高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解编练（五）11.doc

河南南乐县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮编练（五）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2013潍坊5月模拟】When you tidy your messy bedroom，it gets a lot easier to find things.Dreams may work the same way for a messy brain，helping you learn by organizing memories and ideas.To test how much dreams can help learning，Robert Stickgold had some students play a shapefitting game called Tetris (俄罗斯方块) for a few hours and then go to sleep.Soon they were dreaming of falling Tetris shapes.Interestingly，the worst Tetris players had the most Tetris dreams and improved their game the most.Similar tests have shown the same results for all kinds of skills.As we dream，many important tasks are getting done.The brain decides what to keep and what to forget.It is connecting new experiences to older learning.In fact，the brain is learning all night long.Another important task of dreams may be to help us deal with emotions (情绪)At night，emotions are in the drivers seat.People who have had an upsetting experience often dream about it afterward.Often the dream event changes somehowanother way the brain tries to make the memory less upset.So if your best friend moves away，you might dream that youre the one whos moving.In fact，dreams have a proven power to improve mood，and people who dream about whats bothering them usually feel better sooner than those who dont.Everybody dreams for a couple of hours every nightin the course of your life，youll spend about 25 years asleep and 6 years dreaming.Theres probably no single answer to the question why we dream，but there doesnt have to be.One dream might help you remember your math facts，while another might lead to a new invention，or give you a fun，crazy story to tell your friends.Its all in a nights work for our busy，mysterious brains.1Robert Stickgolds test shows that_.Agames are useful for memoryBdreams can help improve skillsCplayers stop learning in dreamsDtasks can only be settled through dreams2We can learn from Paragraph 4 that_.Adreams can get rid of sufferingsBonly drivers can deal with emotionsCone may be less upset after a dreamDdreams can copy what one experienced3Which of the following does the author probably agree with?ADreaming does harm to ones mood.BDreaming affects the quality of sleep.CIts hard to find out the secrets of dreaming.DIts not so important to know the cause of dreaming.4What does the text focus on?ADreams and memories.BDreams and emotions.CThe benefits of dreams.DThe patterns of dreams.5In which part of a magazine can this text be found?AEntertainment.BTourism.CScience.DAdvertisement.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了梦的好处，即可以改善学习和情绪。1解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可知，为了证实梦对学习有帮助，Robert Stickgold做了这次实验，而实验结果表明选手的技能有所提高，根据本段最后一句“Similar tests have shown the same results for all kinds of skills.”可推知，梦对学习各种技能都是有帮助的，故选B。答案：B2解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Another important task of dreams.emotions (情绪)”和最后一句“In fact，dreams have a proven power to improve mood.”可知，梦有助于改善心情，故选C。 答案：C3解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Theres probably no single answer to the question why we dream，but there doesnt have to be.”可知，作者认为关于我们为什么会做梦的解释不止一个，但也没必要非要有一个解释。答案：D4解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了梦的好处：有助于改善学习和情绪。答案：C5解析：推理判断题。根据文章主旨可知，文章是关于梦的科学研究方面的知识，所以最可能在杂志的有关科学的栏目里找到此文章，故选C。答案：C。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。(NCB in Interpol)The organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. Less flatteringly, Interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics.As with most generalities, there is some truth in both statements. There are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with Interpol. There are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life. Consider the charisma of the name alone: INTERPOL, the international police force. Continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep. Surprisingly, a lot of it happens almost that way.Four groups coordinate and direct the activities of Interpol. One of them is the National Central Bureaus, or NCBs, bodies designated by the member nations to serve as their link with Interpol. These are the front-line troops, the action people. IN the United States, the Treasury Department is the National Central Bureau. In the United Kingdom, it is Scotland Yard; the Questura in Italy and the Melbourne City Police in Australia. Because police organization varies from country, the NCBs were established to act as the one special group to handle Interpol chores and unsure maximum cooperation