大学综合英语.ppt

Unit8CopingwithanEducationalProblem BackgroundInformationAbouttheauthor BenjaminSteinFableUCLAAdamSmith sTheWealthofNationsIwoJima ReadingActivitiesTextAnalysisLanguageStudyLearningStrategyDiscussionQuestionsFurtherDevelopmentWritingQuiz PreviewQuestions DoyouthinktherearedifferencesbetweenAmericaneducationandChineseeducation Whatarethey Accordingtoyourideas whatisthebigprobleminAmericaneducation Oneofthecurrenttrendsinhighereducationisthemoveawayfromliberal broad basededucationtoeducationthatisvocationalorjob oriented Whatisyouropinionofthegeneraltendency Whatdoyouthinkeducationcanoffertohumanbeings Canyouimaginehowamanmakesalivingwithouteducation BackgroundInformation BenjaminSteinBenjaminJ SteinwasbornNovember25 1944inWashington D C HegrewupinSilverSpring Marylandwhichislocatedabout10milesnorthofWashingtonD C HegraduatedfromColumbiaUniversityin1966withhonorsineconomics andin1970hegraduatedfromYaleLawSchoolwherehewaselectedvaledictorianofhisclassbyhisclassmates SteinhasworkedasapovertylawyerandatriallawyerinthefieldoftraderegulationattheFederalTradeCommission In1973and1974 hewasaspeechwriterandlawyerforRichardNixonandthenforGeraldFord SteinhasalsobeenacolumnistandwriterformanynewspublicationsincludingTheWallStreetJournal Barrons andTheWashingtonPostamongothers Steinisalsocreditedforhavingwrittenandpublishedover16books Despitehavingaresumethatboastsagamutofloftyprofessionsandpart timeendeavors Steindidn tachievehisofficialcelebritystatusuntilhispartastheboringteacherinthe1986movieFerrisBueller sDayOff Since1997hehasbeenapopularfixtureoncabletv sComedyCentralasthehostofthegameshow WinBenStein sMoney Hisworks CanAmericaSurvive 2004 MechanicalandElectricalEquipmentforBuildings 9thEdition 1999 BuildingTechnology MechanicalandElectricalSystems 2ndEdition 1997 Yes YouCanBeASuccessful IncomeInvestor ReachingforYieldinToday sMarket 2006 Yes YouCanStillRetireComfortably 2005 Yes YouCanTimetheMarket 2004 HowtoRuinYourLoveLife 2003 Fableisataleoftenfeaturinganimalcharacters toldtoillustrateaspecificmoralpoint anditoftenendswithaproverbreinforcingthatpoint TheElementsofaFableincludeanimalcharacterswithhumanqualities settingandsituation problem resolutionandmoralorlesson NowreadthefollowingAesop sfabletolearnthefeaturesoffable TheFoxandtheGoatIllustratedbyJeremyHollister ByanunluckychanceaFoxfellintoadeepwellfromwhichhecouldnotgetout AGoatpassedshortlyafterwards andaskedtheFoxwhathewasdoingdownthere Oh haveyounotheard saidtheFox thereisgoingtobeagreatdrought soIjumpeddownhereinordertobesuretohavewaterbyme Whydon tyoucomedowntoo TheGoatthoughtwellofthisadvice andjumpeddownintothewell ButtheFoximmediatelyjumpedonherback andbyputtinghisfootonherlonghornsmanagedtojumpuptotheedgeofthewell Good bye friend saidtheFox Remembernexttime Nevertrusttheadviceofamanindifficulties TheDoveandtheAnt AnAnt goingtoarivertodrink fellin andwascarriedalonginthestream ADovepitiedhercondition andthrewintotheriverasmallbough bymeansofwhichtheAntgainedtheshore TheAntafterward seeingamanwithafowling pieceaimingattheDove stunghiminthefootsharply andmadehimmisshisaim andsosavedtheDove slife Littlefriendsmayprovegreatfriends UCLA UniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles thelargestoftheeightbranchesoftheUniversityofCalifornia Itwasestablishedin1919andhowhasabout35 000students UCLAisknownforitsfilmstudies Schoolcolors UCLA scolorsareblueandgold Bluesymbolizestheocean andlocalwildflowers YellowreflectstheGoldenState theCaliforniapoppyandsunsets Ofcourse theshadeshavechangedovertheyears Theblue forexample hasvariedfrompowdertoskytoroyal Mascot Thegrizzlybearwaschosenin1925astheofficialmascotfortheSouthernBranchoftheUniversityofCalifornia asUCLAwasknownthen Originally UCLAstudentswere Cubs anodtotheschool sfledglingstatusthatdidn tsitwellforlong However whenUCLAenteredthePacificCoastConferencein1929 fellowconferencememberUniversityofMontanaalreadyhadthegrizzlymoniker Meanwhile UCBerkeleywasusingBearsandBruins anditwasdecidedUCLAwouldtakeBruins UCLA searliestmascotswerelivebears Duringthelate1930s theanimalsentertainedthehomecrowdatthefootballstadium