英语论文 探究黑暗中的恶魔——吸血鬼.doc

第 I 页毕业论文题目：探究黑暗中的恶魔吸血鬼毕业论文内容：文章对银幕下赋予吸血鬼的特点和弱点进行研究，从宗教以及中国迷信方面解释了最初吸血鬼的形象，并用科学的理论解开了流传多年的吸血鬼诡异行为。毕业论文起止时间: 2012年7月16日 2013年6月10日 指导教师： 职称：副教授评 阅 人： 职称：讲 师探究黑暗中的恶魔吸血鬼摘 要吸血鬼，传说中邪恶生物，是大家熟知的西方鬼怪之一，发源于欧洲，在现代主要通过文学和影视传播，越来越多的人怀着既向往又恐惧的心情走近幻想中的吸血鬼。所以決定要对他们做一番彻底的调查，吸血鬼是怎么来的？它的特点和弱点是什么？为什么吸血鬼会有怪异的行为？我们利用书籍和网络的资源查到了许多资料，这些资料使我们对吸血鬼的了解有许多帮助，就这样我们解決了许多疑问。但是吸血鬼的神秘真不是这一点点研究就能完全了解透彻的，希望通过对该专题的研究丰富相关的认知。关键词：吸血鬼；起源； 辟邪； 弱点； 科学解释 东北大学秦皇岛分校毕业设计（论文） 第 页Explore the Demon of Darkness - VampireAbstractVampires, evil creatures in legend, are one of the well-known Western ghosts. They originate in Europe and in modern society they also propagate through literature and film and television. More and more people are so longing for the fantasy of vampire that they decide to do some investigations. Do you want to know the origin about vampires? What are the characteristics of a real vampire? Why the misconception of vampires spread out all over the world? And how explain the strange behavior of vampires? With the benefit of modern technology, we get details which enabled our understanding of the vampire. Whereas the mysterious vampire cannot fully understand by this little bit of researches, we hope to enrich the cognition through the study of the related topic. Key Words: vampire; origin; weakness; apostrophe; scientific theories 东北大学秦皇岛分校毕业设计（论文） 第 页CONTENTSI . Introduction1II. Vampire Image in the Film22.1Vampire Weaknesses22.1.1 Inability to Enter a Dwelling without Being First Invited In32.1.2. Inability to Cross Water32.1.3. Daytime coma32.1.4. Light is Destructive32.1.5. Reflection Not Seen in a Mirror42.1.6. Repulsion to holy ground42.2. Apotropaic Objects in the Vampire Film52.2.1. Seeds and grains52.2.2. Religious objects62.2.3. Garlic72.2.4. Stakes72.2.5. Thorns72.2.6. Silver bullets8III. Explain the Infinite Image of Vampire with Religion and Superstition93.1 In China93.2 In the West10. Reflections on the Vampire Bizarre Behavior114.1 Anemia134.2 Catalepsy134.3 Porphyria134.4 Virus14. Conclusion15Acknowledgments17Bibliography18 第 17 页Explore the Demon of Darkness - VampireI . IntroductionThroughout the whole mysterious world of demons and monsters, there are no creatures have significant influence and enduring trend than vampires. A vampire is a mythological or folkloric creature that is famous in their blood sucking ability in order to prolong their life and their super strength. These imperishable blood suckers possess a large number of world-wide superstitions, which have different origins and records due to the variety of separated cultures. The term vampires was not popularized until 18th century in Western Europe because of superstitious beliefs and continuously popularized in our present time because of some famous movies and books that were related to vampires attracted us. In 1994, when the Interview of the Vampire released, the beautiful creatures in the film endowed the fascination to audience and became the fundamental materials used by novels and movies. We were fascinated by their special traits, habit, characteristics and ability. But those were just fictional characters and created by the artistic imagination of the authors or the movie makers about vampires. Nowadays, these horrible creatures seem to induce entertainment impact besides causing catastrophe. Moreover, the infatuation of vampires appealed exports and scholars to figure out the origin of vampires and they were eager to seek out the mystery. People of today, when hear the word “vampire”, the first thing they come in their mind is Edward Cullen and any movies that has a vampire appearances or those vampires that they read in a fictional book particularly “The Twilight Saga” by Stephanie Meyer. They dont have any ideas what is a real human vampire. But do you have any idea what are the characteristics of a real vampire? Do you want to know the origin about them? Why the misconception of vampire spread out all over the world? How to explain the strange behavior of the vampire? All papers take time and energy to produce and this one has been no exception. It first began as an idea about four years ago when I read Anne Rices novel Interview With The Vampire and became intrigued by the idea about why Louis, the novels central character, opted to become a vampire. Louis could have chosen an ordinary life for him: marriage, family, career etc. that most of us recognize and lead in our different ways. But he chose a life of darkness, danger and loneliness. On the face of it this makes no sense at all. Yet the plus side of this life is immortality, excitement, a sense of omnipotence. The perplexing questions have developed a variety of statements and are roughly divided into three branches: the origin, characteristic and scientific theories. To sum up, the purpose of this research paper is referred to the three main explanations of vampires.II. Vampire Image in the Film Vampires are evil creatures with very pale skin and wear capes are believed to live for more than a hundred of years. The wordVampirefirst appeared in 1730s during the European vampire epidemic. It typically means as a ghost or reanimated corpse returning from their graves to suck the life-forces of sleeping persons. The name was derived from the word vampir in Slavonia in the Magyar form. In Russian the word isvapir, in Bulgarian,upierand in Swedish,vampyr. The meaning of the name in most Mediterranean langauges is vam, meaning blood and pyr meaning monster. They commonly live in coffins, but they also live in graves or any dark places and sleep upside down. They are nocturnal, meaning that they are active at night and asleep by day. They have super strengths and they have a special ability to transform into any kinds of animal, particularly into a bat. Most of all, they have long sharp fangs that they use to bite the neck of their victims easily and suck their blood and then the victim instantly turns into a vampire himself.2.1Vampire Weaknesses Fortunately for us, vampires have several limitations upon their supernatural powers and existence. The first was their all-consuming craving for blood. Unless a vampire drank approximately one quart of fresh blood every other night, it would weaken and either fall comatose or perish. Some vampires of great power, like Dracula, were able to resist their bloodlust for up to a week before their hunger became unbearable.2.1.1 Inability to Enter a Dwelling without Being First Invited InVampires have a mystical aversion to entering any human dwelling place which they have not been verbally invited. Once invited, they may enter the place anytime thereafter.He may not enter anywhere at first, unless there be some member of the household to bid him to come; though afterwards he can come as he pleases. - Professor Van Helsing in Mina Harkers Journal, Chapter XVIII of Dracula by Bram Stoker2.1.2. Inability to Cross Water The vampire may not cross running water, except at the ebb and flow of the tide. He may be carried over or at certain times he may change shape and fly or jump over. This is not to say that they cannot swim, but running or flowing water such as rivers, streams, or waterfalls mystically impede the creatures ability to swim and stay afloat, causing it to drown and perish. This is but a temporal death, however. Once a vampires body is removed from running water, it will return to life.2.1.3. Daytime comaMost of vampires fall into a semi-conscious, trance-like state during the daylight hours that keeps them aware of things happening around it. The vampire may only leave its resting place at sunrise, noon or sunset. This is clearly the vampires time of greatest vulnerability since it is helpless when resting within its coffin. During the daylight hours, the vampires powers are considerably weakened; although it should be pointed out they are still dangerous and certainly powerful enough to wipe out reckless vampire hunters. Older and more powerful vampires do not require such rest; they only need to avoid direct sunlight. Probably another Stockers exaggeration as vampires were known to hide during the day but no description was given about what they were supposed to do during that time.2.1.4. Light is Destructive In modern films, vampires are unable to withstand the direct rays of the sun. Direct exposure causes a vampire to completely dehydrate and burst into flames or crumble into dust within minutes. According to theories based on the vampires altered metabolism, sunlight causes the ichor to congeal in the vampires veins and the skin to decay rapidly. This feature is omnipresent in modern Hollywood movies but does not seem to have any legendary or historical background. In some recent movies, the experienced vampire is able to move and act as a human during daytime. Nevertheless, he loses his supernatural abilities and mortal weapons may harm him. Human Living Vampires also claim to have a severe sensitivity to sunlight as well as certain forms of artificial light. Through some diseases cause photosensitivity, the present aversion to light is probably a consequence of a nocturnal life and self-induced stigma. 