高考英语二轮复习 第二章 “七选五”阅读（含解析）1.doc

第二章“七选五”阅读阅读补全即“七选五”题型要求考生在一段留出5个空白的约300词的短文中，根据文章结构、内容，从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，填入相应的空白处，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。这种题型突出考查语篇结构分析能力，属于对语言使用范畴及语言组织规律的考查，即章法范围内的考查。近三年全国卷命题视角项目201620152014全国全国全国全国全国全国全国话题密码学种植花园购买和烹制鱼人际交往体育教育兴趣与爱好体裁说明文说明文说明文说明文说明文说明文说明文设空位置段前1112011段中4443544段尾0000000内容主题句1112112过渡句1111211细节理解3332232命题规律1文体选择：文章体裁以说明文为主，结构都比较清晰，过程完整，适合考查对主题句、过渡句等的概括和总结。单纯以时间或事件为线索的记叙文不宜考查逻辑思维能力，因而在高考中出现的概率较小。2设题方式：文章的首句与尾句很少设空(有小标题的题除外)。能够填入设空处的最佳选项多为段落主题句、段落总结句、承上启下句、关键论点支撑句或全篇概括归纳句等。所给的七个选项中有两个选项干扰性较强，而且所给的选项中，有的选项区分度不大，容易造成考生由于一处误选导致多处错答的情况出现，因此试题难度比常规阅读试题难度有所增加。A根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2016全国卷)Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Banks，companies，and government agencies use secret codes in doing business，especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. _36_Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography._37_ For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me”_38_You might represent each letter with a number，for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter，the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book._39_ For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”_40_ However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book.BIn any language，some letters are used more than others.COnly people who know the keyword can read the message.DAs long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them.EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.FWith a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words.GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。向读者介绍了密码在生活中的作用及密码学的三种基本类型。36解析：考查综合分析能力。联系下一句的意思，“创设密码和破译密码总是相伴而生的”，可以推断此处意思是“只要有密码存在，人们总是千方百计地进行破译”。故选D项。答案：D37解析：考查联系上下文的能力。依据接下来的举例可知，这里讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。因此答案为E项。答案：E38解析：考查运用语境进行推断的能力。前文已经介绍了一种设置密码的方式，这里又介绍了另一种。故选G项。G项中的another也是解题的关键标志词。答案：G39解析：考查联系上下文的能力。空格前的a code book暗示答案可能为F项，通过验证，两句意思通顺自然，衔接紧密。故答案为F项。答案：F40解析：考查综合分析能力。由下文中的“also hard”二词可知答案为A项。答案：AB根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2016全国卷)A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you，where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum (总和) of its parts？_16_But it doesnt happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process._17_Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of colour.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料)_18_However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall (回忆) your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad，but thats not whats important._19_how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth._20_Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden.Have fun.AKnow why you gardenBFind a good place for your own gardenCIts our experience of the garden that mattersDIts delightful to see so many beautiful flowersEStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsFYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden，tooGFor each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何做园艺，让美丽的花园给我们带来美好的视觉享受。16解析：本题考查联系上下文的能力。根据前面的“Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you”可知，你是否参观过一个美丽的花园，再结合后面的“It starts with looking inside yourself”可知，F项“你也可以把自己的花园弄得这么漂亮”符合语境。答案：F17解析：本题考查综合分析能力。根据后面的“there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden”可知，这一部分主要说明的是首先要弄清楚从事园艺的原因。故A项与之相符。答案：A18解析：本题考查综合分析能力。前两句谈到有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心的是少用水少用肥料的方法。本句应该仍然是人们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致。答案：E19解析：本题考查运用语境进行推断的能力。根据前面的“thats not whats important”可知，这里强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文语境。答案：C20解析：本题考查综合分析能力。这里介绍的是自己弄一个花园，要回忆一下年轻时所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制定计划并去践行。故G项与上下文一致。