高考阅读理解题型-观点态度题详解及练习.docx

后面有练习最后是练习的答案，包括词汇和难点解析。都是我一个一个字打上去的高考考纲中对考生阅读理解部分的要求如下：（1）理解主旨和要义 （2）理解文中具体信息 （3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义 （3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义 （4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度 （5）理解文章的基本结构对应有（1）主旨大意题 （2）细节与推理判断题 （3）词义猜测提 （4）观点态度题 （5）篇章结构题 五种基本的阅读理解题型。今天我们要讲的就是五种基本题型之一的观点态度题例一、 2009年陕西卷“Old wives tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example, most of us remember our parents telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time. Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration.Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs dont hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated from thousands of years of experience in family health care. 54. What is the authors attitude toward “old wives tales” in the text?A. Subjective B. Objective C. Dissatisfied D. Curious 例二、The internet will open up new vistas (前景), create the global villageyou can make new friends all around the world. That, at least, is what it promised us. The difficulty is that it did not take the human mind into account. The reality is that we cannot keep relationships with more than a limited number of people. No matter how hard the internet tries to put you in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.The problem is twofold（双重的）. First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with. That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest （投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute whats left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline （减弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.This is not, of course, to say that the internet doesnt serve a socially valuable function. Of course it does. But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the world, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going even though you have to more to the other side of the world.In one sense, thats a good thing. But it also has a disadvantage. If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see them, then certainly you arent using your time to make new friends where you now live. And I suspect that probably isnt the best use of your time. Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other, face to face. The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it wont stop that happening eventually.75、What is the authors attitude towards the use of the internet to strengthen relationships?A. He is uncertain about it. B. He is hopeful of it.C. He approves of it. D. He doubts it.例三、This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.30、What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.Tolerant B.Doubtful C.Respectful D.Supportive引类问题的几种提问方式(1)Whats the writers attitude to ?(2)Whats the tone of the passage?(3)The authors view is _(4)The writers attitude of .this passage is apparently _(5)The authors opinion could be best described as_(6)Which of the following statements would the author be LEAST /MOST likely to agree with?(7)Which of the following statements indicates the authors attitude toward _?推测作者的写作意图时，必须要先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述重点和材料的安排。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者 ；广告类英文文的目的一般是为了推销产品或者服务 ；议论文的目的是要阐述观点 ；科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识，帮助大家广文博见 。大家做题之前，应先熟悉在考题中常常出现的表示态度的词汇。表示客观的词：objective, impartial, neutral（中立的），disinterested无私的 unbiased没有偏见的unprejudiced公平的，无偏见的 factual事实的，实际的 informative提供信息的主观的/偏见的：subjective, prejudiced, biased, partial漠不关心：Indifferent, uninterested, carefree, detached, unconcerned困惑、迷茫不知所措的：confused, perplexed, puzzled, ambiguous感情色彩深、程度深：enthusiastic, strong, completely, radical程度较浅，谨慎的：preserved, qualified, tempered, guarded积极意义的：positive肯定的，积极的favorable赞成的，有利的consent赞成，同意supportive支持的，支援的defensive辩护的，保卫的optimistic乐观的confident自信的，确信的respectful尊敬的approval赞成，承认sympathetic赞成，支持 humorous幽默的 sober清醒的消极意义的：negative否定的，消极的critical批评的sarcastic（讽刺的）worried焦虑的，担心的pessimistic悲观的apprehensive忧虑的opposed反对的suspicious怀疑的doubtful可疑的，不确定的ironic说反话的，讽刺的disapproval不赞成objection反对，不赞成opposition反对criticism批评，批判 indignant气愤的做观点态度题时要注意：1.注意不要把我们自己的好恶态度糅进其中，不要用带有主观倾向的视角评判作者态度。2.作者引用别人的观点时，我们勿必分辨清楚作者引用的观点是作为支持还是反对的例证，要注意区分作者本人的态度和作者引用的观点的态度。3.有作者观点、态度是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定。对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩旺旺隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或者副词如：fortunately, excessively, too many等练习一、You may not have heard of Ashoka，but for the past 27 years，this association，founded by Bill Drayton，has fought poverty（贫困）and sickness，promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes，Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising “changemakers” seeking to solve（解决）urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.75、The authors attitude towards Ashokas program can be described as . A.changing B.forgiving C.cautious D.positive二、2009年浙江卷Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at photo 51. It wasnt much -a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showedthe shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Willkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out. Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “if her photo hadnt been there, the others couldnt have come up with the structure.” one reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitions. What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return,” As Franklins competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchersWatson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklins was only two steps away from the solution.” No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,” 64. What is the writers attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?A Disapproving. B. Respectful. C. Admiring. D. Doubtful.三、 2009全国I卷 We spent about two hours in Nancy, then sailed on the Canal de la Marne au Rhine. Kind of a lazy day, eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner. After dinner we watched a tape on Baccarat, where we will visit tomorrow. It was pleasant to sit out on deck (甲板) and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph.Today we sailed from Schneckenbush to Saverne. We went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey. This river scenery is very different. We were in a mountain valley with grassland on one side and a forest beginning to show some color on the other.79. What does the author think of the tour? A. Tiring. B. Expensive. C. Enjoyable. D. Quick.四、Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists（心理学家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, peoples lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival（生存）. Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. The writer of the text has a _ attitude towards dangerous sports.A. positive（肯定的） B. negative（否定的） C. neutral （中立的） D. Nervous五、Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around. And judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, Im not alone in my opinion. (2008年浙江卷D篇)54. What was the writers attitude towards jogging in the beginning?A. He felt it was worth a try.B. He was very fond of it.C. He was strongly against it.D. He thought it must be painful.六、2009年浙江卷In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh(法老) treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off. Shades of that spirit spread over todays conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, “Oh boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says its going to rain.” I wanted to strike him on the race with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his smile.Its not the news that makes someone angry. Its the unsympathetic attitude with which its delivered. 57. In the writers opinion, his neighbor was _.A. friendly B. warm-hearted C. not considerate D. not helpful七、On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my fathers friends for lunch at an outdoor caf. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate at the street table, and laughed over my sons funny facial expressions. Gone was my fathers critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before? (2008年全国卷I A篇)58. What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?A. More critical. B. More talkative. C. Gentle and friendly. D. Strict and hard-working.需要强调的是，学生在解答作者观点、态度和意图题时往往易犯主观臆断、凭空想象、随意揣测、以自己的观点代替作者的观点等错误。因此，要特别注意以下几个问题：1. 对于新闻报道，作者往往持中立态度。而对于议论文，作者的态度要么支持，要么反对，带中立色彩的选项常常是错误的。同时，感情色彩过于强烈的表达也应该排除。2. 不要加入自己的态度。要注意区分考察的是作者的态度还是作者引用的别人的态度3. 当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要根据作者在文章中所运用的具有褒贬含义的词语去判断作者的态度，如wonderfully，successfully，unfortunately，doubtful等。4. 注意辨认那些是事实，哪些是观点，并在此基础上将上下文联系起来分析，最后确认文章所陈述的内容到底代表了作者的观点课后练习：一、Autumn means different things to different people“It all depends on your personality，”said British naturalist Richard Mabey“Personality shapes your view of the season，”he said“You may see it as a fading-away，a packing up（结束），or as a time of packing in another sensethe exciting gathering of resources before a long journey”If this is true，perhaps it tells us a little about，for instance，Thomas Hood，the 19th Century English poetAbout November，he wrote：No warmth，no cheerfulness，no healthful easeNo shade，no shine，no butterflies，no beesNovember!On the other hand，another English poet John Keats，already sensing he was seriously ill，was inspired by a late September day to pen one of the most famous poems in the English language，ToAutumnHe wrote to a friend afterwards that there was something comforting and healing about itAccording to Richard Mabey，Keats has the biological evidence on his sideAutumn is not a time of slowing down，but a time of new beginnings and great movements of creaturesFor example，just at the moment that Keatss “gathering swallows”（inToAutumn）are departing for Africa，millions of creatures are fleeing from the frozen north like Iceland，Greenland