2.1.5. Reflection Not Seen in a Mirror Vampires dont reflect in mirrors. In some areas, they are also believed not to show in photographs or to cast shadows. There are several instance son that in Stokers Dracula: He throws no shadow; he make in the mirror no reflect, as again Jonathan Harker observed.Professor Van Helsing in Mina Harkers Journal, Chapter XVIII of Dracula by Bram Stoker All over Europe, there was a taboo that all mirrors that are in the same room with a corpse should be draped otherwise the spirit of the dead person might become trapped in the mirror or the living unfortunate person whose body is reflected with the body of the dead, would die soon after the dead person was buried. A reason given for this is the old idea that the image of a person in a mirror is the soul of the person; since vampires have lost their souls they cast no reflection.2.1.6. Repulsion to holy ground Vampires are said to be unable to enter churches, temples, or other religious sanctuaries that represent light or goodness, whether they have been previously invited or not. They may only enter such holy places if they have been somehow desecrated beforehand. The vampire, as any pagan creature, is not admitted in the holy sanctuaries of the Church but there are no testimonies that he can be harmed if he does not follow the rule.2.2. Apostrophic Objects in the Vampire FilmApostrophic is a word generally used to mean something that ward off demons and other evil spirits, but is often used to describe the various methods of stopping a vampire.There are many methods used by many different major world cultures. There are many specific categories noted here.2.2.1. Seeds and grains Many substances can be strewn along a vampires grave and the path to the graveyard to hinder it should it attempt to rise; these substances include millet, sea sand, mustard seeds, oats, linen seeds, carrot seeds, and poppy seeds. Poppy seeds are especially useful because their inherent narcotic nature causes a vampire to wish to rest in its grave instead of walk. Accounts exist of supposed vampires having their caskets filled with poppy seeds to keep them in their graves. In Eastern and Central Europe following a burial of a person who might become undead, seeds and organic grains were sometimes placed in the coffin, in the grave, over the grave, on the paths from the cemetery to the homes of the living, and on the thresholds and roofs of the homes. In Macedonian Folklore by G. F. Abbot (1903), there is a case described where a vampire hunter lured a vampire into a barn where there was a heap of millet grains. The vampire became so pre-occupied with counting these grains that the vampire hunter was able to nail him to a wall without any resistance on the part of the vampire. Abbot also wrote that some Macedonians protected themselves from a possible vampire following a burial by placing mustard seeds on the roof and thorny plants outside the doors.2.2.2. Religious objects Across most of Europe, the vampire, as an agent of Satan, was held to be subject to the dominion of the symbols of Christ. The Cross, Holy Water and other symbols of the Church were almost universally held to be powerful weapons against vampires, werewolves, witches and other spawn of Satan.Various parts of the Bible were recited to help heal and prevent further vampire attacks, or verses from the Gospels may be carried on the person to prevent attacks. One should also take communion, attend Mass and pray to prevent attacks by any evil entity. This conception has evolved with centuries and the propagation of the vampire myth beyond the Christian world. Modern authors are definitely moving away from religious symbolism to control vampires. It can be explained by a growing awareness in our society of the variety of religious experiences available around the world, and the recognition that there are many people (including vampires) to whom Christian religious symbols are