最好的名词性从句导学案附答案.doc

名词性从句（noun clauses）教学目标：掌握名词性从句的四大类型以及它们的用法，并能判断出练习中的句子属于什么从句类型，会做一些简单的练习。教学重点：1. 主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，让学生能快速判断出一个句子属于什么类型的从句。2. 注意宾语从句的时态呼应。教学难点：1. that什么情况下可以省略，什么情况下不可以省略。2. whether 和if 什么时候可以互换，什么时候不可以互换。3. 如何区分同位语从句与定语从句。教学过程：Leadin: exercises1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.A. That B. What C. Why D. If2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.A. that B. if C. whether D. what3. This is _ he was often late for school.A. what B. that C. why D. whether4. We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun.A. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; move完成以上四个题目，并分别指出它们是什么从句，从而导出名词性从句的学习。一名词性从句的概念： 一个句子在连接词的引导下，在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。二名词性从句的功能： 相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。His job is important. (主语)What he does is important. (主语从句) This is his job. (表语)This is what he does every day. (表语从句)I dont like his job. (宾语) I dont like what he does every day. (宾语从句) I dont know about the man, Mr. White. (同位语)I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. (同位语从句)得出结论：因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类，即：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。三引导名词性从句的连接词： 单词 词义 在词中所充当的成分 连词 that / / if / whether 是否 / 连接代词what (ever) (无论)什么 主、宾、表 which (ever)（无论）哪个 主、宾、定 who (ever)（无论）谁 主、宾、表whom (ever)（无论）谁 宾 whose谁的 定 连接 副词 when 什么时候 状 where 在哪里状 why 为什么状 how 怎样状1、连接代词：who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。l He did _ he could to save the drowning girl.l _ breaks the law should be punished.l It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.l A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wheneverl _ broke the glass yesterday is not clear.2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。l Parents are thought to understand _ important education is to their childrens future.l That is _ I didnt attend the meeting.3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if, as though。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。l I dont care about _ you have money or not.l The problem is _ Tom is able to arrive on time.l _ the meeting will be held here is not decided yet. l It looks _ it is going to rain.l The truth is _he didnt come for the concert.l _ the earth is round is true.四名词性从句的类型：1. 主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语。连接词有that, whether; who, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。 如:l _(他们是如何募集到这些钱) remains a problem.l _(我们找不到回家的路) was really bad news.l _(任何第一个来的人) will get the ticket.l _ (他会去哪里)is not clear.注意：1. 为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻, 经常用it作形式主语, 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。That light travels in straight lines is known to all.= _ is known to all _.l 记住以下it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句的句型：Its no wonder that难怪/ Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）/ common sense (是常识) / good news （是个好消息）thatIts likely / possible / important / necessary / clear/obvious (很明显)/certain (确信的是) that很可能 / 重要的是 / 必要的是 / 很清楚Its said / reported that据说/据报道/Its been announced / declared that已经通知/宣布It seems / appears (.好像)/ happens that碰巧l It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. forl It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. whatl It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm.A. which B. where C. what D. that很遗憾你没有来参加聚会。_难怪你又失败了。_很明显你犯了一个大错。_据报道这种药能减少疼痛。_他打电话时我正好不在家。_2. 单个的主语从句作主语时， 谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主语作主语，谓语动词则视情况而定。When and where he was born hasnt been found.When he was born and where he was born havent been found.When and why the person was murdered is still unknown.When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.Exercises:l ._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoeverl _I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy.A. Where B. What C. That D. Howl Its not clear _ was responsible for the accident.A. Who B. What C. How D. Thatl _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires2. 表语从句：在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词that , whether, as if, as though; who, what, which, whose; when, where, how, why, because 等。如:l The problem is _that_ we didnt get in touch with him.l This is _how_ Henry solved the problem. l His suggestion is _that_ we (should) finish the work at once.l It looked _as if_ it was going to rain.l The reason _why_ we didnt trust him is _that_ he has often lied注意：1. 如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order, demand, proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.2. The reason why .is that 的理由是， 的原因是The reason _ he was late again was _ he was caught in the traffic jam.