试论甘肃农村初中英语口语能力培养.doc

分类号 密 级 编 号 本科生毕业论文题 目 试论甘肃农村初中英语口语能力培养 学 院 外国语学院 专 业 英 语 作者姓名 陈 惠 班 级 2007级八班 学 号 274010801 指导教师 杨 瑞 峰 提交日期 2011. 5. 25 The Cultivation of Junior Middle School Students Spoken English Ability in Rural Areas of Gansu Province矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。 Chen Hui A thesissubmitted to the School of Foreign Languages and Literature Tianshui Normal University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree 聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。ofBACHELOR OF ARTSinENGLISH LANGUAGETianshui, GansuMay, 2011原创性声明本人郑重声明：本人所呈交的论文是在指导教师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果。学位论文中凡是引用他人已经发表或未经发表的成果、数据、观点等均已明确注明出处。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的科研成果。残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。本声明的法律责任由本人承担。论文作者签名： 年 月 日 论文指导教师签名：The Cultivation of Junior Middle School Students Spoken English Ability in Rural Areas of Gansu Province酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。Chen HuiAbstract: Widely spoken in the world, English plays a quite important role in modern society. With the development of science and technology, China has taken part in more and more international co-operations. This inevitable tendency requires a number of qualified English personnel in society. The final purpose of learning a language is to communicate with others, thus the spoken English is quite important. Having conducted a case study in Meichuan Middle School in Min county Dingxi City, the author of this thesis has studied the present situation of spoken English teaching and learning in rural areas of Gansu Province and found the situation is far from satisfactory. The author brings forth some methods for spoken English teaching and learning. As students guide, teachers can cultivate students interest in speaking English and conduct them to do more effective exercises. Students ought to cultivate their interest in speaking English and do more practice. 彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。 Key words: Spoken English; cultivation of ability; interest; practice謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。试论甘肃农村初中英语口语能力培养陈惠 【摘要】作为世界上广泛使用的语言，英语在现代社会中起着重要作用。随着科学技术的发展，中国已参与了越来越多的国际间的合作。这种不可避免的趋势就需要社会上有大量英语人才。学习语言的目的在于交流，因此，口语的表达能力是非常重要的。本论文作者在定西市岷县梅川中学做了一个问卷调查，发现甘肃农村初中英语口语教学现状不容乐观。针对这一发现，本论文作者分析了造成这种现状的原因并提出了一些提高那个地区中学生英语口语能力的建议。作为学生的领路人，老师可以激发学生讲英语的兴趣并指导他们做更多有效实践。学生应该培养讲英语的兴趣并做更多练习。厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。【关键词】英语口语；能力培养；兴趣；实践CONTENTSI. Introduction .11.1 The condition of spoken English teaching and learning.1茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。1.2 A review over the past research on spoken English.2鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。II. Research Design and Findings.3籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。2.1 Research design.32.2 Findings of the research.3預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。III. Some Methods in Teaching Spoken English .4 渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。3.1 Creating a relaxing class atmosphere.4铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。3.2 Giving students more encouragement5 擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。3.3 Some practical methods in teaching.6贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。 3.3.1 English daily report.6 3.3.2 Role-play7 3.3.3 Encouraging students to ask questions.8坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。 3.3.4 Using pictures.9 IV. Useful Methods for Students Speaking English10蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。 4.1 Cultivating interest in speaking English10 買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。 4.2 Imitating standard pronunciation11綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。 4.3 Retelling in English.124.4 Widening English daily words.12驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。V. Conclusion.13 猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。References.14 Acknowledgements.15锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。I. Introduction1.1 The condition of spoken English teaching and learning 構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。The author of this paper conducted a questionnaire which indicates that the present situation of spoken English teaching and learning in rural areas of Gansu province is far from satisfactory. There are various reasons. First of all, students and teachers pay less attention to oral English. At present, there are few exams of spoken English in those areas, thus students and teachers dont pay enough attention to spoken English. Teachers usually judge students English ability by their written exams. The main purpose of teachers and students is to get high grades to pass exams. Second, Chinese atmosphere has negative influence on oral English teaching and learning. Students in rural areas of Gansu Province are surrounded by the Chinese language atmosphere and there are few chances for them to practice their oral English. So they may feel embarrassed to speak English in public. Third, in rural areas of Gansu Province, the teaching condition is very poor. Teaching facilities and staff are not enough. Teachers teach students English with traditional methods. Students dont have radios to listen to English and they dont even have good English materials. What they can do is only to follow their teachers teaching. Whats worse, because of lacking teaching staff, a lot of teachers in these areas are not professional. They themselves cant speak English fluently and some of them even just know some basic English skills. The average English level of students there is very poor, let alone spoken English.輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。1.2 A review over the past research on spoken English teaching and learning尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。Widely spoken in the world, English plays a quite important role in modern society. With the development of science and technology, China has taken part in more and more international co-operations. This inevitable tendency requires a number of qualified English personnel in society. The final purpose of learning a language is to communicate with others, thus the spoken English is quite important. Many scholars have realized the importance of spoken English and have done some relevant researches. 