高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解选练121.doc

济南历城区2017高考英语阅读理解一轮选练阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。According to historical documents, the forefathers of the Naxi people were closely related to a tribe called “Maoniu Yi” in the Han Dynasty，“Maoniu Yi” in the Jin Dynasty and “Moxie Yi” in the Tang Dynasty.Between the early 10th century and the middle of the 13th century, production in the Lijiang area experienced marked changes, as agriculture replaced livestock (家畜)breeding as the main occupation of the people. Scores of agricultural, handicraft, mineral and livestock products were turned out, and the country presented a picture of prosperity. During that period, a number of slaveowning groups in Ninglang，Lijiang and Weixi counties gradually grew into a feudal manorial lord caste(世袭封建庄园领主制)In 1278 the Yuan Dynasty established Lijiang Prefecture(自治州)representing the imperial court in Yunnan Province. This resulted in closer links between the Lijiang area and the centre of the empire.In the early Ming Dynasty, the leader of the Naxi people，named Mude, was made chief of Lijiang Prefecture, exercising control over the Naxi and other ethnic groups nearby. Throughout the Ming Dynasty, the chiefs from the Mu family kept taxes and tribute(贡品)flowing to the Ming court in the form of silver and grain. The Ming, in turn, relied on the Mu family as the mainstay for the control of the people of various ethnic groups in northwestern Yunnan Province.Later, with the development of the productive forces, buying, selling and renting of land began to take place in the Naxi areas，marking the beginning of a landlord economy.1In the 12th century, the main occupation probably be _.Alivestock breedingBagricultureCfishingDforestry答案：B从文章第二段第一句可知，10世纪早期至13世纪中期丽江经济经历了重大变化，也就是“agriculture replaced livestock breeding”。2Lijiang Prefecture was set up in _.A. the Tang Dynasty B. the Song DynastyC. the Yuan Dynasty D. the Ming Dynasty答案：C细节题。从第三段第一句可知答案。3During the Ming Dynasty, the Mu family kept taxes and tribute flowing to the Ming court in the form of _.A. gold and silver B. livestock and goldC. gold and silver D. silver and grain答案：D从文章第四段可知，the Mu family向明朝政府进贡物品是“silver and grain”。4What marked the beginning of the landlord economy?A. A feudal manorial lord caste.B. The appearance of buying, selling and renting of land.C. The rule of Mu family in Lijiang.D. The establishment of Lijiang Prefecture.答案：B从文章最后一段可知，the landlord economy的开始是以“buying, selling and renting of land began to take place”为标志的。5What is the best title of the passage?A. The Mu familyB. The history of Lijiang PrefectureC. The history of the Naxi Ethnic GroupD. The rulers of Naxi答案：C通读全文可知，文章主要讲了纳西族的历史。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。【2014高考英语考试大纲调研卷二模试题】Perhaps youve seen them on the playground, at preschool drop off, or piano lessons.Or even on the small screen, in TV shows like Up All Night. They are: the stay-at-home dads, and lately,it seems,theyre everywhere.The latest research shows that 32 percent of dads regularly care for their children and among those with preschool-age kids, one in five dads is the primary caregiver. In families where moms work, that figure rises to nearly one in three. Stay-at-home dads have become so common that even toy makers are catering to them.A recent study finds that todays full-time fathers arent trying to be Mr Moms instead, theyre carving out their own unique roles as parents. I spoke with some experienced stay-at-home dads, who agreed that their parenting style tends to be more rough-and-tumble. I do let the kids take more risks on the playground, whereas my wife tends to get nervous that theyll fall and hurt themselves, says Kyle, 38, an artist.In addition, as there are more and more stay-at-home dads, they are turning to each other for support. They create Meetup groups and holding Dads Nights Out. Kyle admits he has noticed a shift recently. Several years ago, I was checking out at the grocery store with the kids, and the cashier was very curious why I was buying groceries instead of my wife. I told her that I was a full-time dad, and she commented, Wow, I have never met one of you before. Now, my next-door neighbor is a dad who stays at home and we often trade off watching the kids after school.As for my own husband, although he admits that being a full-time dad is challenging, he is also proud of the strong bond that he has developed with our daughter, which will offer her benefits that last for years. Children with caring, involved dads tend to have higher IQs, more confidence, and do better in school. They are also less likely to experience depression or get into trouble, and have better social skills.63. Why are toy makers catering to stay-at-home dads?A. Kids enjoy playing with them.B. Kids like toys bought by them.C. They are bread-winner in the family.D. They influence the choices their kids make.64. According to Paragraph 3, stay-at-home dads_.A. can never replace moms loveB. can be as good at parenting as momsC. try to copy moms parenting styleD. differ from moms in parenting styles65. What changes has Kyle noticed recently?A. The founding of Meetup groups.B. The change of peoples attitude towards men.C. The increase in the number of stay-at-home dads.D. The development of new communication methods.66. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The future trend of stay-at-home dads. B. The benefits of stay-at-home dads for kids.C. The changes stay-at-home dads experience.D. The disadvantages stay-at-home dads cause.