答案：G一、真题再现A(导学号 59430035)(2015全国卷)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs._16_，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit._17_As always，you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day._18_，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run._19_After two weeks，start timing yourself._20_Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.AAfter six daysBFor a good marathon runnerCBefore you begin your trainingDWith each day，increase the distance by a half mileEIf they still feel good，you can begin running in themFTime spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingGNow you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了进行马拉松训练的具体做法。首先要做好准备，购买最合适的跑鞋。同时要注意在第一周里不要考虑跑多远，而是要逐渐延长跑步时间。到第二周的时候，可以设置跑步距离，每天逐渐加长，然后再根据参赛的具体情况制订训练方案。16解析：根据该空后面提供的语境“buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find”(购买你能找到的最合适的、最好的跑鞋)可知，这是为了跑马拉松而进行的准备，应该是在进行马拉松训练之前做的事情，故选C项“Before you begin your training”。答案：C17解析：由该空前面的语境“当你发现似乎合适的鞋子时，穿着走动几天，再次检查其舒适度。”可知，E选项中they指的就是前面提到的shoes，属于指代一致。另外feel good与the fit相对应。故选E项。答案：E18解析：空前的“the first week”，即7天，空格后面说“it is wise to take a day off to rest”(休息一天是明智的)，这样剩余的就是6天，与A项相关。答案：A19解析：根据该空前面提供的语境“But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.”(但是在接下来的一周，树立每次至少跑1.5英里的目标。)可知，与D项的“每天增加半英里”意义衔接紧密。答案：D20解析：由该空前面的“After two weeks，start timing yourself.”(两周后，开始给自己计时。)可知，这里的timing与G项中的“improving distance and time”意义相关。答案：GB(导学号 59430036)(2016四川卷)Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries._36_ In general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women._37_ Between the ages of about 12 and 50，women produce hormones that are involved in fertility (生育能力)These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.In fact，women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks._38_They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example: women，on average，get fewer colds than men._39_ Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging，but they believe that they do.Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency (倾向) to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly._40_AHowever，women，on average，live longer.BThe biological factor plays an important part.CWomen are also helped by their female genes.DThe female hormones also protect the body in another way.ERecent research seems to support both of these possibilities.FTherefore，women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.GHormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了女性比男性寿命长的原因。36解析：关联逻辑法。根据空后的“they can expect to live six or seven years more than men”可知，这是对空格处作进一步的说明。A项符合要求。答案：A37解析：词汇锁定法。空格前句说明女性比男性寿命长的原因在于“hormones”的不同，接着对“hormones”作进一步的解释。答案：G38解析：词汇锁定法。空后三句主要讲述雌激素在抵抗疾病方面的作用。空格后的“They”与D项“The female hormones”相对应，选D项。答案：D39解析：词汇复现。空后主要讲述基因与年老的关系。C项中的genes与空后句中的genes是原词复现。答案：C40解析：词汇锁定法。空前讲述了科学家们的两种不同观点，用了“some” “others”。E项中的“both of these possibilities”指的就是这两种不同观点。答案：E二、提升演练AWe say yes for many reasons.But if were in the habit of saying yes too often，we may find ourselves unhappy，or angry._1_ When we say yes out of duty，were not taking care of ourselves and end up disappointing and hurting ourselves.Follow these simple tips to help you say no with love._2_ I had the bad habit of saying yes to things right away and then feeling terrible later.When Jane asks if you can watch her dog this weekend，tell her youre honoured that she thought of you and that youd be happy to let her know at the end of the day or the next morning.Three breaths and two questions.If we are in the habit of saying yes，every question can cause stress._3_ Then ask yourself these questions：“Am I able to? Do I want to？” Just because were able to do something doesnt mean we should or that we need to.Turn them down and offer alternatives._4_Your mind may tell you that youre selfish or youre a bad person for saying no.This is not true.You are saying no because you value yourself，your time，and your energy.Saying no can look something like this：“I appreciate you thinking of me to watch your dog but unfortunately Im not able to this weekend.”Or “Unfortunately Im not able to this weekend，but my friend Sally loves dogs and said shed be around this weekend.Let me know if youd like her number.”Simply say no，with a smile.