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 3. It is because 这是因为Exercises:l This is _ she was born.A. where B. which C. that D. whatl The question is _ we cant go there today.A. that B. what C. which D. whenl The reason why he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A. because B. why C. that D. whatl My advice is that he _ school by bike.A. go to B. would go to C. goes to D. went tol _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; thatl Energy is _ makes things work.A. what B. everything C. something D. anything3.宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。 引导词有连词that , whether, if; who, whom, whose, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。因此宾语从句一般位于_或者 后面。某些形容词如sure, happy, glad,pleased 等之后也可以带有宾语从句。如:(1) V + 宾语从句，即“动宾”：We believe that he is honest. I asked if they had a cheap suit. Can you tell me which dictionary is hers? I really dont know what he is doing.He asked _(我为这架钢琴花了多少钱。)His parents hope _(他将来能成为医生)(2) prep + 宾语从句，即“介宾”：Hes pleased with what we did yesterday. Pay attention to what the teacher said.It all depends on _(我父母是否支持我) (3) adj + 宾语从句，即“形宾”： that 引导的名词性从句还可以用在一些形容词后面。这种句型一般都用人作主语，所用的形容词都是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如certain, sure, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious, disappointed, worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident等等。I am sure/certain that hes at home now.我肯定他现在在家。He became angry that you made the same mistake.你犯了同样的错误，他生气了。He remains confident that he will win. 他仍然自信他会赢。She is aware that I cant help her. 她知道我帮不了她的忙。I am glad that youve come. 你来了我很高兴。He appeared/seemed surprised that I said “no”. 我说不，他似乎很吃惊。I am afraid that I cant promise you anything. 恐怕我不能向你保证什么。We were rather disappointed that you were not able to come yesterday. 昨天你没能来我们有点失望。I am a bit worried that she will not be able to make it.我有点担心她做不成这件事情。Im sure that my brother will love the jacket. / I am glad that you can come and help me.不能误将”It + be + adj. + that” 的主语从句当成宾语从句.如：It is necessary that we should learn English well.l I just dont understand_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect. A .why it does B. what it doesC. what it is D. why it isl - Dont you believe me? - _, I will believe _ you say.A. No; whatever B. Yes; no matter whatC. No; no matter what D. Yes; whateverl “What did your parents think about your decision?” “They always let me do _ I think I should.” l I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests.A. whomever B. no matter who C. whoever D. anyonel Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. that(4)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置，并且that不可以省略. 在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider, find, feel等，可以用it作形式宾语。Eg: We all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.The conductor has made it clear that no buses will be running.1.我们发现每天锻炼身体是很重要的。2.老板已经清楚地表明这项工作应该在本周完成。4. 同位语从句：在复合句中起同位语的作用。 一般放在名词 idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news, information; hope; thought; promise; conclusion; evidence等之后, 用以说明或解释前面的名词。l We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.A. that B. which C. what D. whetherl We heard the news _ our team had won.A. which B. that C. what D. wherel The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.A. which B. that C. whether D. ifl The fact_he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A. that B.which C. when D. what注意：1. 名词suggestion, advice, order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形, should可省略。a. The suggestion that we _ to picnic on Sunday was agreed to by most people.A went B. would go C. go D. were allowed to go2. 同位语从句有时没有紧跟在名词后面，而是被别的词分开，称为隔裂式同位语从句。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.Word came that Tom would go abroad.l The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research.A. that B. what C. which D. whetherl Theres a feeling in me _well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A. that B. which C. of which D. whatl It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. whatl Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. A. who B. that C. as D. which3. 如何判断同位语从句和定语从句?a. 定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个成分，充当宾语成分时可省略。b. 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用, 无具体含义,且不可省略.定语从句和同位语从句的区别：A. 两种从句前都要一个_词B. 定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中_(充当/不充当)成分；而在同位语从句中连接词_（充当/不充当）成分。C. 定语从句是对前面的名词进行_（修饰限定/解释说明），同位语从句是对前面的名词进行_(修饰限定/解释说明)e.g. The suggestion that he made is of great value. _从句 The suggestion that he should not go there is of great value. _从句Rule: that+不完整句子 -_ 从句 that+完整句子 -_ 从句1.判断下面句子是定语从句还是同位语从句(1) The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy._(2) The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming._(3) The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical. _(4) The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. _五名词性从句的考点归纳：1. 名词性从句的语序：_语序a. That + 陈述句：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad.A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His breakb. 