between nations. Each NCB is usually an official government body with police powers if a country has only one central police authority, that body becomes the National Centre Bureau. Of course, any service appointed as an NCB is bound to its nations law and authority and retains its national title.Each NCB is connected by radio to the regional station for its geographic zone. The regional stations are connected to the Central Station in France. The radio network is versatile. Network stations can monitor the Central station or any regional station. Because of this messages can be broadcast to more than one station at a time. A coding system determines the urgency of each message so that those with high priority can be given precedence. Besides, other communication tools, such as radio-teleprinters and phototelegraphy equipment. Permit rapid transfers of fingerprints and photographs. Sometimes ever more advanced technology is employed. When the police all over the world were looking for a Canadian named George Leray, they turned to the Early Bird Satellite. Leray had led his gang on a daring holdup of a Montreal bank and gotten away with $4 million. Scotland Yard broadcast Lerays photo to the world by satellite. An American who saw the picture in Florida recognized Leray as a man who was living on a yacht in Fort Lauderdale under an assumed name. The police were alerted and arrested Leray.1. What is the best title for this passage?A. The Function of the Interpol. . The Quality of the Interpol.C. The Organization of the Interpol. D. The Rapid Development of the Interpol.2. The organization of this passage is A. general to specific. . cause and effect.C. comparison and contrast. D. development.3. The sentence “stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to A. a lot of employees busying in their work. many office workers busying with various documents.C. crowded with office workers busying with their own collected data.D. workers busying in their own information.4. Which is the easiest tool to communicate?A. Satellite. . Radio. Teleprinter. D. Phototelegraphy.Vocabulary1. Interpol 国际刑警组织2. outfit 全班人马，有组织团体3. chisel-jawed 仪表英俊的4. gimlet-eyed 目光锐利的5. jeopardy 危险6. flatteringly 奉承7. choke 闷死 choking on their own statistics 被自己的统计数字弄的喘不过气来8. as with most generalities 和大多数笼统说法一样9. grim 冷酷的10. drone 懒汉，懒洋洋的人11. shuffle 反复挪动，乱翻，洗（纸牌）12. charisma 超凡的魅力13. National Central Bureaus 国家中心局14. Treasury Department 财政部（美）15. Questura 警察局（意）16. Melbourne 墨尔本警察局17. chore 日常零星工作18. to be bound to 受的约束，义务，一定19. geographic zone 地区，地带20. versatile 有多方面用途的21. radio-teleprinter 无线电打印机22. phototelegraph 传真23. daring 大胆的24. holdup 抢劫25. alert 使警惕，使处于待命状态难句译注1. The organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimes been described as an outfit of chisel-jawed gimlet-eyed crime fighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. Less flatteringly, Interpol has also been described as a huge filing cabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics.结构简析 两个句子都是被动语气，都有分词短语。前一句known 修饰organization，后一句stuffed 修饰 cabinet.参考译文 闻名于世的国际刑警组织长被描述成一群仪表英俊，目光犀利和罪犯斗争的战士的群体组织。他们的生命无时无刻不处于危险之中。国际刑警组织也被描述为一个大型的档案室，里面挤满了工作人员，他们被自己的统计数字忙得喘不过气来。2. There are, certainly, some grim battlers of crime to be found working with Interpol. There are, just as surely, those drones shuffling mountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life.结构简析 这是两个句子，都是引导词there句型。参考译文 这里肯定能见到和罪犯斗争的冷酷无情的斗士在国际刑警组织工作，同样可以肯定，这里有那些懒洋洋的人在翻动如山的文件档案，他们的脸颊由于室内生活而消瘦如刀。3. Continents leaped in a single bound, oceans crossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep.结构简析 这是省略句。正常句型应该是Continents are leaped in，Oceans are crossed in, villains are watched by 。参考译文 大洲可一步跨过。大洋可以在转眼之间越过，坏蛋可以由日夜不眠的眼睛紧盯着。4. These are the front-line troops, the action people.参考译文 这些人是前线军，具体行动的人（执行人）。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇介绍国际刑警组织的文章。采用一般到具体的写作方法。头二段是对国际刑警组织的一般介绍，后面是具体到NCB，组成国际刑警组织四个部门之一国家中心局是各国负责和国际刑警保持联系部门，如英国的苏格兰场，美国的财政部等，最后一段讲联系的多种渠道和方式方法。答案祥解1. C. 国际刑警组织。上面文章大意已经说明介绍国际刑警组织，其职能性质只是附带涉及。所以A. B. 不对。 D. 迅速发展，文章没有涉及。2. A. 文章是一般到具体的组织结构。B. 因果 和 C. 对比。 不对。 D. 展开，任何文章都得展开。3. C. stuff=crowd 办公室挤满了工作人员，忙于分析处理收集来的信息和数据。见难句译注1参考译文。A. 有许多雇员忙于工作； B. 许多办公室人员忙于各种文件； D. 忙于自己信息的工人。 这三项都没有。4. B. 无线电通讯。纵然第四段内提及种种手段：卫星，无线电，打印机，传真电报。但无线电通讯仍是他们运用的最方便和最得力的工具，因为他们的无线电网络灵活多用，网络站能监控中央和各地区站点，而且一次能把信息传至好几台。至于卫星，电报，传真电报只是在特殊情况下运行，如快速传送照片，指纹等。所以A. 卫星， C. 无线电打印机， D. 传真电报，不对。史地自然型阅读理解- (二)If you are afraid of the dark，its not a big deal.Its perfectly normal to feel afraid. After all，animals do，too. “Fear matters，”says Karen Warkentin，an ecologist.