰辛，从此发奋努力，全力实现心中理想，因此这种试题答案多为：He lived a hard life.或He had an unhappy childhood.或He didn抰 live as happy as the other children.(3)人物简历正确顺序判断题人物传记的最大特点就是记叙人物一生的经历，因此人物简历正确顺序判断题是常考试题，这种试题往往从人物全部活动中挑选46个重要活动并打乱其顺序，要求学生重新排序，并选择相应正确答案。解题时应先阅读试题中所列46个重大事件，力争对事件有一定印象，然后回到原文中重新阅读原文，并从事件的发生、发展、高潮及事件发生的前因后果等角度仔细排列事件发生的前后顺序。解题时切忌使用一一代入法，因为这么做看似可行，其实费时又费力，而且这么做难度加大，极易产焦虑心理，陷入恶性循环。(4)人物名言理解判断题杰出人物经过长期默默无闻的努力终获成功后，一定会引起人们强烈关注，因此媒体采访其先进事迹并加以褒扬和宣传是理所当然的事。而最成功的人往往又是最谦虚的人，尤其是杰出人物平凡甚至卑微的出生让他们觉得自己的成功算不上什么，不值得大竖特竖，因此这些杰出人物谦虚的语言往往成为新闻媒体更为关注的内容，这也成了杰出人物最能打动人们的地方。因此人物传记阅读理解常出现人物名言理解判断题。这些试题往往以“ ”means_.为设问方式考查对人物名言的正确理解。其答案往往为I am ordinary或I抦 nothing. 或I抦 just so-so等。 (6)人物性格判断题人们常所说有成就的人往往是有个性的人，可以说正是杰出人物的独特个性铸就了他的成功，因此探究人物个性也成了人物传记阅读理解重要题型，不过这种试题与人物成功原因判断题有异曲同工之处，其回答也大同小异，这里不再赘述。(7)人物重要成果判断题所有人物介绍文均会介绍杰出人物重要成果，因此常出现人物重要成果判断题，这种试题常以What was the use of.?.would solve.为设问方式，解题时应认真阅读原文对人物重要成果的介绍及其主要作用和现实意义，从而准确解答试题。(8)人物困难判断题杰出人物的成功不是一帆风顺的，都会出现重大困难，因此人物介绍文常出现人物困难判断题，这种试题常以What was the biggest difficulty that.faced? .failed to continue his research work because.，解题时应认真阅读原文对人物困难的描绘，将所遇困难进行排列，并弄清其最大困难是什么，以便准确做题。(9)人物地位判断题杰出人物可能逝世多年，但人们是不会忘记他们的，人们是会公平评价他们的历史地位的，因此人物介绍文常出现人物地位判断题，这种试题常以From the passage, we can infer that.或According to the passage,.was.为设问方式，解题时应认真阅读原文对人物重大贡献及社会影响进行介绍的内容，从而准确解答试题。阅读这类文章，应特别注意对任务的外貌、语言、动作、思想的描写，进而把握人节呢？首先，从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中寻找细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，迅速比较选项和文中细节的区别。若是表达性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。它们是我们读懂故事所必需的。若是幽默故事，应体会风趣的对话、特别的动作，它们是幽默的精髓。【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，表达文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用以下方式来提问1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.All of the following are true except.4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc.？【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。2.间接事实题 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容1.短文的标题（title,headline）；2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；3.中心思想(main idea)；4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。二、此类题的设问方式1.What would be the best title for the text?2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.What is the passage mainly about?4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is_.考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.We can infer from the Passage that_.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.The writer implies that_.7.It can be inferred that_.8.It can be concluded from the Passage that_.9.On the whole,we can conclude that_.10.From the text we can conclude that_.11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that_.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author is inclined to think that_.14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that_.15.Whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16.In the writers opinion,.考点四、词义、句义猜测。词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。此类题的设问方式主要有1.The word “.”in Line.means/can be replaced by.2.As used in the passage,the phrase “.”suggests.3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “.” is/referred to.4.The word “.” is closest in meaning to.猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。1.定义法。如:Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is,it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就说明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。【三年高考】 【三年高考】 10、11 、12高考试题及其解析 2018高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之人物传记类 2018上海卷 (A) Phil White has just returned from an 18,000mile, aroundtheworld bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised 70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. Whites second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not. White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than 1,300 hours in the saddle (车座) and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road. The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For 1,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr. White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he _. A. broke the world record B. collected money for Oxfam C. destroyed several bikes D. travelled about 1,300 hours66. What does the word “epic” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. Very slow but exciting. B. Very long and difficult. C. Very smooth but tiring. D. Very lonely and depressing.67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _. A. fought heroically against robbers in IranB. experienced the extremes of heat and cold C. managed to ride against the wind in Australia D. had a team of people who travelled with him68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White? A. Imaginative. B. Patriotic. C. Modest. D. Determined.It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luckof fate, really. When you set out to do something different, theres no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract(合同)of the publisherto be a published writeris unbelievably rewarding(有回报的)49. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?AI was waiting for good fortune.BI was trying to find an admirable job.CI was being aimless about a suitable job.DI was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.50. The author decided to write a novel_.Ato finish the writing course Bto realize her own dreamCto satisfy readers wishDto earn more money51. How did the writer feel halfway with the novel?ADisturbed. BAshamed. CConfident. DUncertain.52. What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the last paragraph?AIt pays to stick to ones goal.BHard work can lead to success.CShe feels like being unexpectedly lucky.DThere is no end in sight when starting to do something.2017高考英语试题 阅读理解分类汇编之人物传记类（2017福建卷）DJacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed（展现）herself as she did nowhere else.After the death of her second husband, Greek shipping magnate（巨头）Aristotle Onassis, Jacquelines close friend and former White House social secretary Letitia Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career（职业）in publishing. After consideration, Jacqueline accepted it. Perhaps she hoped to find there some idea about how to live her own life. She became not less but more interested in reading. For the last 20 years of her life, Jacqueline worked as a publishers editor, first at Viking, then at Doubleday, pursuing（追求）a late-life career longer than her two marriages combined. During her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books. Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes. She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Jose Campbell to transform their popular television conversations into a book, The Power of Myth. The book went on to become an international best-seller. She dealt, too, with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography（自传）, Moonwalk.Jacqueline may have been hired for name and for her social relations, but she soon proved her worth. Her choices, suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself. In the books she selected for publication, she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind. Her books are the autobiography she never wrote. Her role as First Lady, in the end, was overshadowed by her performance as an editor. However, few knew that she had achieved so much.68.We can learn from the passage that Jacqueline _A. because fond of reading after working as an editorB. was in charge of publishing 100 booksC. promoted her books through social relationsD. gained a lot from her career as an editor69. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that_A. Jacqueline ended up as an editor rather as First LadyB. Jacquelines life as First Lady was more colorful than as an editorC. Jacqueline was more successful as an editor than as First LadyD. Jacquelines role as First Lady was more brilliant than as an editor70. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Jacquelines two marriages lasted more than 20 yearsB. Jacquelines own publishing firm was set up eventuallyC. Jacquelines views and beliefs were reflected in the books she editedD. Jacquelines achievements were widely known.71.The passage is mainly_A. an introduction of Jacquelines life both as First Lady and as an editorB. a brief description of Jacquelines lifelong experiencesC. a brief account of Jacquelines career as an editor in her last 20 yearsD. an analysis of Jacquelines social relations in publishing（2017重庆卷）DWilliam Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13,1865. His childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. In fact, he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his family both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally settled on literature , particularly drama (戏剧) and poetry.Yeats had strong faith in coming of new artistic movements. He set himself the fresh task in founding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s.His early theatrical experiments,however,were not received favorably at the beginning. He didnt lose heart,and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama.Compared with his dramatic works, Yeatss poems attract much admiring notice.The subject matter includes love, nature, history, time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very tradisional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. As his literary life progressed, his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition.He had not enjoyed a major public life since winning the Nobel Price in 1923.Yet,he continued writing almost to the end of his life. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40,he would probably now his valued as a manor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75. After Yeatss death in 1939, W.H. Auden wrote, among others, the following lines:Earth,recive an honoured guest:William Yeats is laid to rest.Let the Irish vessel (船) lieEmptied of its poetry70.What kind of feeling is expressed in W.H.Audens lines?A.EnvyB.SympathyC.EmptinessD.Admiration71.What is the passage mainly about?A.Yeatss literary achievementsB. Yeatss historical infuluenceC. Yeatss artistic ambitionD. Yeatss national honor（2017山东卷）A Arthur Miller(1915-2005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Millers father had moved to the USA from Austria HungaryDrawn like so many other by the“Great American Dream”However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the earlv l930s. Milless most famous play, Death of a SaIesman, is a powerful attack on the American system.with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into double with his worth. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment : if he cant do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at loss as to what to do with his lack of sucess. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end. When it was first staged in 1949 ,the play was greeted with enthusiastic revews,and it won the Tony Award for Best Play,the New York Drama Critics Circle Award,and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards. Millerl died of hear failure at his home in Roxbury,Connecticut,on the evening of February 10,2005,the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.56. Why did Arthur Miller s father move to the USA?A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.B. He was attracted by the Great American Dream.C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.D. His family business failed.2018年高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之故事类故事类 2018陕西卷 BThree Boys and a DadBrad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. Expecting a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months.“This will be like a walk in the park，” hed told his wife. “Ill look after the kids, and you can go visit your mom.”Things started well, but just after eight oclock, his three little “good kids”Mike, Randy, and Alexcame down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted “breakfast，daddy.” When food had not appeared within thirty seconds, Randy began using his spoon on Alexs head as if it were a drum. Alex started to s