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述语序，不能用一般疑问句语序, 即“疑问词+句子的剩余成分”。I dont know when he will go to Nanjing. / This is what we are looking for.a. How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )b. Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )2. 表示“建议，命令，要求”的名词性从句，如(suggest)suggestion, (advise)advice, order, request, demand等，要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形, should可省略。3. that 可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略that不可省略的情况：a. 主语从句 b.表语从句 c.同位语从句 d. it做形式宾语的宾语从句 e.并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略,第一个that可省 f. 介词except, but, besides, in 等后跟that引导的宾语从句 g.宾语从句中主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时 h. that 引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时l I dont think _ she is coming.l It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.l The reason is _ he is careless .l The news _ our team won the match inspired us.l I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.l He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.l I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he just returned from Japan.l He said that if he came back early, he could come for the meeting.l I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves.l I dont doubt，in any case，that we will win the match.（无论如何，我都不怀疑我们会赢那场比赛）。4. 易混点一 whether与if的区别二者都可以作“是否”讲，能引导名词性从句，在名词性从句中不充当成分，但不能省略。1. 在及物动词后引导宾语从句时可以互换；注意：在某些动词后（如:discuss）只能接whether，不能跟if。如：We discussed whether we should close the shop.2. if 只可以用于宾语从句中（介词宾语除外），而whether可以用于四种名词性从句中。所以引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时都用whether，不用if。如：The question whether he should come himself or send another man hasnt been decided.The question is whether you can go there yourself.3. 如果whether后紧跟or not，不用换做if；若whether与or not分开使用，则可以换作if。如：I wonder whether or not he has arrived at the destination.I dont know whetherif I can come or not.4.在介词后引导宾语从句或与带to do的动词不定式结合而构成不定式的复合结构时，只能用whether，而不用if。如：I havent settled the question of whether I will go back home.She doesnt know whether to get married now or wait.5.若宾语从句为否定结构，则多用if，而不用whether。如：I dont care if he doesnt show up.（在乎，炫耀）Exercises:l I asked her _ she had a bike.l _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.l Were worried about _ he is safe.l I dont know _ he is well or not.l I dont know _ or not he is well.l The question is _ he should do it.l The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.l I dont know _ to go there.l We discussed _ we should close the shop.l 5.易混点：reason后面的名词性从句l reason做主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因是要用that引导，一般不用because或why，而用it，this或that做主语时，后面的表语从句可用because或why引导。l 1.“The reason +连系动词+that“引导的表语从句。本句型的意思是：理由是：。l The reason was that he fell ill.l 2.It（或This、That）+连系动词+the reason+why引导的定语从句。本句型意为：这就是。的原因（理由）l 3. It（或This、That）+连系动词+ +because引导的表语从句。本句型意为：这是因为。；这是由于。的缘故。l That was because he fell ill.l 4. It（或This、That）+连系动词+why引导的表语从句。本句型意为：这就是。的原因。l That was why he fell ill.l 6.易混点：check、make sure后面的宾语从句l 动词或动词短语check、make sure等做肯定句的谓语时，全句在汉语意义上虽有“是否”之意，但后面常用that做引导词。l Check that everything is in order，please.（请核对一下是否一切正常）l Make sure that the door is locked before you leave the lab.（离开实验室之前，务必确保门是锁上的。）l 7. 最常用的what 在名词性从句用法小结l 意思是“所.的事/物”, 相当于the thing(s) that, 或those which l 可以用于以下情况：l 引导主语从句。如：l What she saw frightened her. 她看到的事情吓了她一跳。l What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. 曾经被认为不可能的事情，现在已经变成了事实。l What Im afraid of is their taking him to that place.我怕的是他们带他到那地方去。l What we are worrying about is just her innocence.我们担心的是她的幼稚。l But what hurt our feelings most was the personal comment of the judge. l 最伤我们感情的是法官的私下评论。l What will be, will be. 要发生的事总是要发生的。（谚语）l What is gone is gone.过去的事就过去了。l 引导表语从句。如：l Thats what I hope. 那就是我希望的。l I should like to be a teacher. Thats what I want to be.我想当老师，那是我想干的事。l Times are not what they used to be.时代不同了。l Hes not what he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了。l Your health is not what it ought to be. 你的身体应该更好。l 引导宾语从句，包括介词宾语。如：l He could not express what he felt. 他不能表达他的感受。l Well, Ill do what I can. 好吧，我尽力。l I cant do what youve just asked of me. 我不能做你刚才要求我的事。l And having got what he wanted, he took his hat and went away. l 得到了他要的东西，他拿上帽子就走了。l As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear. 作为你的朋友，我想告诉你我所听到的。l The father began to criticize what the boy had done. 父亲开始批评男孩所做的事。（注意时态）l She was not happy at what he had said. 她对他说的话不高兴。l 用作插入语，指代后面的成分。l 这和非限定性定语从句正好相反，非限定性定语从句指代的是前面的成分。如：l 1后来我发现，他妻子原来是Mary的侄女，这对我是个新闻。l Then I discovered, what was news to me, that his wife was Marys niece.l 2他从来不参加男孩子通常做的体育活动，更奇怪的是，他从来不坐船出去到河上面去。l He never joined in the usual sports of the boys, and, what is remarkable, never went out in a boat on the river. l 3他讲话生动有趣，更重要的是，他对课题了如指掌。l Hes an interestin