识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。Linguist French says that spoken English is first and words are second. Spoken English should be conducted by the task-based principle in order to improve the level of spoken English (Nunan David, 1999). However, they did not propose practical ways of improving spoken English ability. 凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴。Many Chinese scholars also realize the importance of spoken English and express some suggestions about how to improve spoken English level. Li Tingxiang in 1993 concluded English teaching experience and borrowed good aspects of foreign language teaching from abroad in English Teaching. Liu Jinlan in 2006 pointed out that traditional and poor teaching methods should be changed completely in spoken English teaching so as to improve students capacity of communication. In order to realize this goal, relevant factors influencing the spoken English teaching effects should be known very well, such as psychological factors, cultural differences and so on. “Asking and answering is the main means of improving capacity of language communication in class teaching” (Xu Xiuting, 2006). Another scholar, Yang Ping in mainland China says that teaching contents is the main objective evidence by which teachers creative contexts. In the process of teaching, whether the contexts are creatived or not, what kind of contexts and in what form the contexts appear, which are decided by teaching material traits and teaching goals (Yang Ping, 2006).恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦。From what has been discussed above, scholars neglected the present situation of oral English teaching and learning in most remote areas, although Chinese and overseas scholars have realized the importance of spoken English and discussed some teaching and learning methods of spoken English. However, most of these methods are not suitable for students in those areas. Having conducted a case study in Meichuan Middle School in Min county Dingxi City, the author of this thesis has studied the present situation of spoken English teaching and learning in rural areas of Gansu Province. Whats more, the author has analyzed the reasons of this situation and discussed some means of spoken English teaching and learning which are suitable for junior middle school students in those areas. The author hopes that junior middle school students in those areas can improve their spoken English ability in order to reach the goal of English learning.鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫。II. Research Design and Findings2.1 Research DesignThe study lasted for nearly one month, from September 25th to October 20th, 2010. At the beginning of the study, a questionnaire was made. After this, the questionnaire was carried out. Then the author of this thesis collected and analyzed the questionnaire. The subjects are junior middle school students in Meichuan Middle School in Dingxi City, 100 students in total. The major instrument used in the paper was class observation and questionnaire. In order to know the situation of spoken English teaching and learning of junior middle school students in rural areas of Gansu province, a questionnaire was designed. The self-made questionnaire was composed of nine questions. Some of these questions contain three alternatives marked A, B, and C, the others contain four alternatives marked A, B, C and D. 硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹。2.2 Findings of the researchIn order to get the results of the study, the author collected and analyzed the data of this questionnaire carefully. As for Question One, 81 students chose answer C, that is to say, there are multimedia classrooms in their school, but they are hardly used. As for Question Two, 93 students chose answer B, namely, nobody speak English well in their class. As for Question Three, 80 students chose answer D, that is to say, students hardly speak English in this middle school. As for Question Four, 86 students chose answer C, namely, students in that school never communicate with English. As for Question Five, 89 students chose answer B, that is to say, they do not think English important. As for Question Six, 87 students chose B, namely, they do not practice spoken English. As for Question Seven, 91 students chose answer C, that is to say, their English teacher always pronounces incorrectly. As for Question Eight, 89 students chose D, namely, their English teacher hardly speak English in class. As for Question Nine, all the students investigated chose B, that is to say, their parents cant speak English. The data of this questionnaire indicates that the present situation of spoken English teaching and learning in rural areas of Gansu province is far from satisfactory. There are many reasons. First of all, students and teachers pay less attention to oral English. At present, there are few exams of spoken English in those areas, thus students and teachers dont pay enough attention to oral English. Teachers often judge students English ability by their written exams. The main purpose of teachers and students is to get high grades to pass exams. Second, Chinese atmosphere has negative influence on oral English teaching and learning. Students in rural areas of Gansu Province are surrounded by the Chinese language atmosphere and there are few chances for them to practice their spoken English. So they may feel embarrassed to speak English in public. Third, in rural areas of Gansu Province, the teaching condition is very poor. Teaching facilities and teaching staff are not enough. Teachers teach English with traditional methods. Students dont have radios to listen to English and they dont even have good English materials. What they can do is only to follow their teachers teaching. Whats worse, because of lacking teaching staff, a lot of teachers in these areas are not professional. They themselves cant speak English fluently and some of them even just know some basic English skills. The average English level of students there is very poor, let alone spoken English. Because of all these factors, spoken English level of junior middle school students is very low in rural areas of Gansu province. The following parts are some methods for spoken English teaching and learning.阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖。III. Some Methods in Teaching Spoken EnglishAs is known, teachers play a quite important role in English teaching and learning. Their duties are not only to pass knowledge to students and help students pass exams, but also to light up students methods in their study. Being the guide of learning, teachers role can influence students greatly. First of all, they ought to improve their own oral English. Second, they ought to pay more attention to teaching and learning of spoken English.氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘颔澩。3.1 Creating a relaxing Class Atmosphere The efficiency of English learning and teaching has close relation to the atmosphere both in and out of class. Broadly speaking, there are two factors that may influence students oral English in class. One is that they cant find proper words to express their opinions and the other is that they are afraid of making mistakes. Sometimes they make mistakes while they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. So relaxed class atmosphere can help students speak English actively. Teachers ought to work hard to create relaxed atmosphere to decrease students feelings of fear. There are some ways for teachers to create relaxed class atmosphere. First, it is very important for teachers to have the first class with a long and friendly introduction. Tell your students as much as possible about yourself and experiences because students are always very curious about their new teacher. Dont forget to live time at the end of the class for the questions. Students have many questions, even if they are shy and timid. A few students might boldly ask questions immediately. Many will need encouragement and time to collect their thoughts after you have finished your introduction, even if you have told them you expect them to ask questions. The most timid students might even require you to ask them write the questions down and hand them in. In any case, presenting yourself in the first class as a warm and interesting teacher can make students feel that you are an approachable teacher. They will express themselves actively and boldly in future. Second, a sense of humor in the classroom is very useful. This might even be the best way to create a relaxed atmosphere. A teacher that jokes with the students will find the students much more active. Third, teachers should not overcorrect your students spoken English. Of course, teachers job is to improve your students learning, but it does not mean that teachers should correct every sentence. Improving students spoken English also mean giving them ample chances to practice it in class as well as boosting their confidence in their spoken English ability. If teachers overcorrect students spoken English all the time, students will think that their spoken English is very poor and they may speak English less much in class.釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘。3.2 Giving Students More Encouragement Students are likely to make mistakes while having conversations and answering questions in English. Teachers should be tolerant to students when they make mistakes. It is very unwise that teachers immediately correct mistakes that students make, because students thinking will be interrupted. Whats more, it will give students psychological pressure and make students feel awkward. Teachers should speak highly of their students for their progress after they finish their performance. Meanwhile, teachers should point out mistakes that students make in an indirect way. Here are some practical methods:怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉。a). Give them praise though they are speaking a little English 谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類。b). Be patient and look for chances to let students express themselves and never get them nervous and awkward嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩。c). Be a friendly and approachable teacher to all of the students熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库。d). Treat all the students with the same attitude3.3 Some Practical Methods in Teaching Practice makes perfect. Teachers should let students to do more practice in spoken English learning. It is very important for teachers to give their students a variety of speaking activities so that they will be able to cope with different situations in reality. Variety also helps keep motivation high. Any kind of activity, if overused, may become less interesting. The reason why designing a variety of activities is that the students have different learning style, so some kinds of activities may suit some students, while other activities may suit other students.鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞。3.3.1 English Daily ReportTeachers can let students give daily report in English before class. Topics could not be confined. Students can say something in simple English that is happening around them, including some news or jokes, whatever they want to say for 12 minutes.纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛。In order to get good results, teachers can let students do preparation in advance. At the very beginning, students can pick up some simple topics and tell it in plain English, for example:颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷。“Hi, boys and girls! I am Tom. Im 16 years old this year. Today is Friday. It is sunny and its a good day for hiking. I am going to Shanghai this weekend with my sister. May all of you a good weekend. Thanks a lot.”濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻。Gradually, they can talk about some complicated topics or even some important news which has a lot of information. Here is another example:銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼。“Linda is my best friend and I treasure the friendship between us very much. We were primary school classm