meaningless. Anne Rices vampires have no fear of holy symbols and may kill priests as any other victims.In some modern stories, “younger” vampires are often susceptible to the effects of such objects regardless of the wielders belief, but faith is required to affect older and more powerful vampires. It has been recorded that some very powerful vampires and Vampire Regents have been able to resist the effects of religious objects, but they still remain as the vampire hunters most potent defense.a. CrucifixAnything that resemble to a Christian cross and has been blessed will repel the vampire. Placed inside his empty coffin, it will prevent Dracula from returning to rest there. Putting a wooden cross on a households door or smearing tar on it in the shape of a cross would keep vampires away.b. Holy water While it would require generous amounts to actually destroy a vampire, holy water (i.e. - water that has been blessed by a priest or cleric of faith) acts like concentrated sulfuric acid when it comes in contact with a vampires flesh.2.2.3. GarlicVampires have a mystical aversion to garlic plants. The wearing of at least one clove around ones neck was sufficient to ward off a vampire. Furthermore, a vampire could not use his or her shape-changing abilities while within about twenty feet of a garlic clove.In some parts of old Romania, windows and thresholds were smeared with garlic juice or decked with garlic flowers to ward off witches, vampires and other supernatural beings on such nights as the Eve of St. George (April 22) and St. Andrews Eve (Nov. 29) when such creatures were believed to be especially active. Garlic was also used in other countries for the same purpose. These countries include Bulgaria and Bavaria.Garlic could also be stuffed into the nostrils, eyes, and ears of a corpse to prevent vampirism. 2.2.4. Stakes Stakes were used in many ways to prevent and imprison vampires. In Eastern Serbia, small pegs made out of hawthorn wood are driven into the grave next to the cross, preventing the corpse from becoming a vampire. Stakes and other sharpened objects are also driven into the body.The wounds preventing vampirism by making it impossible for the Devil to inflate the body so it can rise. Stakes can be simply driven over a corpses grave, so if it becomes a vampire and tries to rise, it will impale itself.2.2.5. Thorns Often branches of hawthorn were used for such purposes. One example of this is given in Vampires, Death, and Burial by Paul Barber: In Eastern Serbia, a small hawthorn peg may be driven into the grave, beside the cross, to prevent the corpse from becoming a vampire. Thorns (along with other sharp objects like nails and knives) can also be inserted under a corpses tongue to prevent it from sucking blood. Cremating a vampire with wood taken from thorn bushes also destroys them very effectively. Thorns, however, were used for other reasons than their ability to prick and draw blood. They also have a mystical power to deter evil.The branch of wild rose on his coffin keeps him that he moves not from it. - Professor Van Helsing in Mina Harkers Journal, Chapter XVIII of Dracula by Bram Stoker. Stokers source for this was probably the book about Transylvania by Emily Gerard.Montague Summers wrote on page 309 of his book The Vampire in Europe, first published in 1928, that: .on the Eve of St. Georges Day in Transylvania there used not to be a Saxon farm in Transylvania which had not the gates of the yard decorated with branches of wild rose bushes in order to keep out the witches. 2.2.6. Silver bullets .a sacred bullet fired into the coffin kill him so he be true dead. - Professor Van Helsing in Mina Harkers Journal, Chapter XVIII of Dracula by Bram Stoker. In the archives of the University of California at Berkeley, there is an account from a Serbian immigrant who said that a silver coin with a cross on it could be broken into four pieces, loaded into a shot gun, and fired to kill a vampire. In Eastern and Central Europe, people would sometimes fire rifles or pistols at the grave site to destroy invisible vampires that would roam around. Other vampires hunters used silver holly bullets to destroy the vampires they chased. There are other tales related to fairies, werewolves and witches that are known be repelled by silver. In England and Scotland it was once believed that witches could tak