Avarietyofnamesweregiventothebears butJoeBruinistheonethatstuck In1961 alumnipresentedUCLAwiththefirstJosephineBruin alittleHimalayanbear Costumedstudentmascotstookoverthejobinthemid 1960s SeveralstudentswereselectedtotaketurnsplayingJoe whowasjoinedin1967byacostumedJosephine orJosie assheisoftencalled Thecostumesthemselveshaveevolvedovertheyears Thelatestdesignwasunveiledin1996 AdamSmith sTheWealthofNations ThisScottisheconomistwasthemostinfluentialthinkerinthehistoryofcapitalisteconomics afactthatisallthemoreremarkableinthathewaswritingduringtheearliestphasesoftheindustrialrevolution Heisstillcitedasinsupportofargumentsforanunregulatedeconomy thelessgovernmentinterfereswithbusinessthemoreprosperousthenationwillbe runsthistheory Thisremarkablebookwaspublishedin1776 atatimewhenthepoweroffreetradeandcompetitionasstimulantstoinnovationandprogresswasscarcelyunderstood Governmentsgrantedmonopoliesandgavesubsidiestoprotecttheirownmerchants farmersandmanufacturersagainst unfair competition AdamSmithrailedagainstthisrestrictive regulated mercantilist system andshowedconvincinglyhowtheprinciplesoffreetrade competition andchoicewouldspureconomicdevelopment reducepoverty andprecipitatethesocialandmoralimprovementofhumankind Toillustratehisconcepts hescouredtheworldforexamplesthatremainjustasvividtoday TheWealthofNationschangedourunderstandingoftheeconomicworldjustasNewton sPrincipiachangedourunderstandingofthephysicalworldandDarwin sOriginofSpecies IwoJima IwoJimameans SulfurIsland anislandofeightsquaremilesofvolcanic treelessscrub Dominatedby546 footMountSuribachi theislandbecamethesiteofoneofthebloodiestbattlesinWorldWarII ItsstrategicimportancelayinitslocationhalfwaybetweenJapanandtheairfieldsoftheB 29SuperFortresseslocatedontheMarianaIslands CaptureofIwoJimabytheAmericanswouldprovideanemergencylandingfieldforcrippledbombersreturningfromtheirbombingraidsonJapanandanadvancebasefortheshorter rangedescortfighters TheMarines effortprovidedavitallinkintheU S chainofbomberbases Bywar send 2 400B 29bomberscarrying27 000crewmanhadmadeemergencylandingsonIwoJima InthisbloodiestbattleofWorldWarII 6 821AmericanMarineswerekilledand18 000wounded Some21 000Japanesewerekilled ReadingActivities TextAnalysis Nomodestlyeducatedadultcanfailtobeupsetbysuchanexperience para 6 TheabilitytoperformeventhesimplestcalculationsisonlyamemoryamongmanystudentsIsee para 7 Thereisachillingindifferenceaboutallthisignorance para 8 Ihaveahumblesuggestion amovie orTVseries dramatizingjusthowdifficultitwasforthiscountrytogetwhereitis andhoweasilyitcouldallbelost para 10 26 可编辑 Americanshavelongsincestoppeddemandinggoodeducationfortheirchildren para 18 Thisishowwerosefromtheashesafteryoudefeatedusinawaraboutahundredyearsago para 20 Amanwithouttheproperuseoftheintellectualfacultiesofamanis ifpossible morecontemptiblethanevenacoward para 22 LanguageStudy runoutof useuporfinishasupplyofsthhandful asmallnumberofeg Ahandfulofplumswilldoyougood abellyfulwilldoyouin dosbin 毁掉 相似词汇 asackfulofsugar anarmfulofbooks twoglassfulofmilk apocketfulofmoney相当多的钱comedownbucketful倾盆大雨 modestadj 1 moderateeg liveinamodesthouse住在普通房子里Heismodestinhisrequirement 他不过分要求 2 showingcare notsaysthimproper orimpure谨慎的 有节制的 有礼的eg modestindress speechandbehavior beignorantof knowinglittleornothing eg I mafraidI mratherignorantofeventhesimplestfact ignorancen eg Theworkerswerekeptincompleteignoranceofthecompany sfinancialsituation Compare ignore and neglect eg Myadvicewascompletelyignored I mlatebecauseIneglectedtowindtheclock 注 ignore指有意不理睬 neglect指重视不够而忽视 slice part share eg asliceofgoodluck Smithtooktoolargeasliceofthecreditforoursuccess 对于我们的成功 史密斯获得的称赞超过了他所做的贡献 sumup 1 givethetotalof2 expressbrieflythechiefpointsofwhathasbeensaideg Thejudgesummeduptheevidence 3 formajudgmentoropinionofeg Hesummedupthesituation Shequicklysummedhimup 她很快就对他的人品下结论 competewith trytobebetterthaneg 1 Anewdictionarymustbeverygoodifitistocompetewiththemanyalreadyinthemarket 2 Dannyraisedhiseyes interestcompetingwithsuspicion 丹尼举目看着 又感兴趣又怀疑 相关词汇 competitionn 竞争competitorn 竞争者competencen 竞争力competentadj 有能力的 有竞争力的a lecturercompetitiveadj 竞争的 比赛的 sports accumulatev