and Russia to winter along the east and south coasts of BritainAccording to scientists，before falling，the leaves transfer their chlorophyll（叶绿素）and carbohydrates into the woody parts of the tree for safe keeping over winterWhat remains is the natural antioxidants（防老剂）in the leaves：the yellow and orange carotenoids（类胡萝卜素），and another protective chemical specially produced for autumn，the bright-red anthocyanin（花青素）High color is not a signal of deterioration（退化）and decline，but of detox（排毒的）ability and good healthA century after Keats，the American poet Loren Eiseley wrote in his journal：“Suppose we saw ourselves burning like maples in a golden autumnAnd that we could break up like autumn leavesdropping their substance like chlorophyllWould not our attitude towards death be different?”1、From Thomas Hoods poem，we may infer that _A.he suffered a lot from cold NovemberB.he missed the shining summer days very muchC.he had a negative attitude towards autumnD.he enjoyed butterflies and bees very much2、In autumn，leaves turn yellow before falling because _A.they cant bear the freezingB.they cant get enough water from the wood partC.chlorophyll and carbohydrates have been lost through leavesD.chlorophyll and carbohydrates have come back to the wood part3、From the passage we can learn that _A.autumn has different faces in different peoples eyesB.John Keats was a good biologist as well as a poetC.all creatures move from the cold north to Britain for winterD.the three poets were only known for their poems about autumn4、Which word can best describe Loren Eiseleys attitude towards autumn?A.Fearful B.Optimistic C.Doubtful D.Realistic5、What does the underlined sentence mean?A.Man can never live long，just as leaves must leave the tree annuallyB.Man is different from autumn leaves，which will come again the next springC.Man should have a positive attitude towards death，quite different from autumn leavesD.Man should treat death calmly，just as autumn leaves fall to the ground二、When I was young I wanted to be a model，so when a national contest was staged，I convinced my parents to take me for an audition（试演）I was selected and told I had potentialThey said that for only $900 I could attend a weekend event which dozens of the most prestigious（有声望的）modeling agencies from around the world would attendAt 13，my hopes of fame and fortune clouded all judgment and I begged my parents to let me goWe have never been rich，but they saw my enthusiasm and agreedI imagined being signed by some famous model companiesFor months，any boredom or disappointment I faced was pushed aside because I knew 1 would soon have the chance to be a real modelI thought I would grace the covers of famous magazines!Of course，1 wasnt signed，but what hurt the most was being told that if I grew to 59（about 1.75 metres）I could be a successI prayed for a growth spurt（冲刺）because I could not imagine giving up my dreamI made an appointment with a local modeling agency and the agent demanded $500 for classes，$500 for a photo shoot，and $300 for other expensesMy parents only agreed after hours and hours of my beggingThe agency sent me out on a few auditions，but with every day I didnt receive a call，I grew more depressedThe final strawcame in July after I had decided to focus on commercial modelingThere was an open call in New York CityWe spent hours driving and another few hours waiting，only to be told that 1 was too shortI was devastated（极度不安的）Years later，I realized that the trip to New York was good as it made me notice I didnt actually love modeling，just the idea of itI wanted to be special and I was innocently determined to reach an impossible goalThe experience has made me stronger and that will help me in the future1、Whats the main reason why the author wanted to be a model?A.She won a national contestB.She wanted to get reputation and wealthC.She was urged by some modeling agenciesD.She had full potential to be a successful model2、Whats the authors parents attitude toward her dream?A.Encouraging B.Worried C.Doubtful D.Enthusiastic3、What was it that made the author end her attempt to become a model?A.Her parents were strongly against itB.She realized that it was impossible for herC.Even a local modeling agency turned her downD.She realized that she didnt actually love the idea of modeling4、The underlined phrase “The final straw” probably means _A.the last in a series of bad things that happen to make someone very upset，angry，etcB.the final result that she was admitted by the model companyC.the final audition given by the agencyD.the decision that she made at last not to be a model any more5、What did the author learn from her experience of struggling to be a model?A.Where theres a will theres a wayB.Being a model is not that easyC.We should have our own judgment and should not just follow othersD.We might set unpractical goals but the experience can help us grow三、Nowadays more and more traditional businessmen feel worried that growing e-commerce will decrease th