“Its a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”Like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways.A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell.A small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches.Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying redeyed tree frogs in Costa Rica.In this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps(果冻一样的块状物)of their eggs to the undersides of leaves.The leaves hang on branches that dangle(悬挂)over ponds.After they hatch from the eggs，the tadpoles(蝌蚪)then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into adult frogs.Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching.If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.If hatching early helps protect redeyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs dont always hatch sooner.It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger.Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them, too.Staying in their eggs for 6 days，then，allows frog embryos(胚胎)to grow big and strong.This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water.1It can be inferred from the passage that fears_Ahelp animals grow bigger and strongerBare less common among young animalsChelp animals move a lot to fit the environmentDare more or less important for animals to survive2We are told in the passage that tree frogs_Aface danger both inside their eggs and in the waterBwill grow fast if they fall into the water laterCare surprisingly clever when inside their eggsDstay in their eggs longer if they are frightened3Why do the tadpoles hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule？Because_Athey like falling into the water earlyBthey want to grow into adult frogsCthey sense a hungry snake is about to attackDfrog embryos can grow strong4What is the best title of the passage?AWhat is fear?BWhy do we feel afraid?CYou feel afraid；animals do, tooDFear is a good thing5What would be discussed in the following paragraph?AFurther explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of the schedule.BHow the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them.CAnother example of animals that respond to fear in an unexpected way.DHow tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water.(二)【要点综述】 本文主要论述的是恐惧是人类和动物常见的一种现象，有时恐惧是一件好事。动物对于恐惧的反应是不同的，有些反应方式甚至超乎人们的想象。1D推理判断题。根据“because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”可知D项正确。2 A细节理解题。根据“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.”和“Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them，too.”可知，它们在孵化期间害怕蛇的攻击，在水里害怕被其他动物吃掉。故选A项。3C细节理解题。根据“If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.”可知，因为对它们有威胁的蛇不会游泳，所以提前孵化出来，掉到水里，蝌蚪就能够逃离蛇的攻击了。故选C项。4D主旨大意题。文章通过举例说明害怕是一件好事。故选D项。5C篇章结构题。根据“Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs.”可知，既然这是举例，有了第一个例子，那么它的后面还会有例子。故选C项。史地自然型阅读理解- (三)Besides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, ecofriendly rain gardens(雨水花园) are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby. A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden. It is just a far more ecofriendly garden. Usually it is built lower than the ground. Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(浸入)slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply.Thus, a rain garden keeps the water, allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden, rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused. The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two. This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed. This is a simple, attractive, and ecofriendly “green” way to treat storm water.Whats more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment. Without using expensive machinery and chemicals, rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%.Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate, soil, and water conditions. They may attract local wildlife such as native birds. Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week. Once the native plants establish the necessary root system, it will require little care.Often, local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems. However, you dont need to be a professional environmental engineer to create a rain garden. As long as youre ecoconscious homeowners, you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.1Which of the following is NOT true for the function of rain gardens?A. They are good for living conditions. B. They increase pollution.C. They can beautify the community. D. They improve the environment.2Which of the following is the ecofriendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4?A. They can keep the rain and storm water. B. They can help reduce the pollution problem.C. They can be healthy for the people around. D