【解题导语】随着社会的发展，全职爸爸越来越多。他们对社会及家庭教育带来了重大影响。【长难句解读】 As for my own husband，although he admits that being a full-time dad is challenging，he is also proud of the strong bond that he has developed with our daughter, which will offer her benefits that last for years.分析：这是一个主从复合句。although he admits that being a full-time dad is challenging 是让步状语从句；that he has developed with our daughter 是定语从句，修饰先行词 bond;which will offer her benefits that last for years 是非限制性定语从句。译文:对于我自己的丈夫来说，尽管做一名全职爸爸是个挑战，但是他也对他和女儿形成的密切关系感到自豪，这将会让女儿受益若干年。63. D【命题意图】考查推理判断【解题思路】由第二段最后一句” Stay-at-home dads have become so common that even toy makers are catering to them.可知，家庭主男变得非常普遍，他们对儿童选择玩具的影响也随之增大，因而玩具制造商需要迎合家庭主男。64. D【命题意图】考查细节理解。【解题思路】由第三段中的their parenting style tends to be morerough-and-tumble及Kyle说的话可知，家庭主男们有着不同于妈妈们的育儿风格。故D项正确。65.C【命题意图】考查推理判断。【解题思路】根据第四段中Kyle的陈述可知，几年前收银员看到他带着孩子买食品杂货很惊讶，说明当时家庭主男很少见;而如今他邻居家的男主人也是家庭主男，他们轮流照看孩子，说明家庭主男增多了。故选C。66. B【命题意图】考查段落大意。【解题思路】通读最后一段的内容可知，本段主要讲述家庭主男在教育孩子上的诸多好处。社会生活类-78As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating (发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around. The 19th century saw land grants (政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died. Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now. So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species (物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects. The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways. The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West. 1. What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways? A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned.B. Some railroad stops remained underused.C. Land in the West was hard to manage.D. Land grants went into private hands.2. What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to thelast two paragraphs? A. The transmission of power. B. The use of money and power.C. The conservation of solar energy.D. The selection of an ideal place.3. What is the authors attitude towards building solar plants? A. Cautious.B. Approving.C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving.4. Which is the best title for the passage? A. How the Railways Have Affected the WestB. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the WestC. How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be ReducedD. How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled【参考答案】78.1-4 CBAB 阅读理解-BThe amount of time children spend in institutional care（机构式照顾）may affect how their brains develop. Thats the conclusion of a new study carried out by researchers at the University of Wisconsin, Harvard Medical School and the University of Minnesota. The study is published in Child Development in the journals January/ February 2010 issue.To learn how the lack of care and material needs that institutionalized children often experience affect brain development, the researchers looked at 132 8- and 9-year-olds. Some of them were adopted into U.S. homes after spending at least a year and three quarters of their lives in institutions in Asia, Latin America, Russia and Eastern Europe, and Africa. Others were adopted by the time they were 8 months old into U.S. homes from foster care（寄养）in Asia and Latin America; most of these children had spent no time in institutional care, while some had spent a month or two in institutions prior to foster placement. On average, the internationally adopted children had been living with their families for more than 6 years. These children were compared to a group of American children raised in their birth families.Children adopted early from foster care didnt differ from children raised in their birth families in the United States. Children adopted from institutional care performed worse than those raised in families on tests measuring visual memory and attention, learning visual information, and impulse （冲动）control. Yet these children performed at developmentally appropriate levels on tests involving sequencing and planning.The take-home message: Children make tremendous advances in cognitive（认知的） functioning once they reach their adoptive families, but the early impact on their brains development is difficult to change completely.We identified basic learning processes that are affected by early institutionalization, notes Seth Pollak, professor of psychology and pediatrics at the University of Wisconsin, who was the studys lead author. Policies that speed the time in which children can be removed from institutionalized care so they can develop within family contexts should be implemented to decrease the likelihood of learning problems later in childrens lives.1. The passage is mainly written to .A. compare two childcare systemsB. criticize the institutional childcareC. present a new research findingD. introduce the basic learning process答案解析：答案为C。本题为主旨大意题。本文运用了总-分-总的写作风格。注意文章第一段 “The amount of time children spend in institutional caremay affect how their brains develop.” 意为 “儿童受到机构式照顾的时间长短或许会影响大脑发育”，和最后一段Policies that speed the time in which children can be removed from institutionalized care so they can develop within family contexts should be implemented to decrease the likelihood of learning problems later in childrens lives. 可知，儿童应摆脱机构式照顾，而应在家庭环境下培养，从而降低他们以后有学习障碍的可能性” ，因此，文章主旨是在陈述一种新的发现。A，B，D都不是文章的主旨。2. Children have their brain development affected in institutional care bec