宾语从句(教案)

宾 语 从 句一 . 定义 简单的说 , 宾语从句就是一个或是几个从句充当主句中的宾语成分。二 . 主要类型 1） . 由连接代词或连接副词引导。 连接代词或连接副词引导的从句只是在某些动词后能用作宾语，这些动词有see , say , tell , ask , answer , know , decide , wonder , understand , discuss , show等等：e.g Do you know what he has said ? Can you tell me which class you are in ? Do you know what kind of person she is ? Lets see how we can finish the hard work . Have you decided whom you would visit tomorrow ? Please show me where your passport is . Lucy still wondered why he couldnt pass the exam .2） . 由连词 whether 或 if 引导。（口语中常用 if ） e.g She asked me if she could borrow these books . Lily wanted to know if / whether her grandma liked the handbag . 注：1)中所列的动词后也常可用 whether , if 引导的从句作宾语；e.g Im wondering if the letter is over - weight .I dont know whether this answer is right . 另外，这种从句前面有时还可以另有宾语。 e.g Please tell me which book I should read first . You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus stop . Did she say anything about how the work was to be done ？3)由that引导。（ 在口语或非正式文体中常省略 ） e.g He knew ( that ) he should work hard . He said ( that ) he would like to see the Headmaster . 注意：在某些句型中，特别是带复合宾语的句子中，that 引导的从句常常移到后面去，前面用一个 it 作形式上的宾语。(但是，有时 it 也可以省略） e.g We all thought it a pity that she couldnt come . I took his word for it that he would try his best to help us .（他说他要想一切办法帮我们，我相信他说的是真话。） I take it that we are to leave early .（我想我们动身是会很早的。）三 . 宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况 1.引导词 j由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词 that 等引导，并且在口语中常常省略此词：e.g He said （ that ）he had a new dictionary . I know ( that ) Lucy can play football very well . 但是，如果 that 引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时，最后一个 that 不能省略。 e.g I know ( that ) Tom comes from France and that he teaches in Guilin now .k由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用 whether 或 if 引导，并且两词可以互用。但是 whether 可以和 or not 连用，而 if 不能。 e.g I want to know whether ( if ) she still lives there . Please tell me whether you can come or not . l由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句，由特殊疑问词 who , whom , whose , which , when , where , why , how 等引导 。 e.g I dont know whose book it is . The teacher asked what was happening .Do you know where our English teacher lives ? He wanted to know why you can play the piano so well .2 . 语句的顺序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。 e.g Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ? He asked him where he came from . Did you know whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？ Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .3 . 时态的变化 j. 当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。 e.g I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English .k当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。 e.g He said ( that ) he would go to Xian . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( that ) he had had supper already .l当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。 e.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that no news is good news . The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .4 . 标点符号 宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。 e.g He asked me if / whether I could help him . Do you know where Li Ping is ?Please tell me which colour you like best . Could you tell me how to go the No.28 Middle School ? Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ? 5 . 宾语从句的否定形式 一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是 think , expect , believe , guess , imagine , suppose 等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。 e.g I dont think its going to rain . I dont believe she will lend you the money . 但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是 hope ，则不适用于这种规则。 e.g I hope he wont come .6 . 宾语从句中的特殊情形 在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意： 句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用 “ ask sb. to do sth. ” 的句式。 e.g Dont open the door . （用 they 作主语变为宾语从句） They ask not to open the door . k代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。 e.g “ I come from Canada ” , Lucy says . Lucy says that she comes from Canada .l若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是 does 或 did 时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。 e.g I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ” I asked Tom what he liked best . The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ” The teacher asked me if I have read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box ? ” He asked who could carry the box . 五 . 专项练习 1、Do you know how much hot water_ ?AMum is needed Bdoes Mum need CMum needs Ddid Mum need 2、Can you tell me_ ?Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is where Dwhat is he3、I didnt know how _ to London?Awould they go Bare they going Cthey would go Dthey are going 4、I want to know how long_ . Ahas he been back Bhas he come back Che has been back Dhe has come back 5、Do you know_ ?Awhat the news are Bwhat is the news Cwhat the news is Dwhat are the news6. _ is true that she may fall behind the others.A.There B.This C.That D.It 7.The foreign friends think _ the Chinese people are very friendly.A.that B.if C.since D.because 8.Id like to know _ Chinese.A.when he began to learn B.w