“Thanks for thinking of me，but Im not able to do that.” Then smile._5_When youre able to say no easily and without guilt，you might even find that you are more willing to volunteer or participate because when you do，it will be out of joy.ASay thanks and think it over.BSaying no can be the hardest step.CLearning to say no protects our energy and time.DOffer something that you would be comfortable with.EWe dont want to disappoint them or hurt their feelings.FBy being able to say no in a loving way，it shows selfrespect.GTake three deep breaths before you answer which will ground you.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，说明如何“学会拒绝”。1解析：根据上下文可知C项“学会拒绝能够保护我们的时间和精力”与语境相符，这也是本文所要表达的中心话题。答案：C2解析：根据后面的举例说明可知，本段说的是如何正确对待别人的要求“先表示感谢，然后再想想”。答案：A3解析：根据本段的主题句“Three breaths and two questions”可知G项正确。答案：G4解析：根据本段的主题句“Turn them down.”再结合下文内容可知，B项符合语境。答案：B5解析：根据前面的“Simply say no，with a smile.”和“Then smile.”可知F项合适。答案：FB(2016江西八校三模) Most of you love watching movies.They can be funny，sad，imaginative，inspiring，and so much more！There are so many possibilities and so many great movies to watch!The making of a movie usually begins with a script (剧本)_1_ The producer is the person who is responsible for coordinating (协调) aspects of the film like budget and scheduling.The producer plans out how the project will be carried out and he usually starts by hiring a director!_2_ The director will usually identify themes or feelings that he or she wants the movie to convey to its audience and will then assemble (聚集) all the other people who will be needed，such as costumedesigners，makeup artists，special effects crew，stuntmen，cameramen，and，of course，actors!Next，shooting begins! _3_ Often a director will want to get several “takes” (versions) of a scene or moment and usually only a few minutes of the movie are finished in one days work._4_ So once filming is completed，the director must then work with editors to piece them all together，deciding which takes to use and adding in any special effects or touchups.The entire process from acquiring the script to editing the scenes generally takes months or even years！Once its ready，the finished movie is then distributed to movie theatres._5_A. Scenes are also usually not shot in order.BThe actual filming can be a slow process.CThe way that movies are made has changed a lot over time.DIt gets bought by a movie studio or a producer.EThe director plays a very important role in making a movie.FIn movies，the directors job is to bring the script to life on camera.GPeople can watch and enjoy it in the theatres.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，介绍了电影的制作过程。1解析：根据空后一句可知，制片人是负责整体协调电影的预算和计划安排的人，由此可以推断出前一句中一定有制片人。可知D项合适。答案：D2解析：第二段的末尾处和第三段的第二句都提到了导演，所以这里所缺的句子也应和导演有关，根据空后内容可知应选F项。答案：F3解析：根据前后的内容可知，电影拍摄是很慢的。答案：B4解析：根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，一旦电影完成，导演和编辑必须把它们拼合起来，决定对哪一部分添加特效或进行润色。根据空后的内容判断选A项。答案：A5解析：根据前一句可知，一旦这些完成了，电影就会在电影院上映。选G项。答案：GC (2016东莞高三一模)ChangeChange is hard.Youve probably noticed that.We all want to become better peoplestronger and healthier，more creative and more skilled，a better friend or family member.But even if we get really inspired and start doing things better，its tough to actually stick to new behaviours._1_ Why is that？And is there anything you can do to make change easier?