collectorgathertogether esp overaperiodoftimeeg 1 Hehasaccumulatedafortuneagainstoldage 2 Bypracticing youmayaccumulatemuchexperienceinteaching affect v 1 haveaninfluenceorimpressionon actoneg Theclimateaffectedhishealth 2 movethefeelingsofHewasmuchaffectedbythesadnews effect n result outcome idleadj lazy notdoinganything eg idlemachinescapitalanidlefellowtheidlerichOwingtothestrike alotoffactoryworkerswereleftidle v eg Sometimeswearequitebusywithourwork andsometimeswejustidleawaythedays drivesthhometosb makesthcleartobeunderstoodeg driveapoint anargumenthometosbbringsthhometosb causesbtorealizefullyeg Thestupidityofhisbehaviorwasbroughttohim humble adj ofthing poor meaneg menof birth a house a ccupation ofperson lowinrankorpositionbitter unwelcometothemind hardtobear causingsorroweg quarrels厉害的争吵 words怨言 enemies死敌 reproaches苛责portableadj lightandsmallenoughtobeeasilycarriedormovedsearchfor lookfor 奢侈的 豪华的 放纵的 luxuryn 1 sthexpensivewhichisnotnecessarybutwhichgivesyoupleasure usedasacountablenoun eg imposetaxationuponluxuries2 verygreatcomfort esp amongbeautifulandexpensivesurrounding usedasuncountablenoun eg Hetookoverhisfather scompanyandledalifeofluxury 相关词汇 luxuriousadj betteroff richer morecomfortablescared becomefrightenedeg Hewas bythethunder Theywere atthestrangenoise Adequate enough刚巧够用的 足够所需的eg Wehave foodforthetrip declinen agradualdecreaseinthequality quantity orimportanceofeg Thepricesofthesecommoditiesareonthedecline vi continuetobecomesmaller weakerorlowereg Afterrunningalongdistance hisstrengthslowlydeclined vt refusepolitelyeg Hedeclinedmyinvitationtotheparty acquire gaineg honorcompare require 要求 and inquire 询问 swear makeaseriouspromiseabouteg ThewitnesssworeontheBibletotellthewholetruthandnothingbutthetruth facultyn 1 mentalandphysicalabilities haveafacultyofdoing for doing sth todostheg Sincechildhood thegirlhashadafacultyformusic 2 departmentorgroupingofrelateddepartments系 学院eg TheFacultyofLaw3 alltheteachers lecturers professorsinoneofthedepartmentseg afacultymeeting LearningStrategyDiscussionQuestionsFurtherDevelopment Writing Brainstormalistofthingsthatcausetensionatuniversity don tworryaboutanalyzingthecauses justgetdownasmanythingsthatcancauseconflictoranxiety Afterthestudentshavegatheredtheirlist sharewithothersintheclass Identifytheitemsthatappearonthemostlistsandtheitemsthatarethemostimportanttoaddress Eachpersonintheclassshouldchooseanitemtofocuson Afterthey vechosenanitem writeanessaytoanalyzethepossiblereasonswhichmayleadtothestudents conflictsoranxiety Ifpossible suggestthewaytodealwiththeproblem Thestudentscanusethefollowingpatterns Para 1Sentence1thegeneralproblemSentence2thespecificproblemPara 2Sentence3thethesisSentence4thecauseISentence5thedetailISentence6thedetailIISentence7thecauseIISentence8thedetailISentence9thedetailIIPara 3Sentence10theconclusion 分析原因的论说文常用到的句型 Inthelastfew recentyears therehasbeenadramaticincrease agrowingtendencyin Accordingtoarecentsurvey study research in year thenumber percentageofstudentsdoing hasalmostdoubled tripled increased jumpedfrom to decreased droppedby comparedwith asagainstlastyear tenyearsago Anumberof severalfactors causesmightcontributeto leadto accountforthephenomenon suddenrise problem Partoftheexplanationsforit Oneofthemostcommonfactors causesisthat isalsoresponsiblefortheproblem Anothercontributingfactor causesis Theprimary fundamentalfactor causesisthat Wemightdomorethanidentifythecauses factors itisimportanttotakeactionto Thesignificanceof isfar reaching itmightexertaprofoundinfluenceon Studentscanlearnfromthefollowingsample Children sSchoolbagsareGettingHeavierThesedaysweoftenhearourchildrengroaningunderthepressureofanever increasingburdenoftheirstudies Theschoolbagsontheirbackaregettingheavierandheavier andthehoursspentontheirassignmentslongerandlonger Whycan ttheirburdenberelievedinspiteofsocialprotests Foronething parentshaveastrongdesirefortheearlyintellectualachievementoftheirchildren Theybelievethatifyoudon tforcethemtoreadmore agoldenopportunityforsuccesswillbelostandthechancesoftheirbeingadmittedtokeyschools andthentocollegeswillbeslim Sochildrenareu