_2_Recently，she told me a story that happened when she was in high school.She went to a large high school，and it was the first day of class.Many of the students had never met before that day.The teacher went around the room and asked each person to introduce themselves._3_My girlfriend raised her hand and went around the room and accurately named all 30 people or so._4_The guy next to her looked over and said，“I couldnt even remember your name.”She said that moment was a nice experience for her.After that she felt like，“Im the type of person who is good at remembering peoples names.”_5_Heres what I learned from that story: In order to believe in a new identity，we have to prove it to ourselves.AThe rest of the room was in shock.BYou need to start believing new things about yourself.CMy girlfriend is great at remembering peoples names.DAt the end，the teacher asked if anyone could remember everyones name.EEven today，shes great at remembering the names of anyone we come across.FYou have to become the type of person you want to be，and that starts with proving your new identity to yourself.GIts more likely that this time next year youll be doing the same thing than performing a new habit with ease.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，论述了作者对人生“政变”的感悟。1解析：“更常见的情况是，到了明年的这个时候，你还在重复着同样的事情，而不是轻轻松松保持着一个新的好习惯”与本段中的话题“改变太难了”相符。答案：G2解析：根据后面的内容可知，这里谈论的是“我的女朋友非常擅长记住别人的名字”。答案：C3解析：根据上下文可知，这里应该是“等大家都介绍完毕，老师问有没有人记住了每个人的名字”。答案：D4解析：根据上下文可知，“教室里其他所有人都被震惊了”符合此语境。答案：A5解析：这句话是对所讲故事的一个总结，所以“直到现在，她仍然能记住我们遇到过的每个人的名字”符合此语境。答案：EDStress is common in the lives of most students，often coming and going throughout the year，and varying in nature.So the parents and teachers should know how to help the students out of the stress.Talk to the stressed student.Listen attentively to what he says._1_ Set boundaries with the student，but avoid taking a “superior” approach to the relationship.Ask the student whether the stress is new or whether he has dealt with it in the past successfully.For example，students who become stressed during the same time each semester，may have developed coping mechanism (应对机制)_2_Direct the stressed student to find suggestions._3_ Remind the student of her social network and campus organizations that provide opportunity for relaxation and stress relief.Tolerate temporary deviance (异常行为) from the schedule. _4_ While students should keep up with current work，consider making an exception that allows the student to get caught up if they are suffering academically due to significant stress.Watch for clues or warning signs that suggest the student is in some kind of trouble or has safety concerns.Assure the students safety and address troublesome behaviour._5_AStudents deal with a number of stressors.BMake sure to give the student 100 percent attention.CTeachers or professors should not be the cause of their stress.DEncourage the student to use past coping methods that worked.ESuggest that the student visit the school counseling centre or see her physician.FIf troublesome behaviour persists or is threatening，report the behaviour according to school policy.GEncourage the student to keep up with coursework and follow a daily routine including attending all classes.【语篇解读】压力对于大多数学生来说是很普遍的，父母和老师应该了解一下如何减轻学生压力的方法，本文就此给我们提供了一些可行的建议。1解析：上文提到要聚精会神地听孩子说话，此处选择B项，意思是“确保给学生百分之百的关注”。答案：B2解析：上文提到有些学生会对以前所产生的类似压力形成应对机制，故此处选择D项，意思是“鼓励学生使用以前应对压力的有效方法”。答案：D3解析：本段说明的是要指导感到有压力的学生去找到对自己有帮助的建议，故此处选择E项，意思是“建议学生去学校咨询中心谈一谈或者去看私人医生”。答案：E4解析：下文提到尽管孩子应该跟上所有的学习任务，也要考虑一些意外情况，故此处选择G项，意思是“鼓励学生跟上课程作业并且正常上课”。答案：G5解析：上文提到要确保孩子的安全并与孩子讨论他们所遇到的麻烦，故此处选择F项，意思是“如果这种麻烦行为继续存在或者构成威胁，可以根据学校的政策举报”。答案：FE(导学号 59430037)How to Keep Your Body in Balance When on a DietThe basic principle of weight loss is that the total calories expended in energy must be greater than the total calories consumed.However，if you take dieting and exercise to extremes，your body can be thrown off balance._1_ By paying attention to some basic principles of selfcare and n