附录外文翻译 doc.doc

附录：英语文献及其英文The development of high-speed milling grinding machine industryThe high speed in China whets to pare start not calculate too late, have already started developing high-speed grinding machine at the beginning of 70s in last century, obtain some piecemeal of achievement. The grinding machine profession convened whole country high speed to whet to pare a meeting in 1974, the meeting decided in the whole country to gradually expand high-speed grinding machine to combine to produce factory to associate design high-speed grinding machine from the grinding machine.In 1976, the grinding machine profession relevant factory house is in the tool machine factory concentration of Hangzhou carry on unite design, design a quite a few style product, among them M7132 high speed even whet appointed from original Chuang in the stone house three tool machine factory production, the line speed of the tool machine is also a 60 m/s. In 1978, original Chuang in the stone house third tool machine factory press consociation design diagram paper gave birth to 2 set high speed even whet, exhibit on the tool machine exposition of Wuhan at the same year and get a good character, but unfortunately can not carry on sale. Henceforth, the national national-economy gets into to adjust a period, the tool machine profession is subjected to impact, this 2 set the high-speed grinding machine always dont carry on sale and cause development and expansion of high-speed grinding machine suffer a defeat. In order to there being no the power of marketing demands, the high speed is even to whet at more than 10 years, stops a step not before. The high-speed even grinding development can not get into until 90s lately of the development expect. In 1992, Guizhou Zunyi Changzheng Eighth Electrical Appliance Factory for processing a high initial permeability perm alloy (IJ50) material, this material using conventional horizontal line speed of 35m/s milling, precision and surface roughness is not up to the technical requirements, but the use of high-speed grinding work piece can meet the requirements of. Under these circumstances, the unit asks Hang machine to provide one the set the high-speed grinding machine. Hence, refitted one set high speed for the unit on the MM7132 nicety even grinding foundation even whet, the emery wheel line speed attains a 60 m/s is above, use a circumstance better, acquired better economic efficiency. In 2005, the production of high-speed grinding machine gradually turns to from the special airplane product refitted a regular product, already set is the MMS7132.But allows multiuser usually for the sake of economical the equipments purchase expenses and rather purchase common tool machine again carry on refitting.Once designing around 2002 is well worth mentioning and experimented successful HZ-74/1 and MKS7130 two sets Be extremely high to is soon even to whet, these two set tool machines are Hang machines is developed with the property for cooperating with University of Hunan of, the line speed of the tallest emery wheel the former is 120 m/s, the latter more high as 314 m/s. The tool machine does in the university of Hunan extremely high soon whet to pare of experiment, technical personnel at extremely high soon even whet up to 45# materials, such as steels, stainless steel, tool steel, bearings steel and porcelain and ceramics etc. carried on to whet to pare experiment, especially professedly oxidize high PSZ and nitrogen to turn fire and oxidize materials like aluminum ,etc to carry on to the difficult hard frailty to efficiently and profoundly whet to pare, all come to a to a little bit ideally whet to pare effect. The tool machine is whetted to pare porcelain and ceramics material to also obtain better effect with the CBN emery wheel. Can say, this is China at extremely high soon whet to pare realm to obtain of had better become to accumulate, explain that we are in this realm is also have Be of. But generally speaking, manufacture and application of domestic high speed grinder is still modest state, application of high speed grinding machine has only a few other industries in electronics, has not been large-scale application. At high speed and extremely high soon whet to pare to study realm, Chinas University of Hunan efficiently whetted to pare a graduate school to make to beneficially try and obtained some achievements.Chinas high-speed flat grinding gap with the international advanced level:First, the normal regulations is even speed and the work set back and forth speed and foreign level whetting emery wheel line to compare a bigger margin. Line speed all generally in the 35 m/s is following; the emery wheel adopts more commonness of just jade emery wheel, carborundum emery wheel, the application of CBN, diamond emery wheel less. The abroad is even to whet emery wheel speed of 45 m/ s is above pretty much universal; even 60 m/s line speed also become the normal regulations speed of tool machine. It two, the yield of the high-speed grinding machine is few, the application isnt universal, so far, the grinding machine profession only has MMS7132 AN a kind of model number and specification, the tallest line speed 60 m/s. Tool machine is at MM7132 A nicety even whet foundation up change the system, enlargement whet a power of electrical engineering, adoption become to repeatedly equip exaltation to turn soon. Thickened an emery wheel protection cover hull, and raised the back and forth speed (35 m/min) of work set, enlarged to cool off liquid discharge. The emery wheel chooses high-speed emery wheel. Because customer less, tool machine batch quantity not big, many in the last years are just a little amount to produce, have in the whole product yield compare few. At extremely high soon whet to pare realm, although have already beneficially made to try, always say come, study aspect devotion shortage in the foundation, at high speed with extremely high soon whet to pare realm to lack thorough research, havent established independence development study the plan of high-speed grinding machine. Didnt also provide for the customers so far extremely high soon and efficiently and profoundly take shape a grinding machine product, certainly this grinding machine products lacking a powerful market to prop up is also reason. Whet to anticipate to wait forerunner to whet to anticipate application and pare to experiment to the whetting of super hard nonmetal material to CBN etc. research also few, can not prop up for customer providing a powerful technique. In the aspects of producing to learn to grind severity become disjointed; have of just for fighting for item just. The match produced to learn to grind isnt enough, each attend to each benefits and interest, and cause the industry of achievement turn to lead lowly.Development high speed even whets some suggestions:(1)Sell difference to turn strategy in the product under, raise the emery wheel line of the normal regulations grinding machine product of having the representative speed appropriately, widespread raise the line speed to a 45 m/s, whet to pare an efficiency by exaltation. In other words, be develop some quasi- high-speed grinding machines, use some CBN efficiently whet to anticipate emery wheel on these tool machines. Certainly, the price of tool machine should also rise appropriately. These tool machines can expand in the particular profession. The method passing to raise emery wheel to turn soon attains the purpose of raising the production efficiency, this affirmation will be popular among the customer. Whet the technique progress for anticipating along with the local high-speed emery wheel in fact, the application of high-speed emery wheel can get gradually extension, completely can widespread raise the emery wheel line of normal regulations grinding machine speed and certainly need to pass the implementation of profession standard to take into to expand.(2)At25 periods, particularly is the production that efficiently and profoundly takes shape grinding machine to have arrangement and programming to the high-speed grinding machine, make sure some tool machines with better inborn condition is radical type tool machine, develop high-speed grinding machine.(3)The customers who cultivate high-speed grinding machine are needing to be carried out most high-efficiency whet the professions like molding tool, etc paring to look for a customer, actively expand high speed to whet to pare a craft. The advantage that gradually makes the customer experience personally adoption high speed to whet to pare to bring them will aware of self ground to purchase high-speed grinding machine while purchasing tool machine equipments. (4)Carrying on is thorough of the high speed whet to pare a research, at extremely high soon whet to pare realm should also get involved in good time. Can foresee, who at extremely high soon whet to pare realm to obtain a research of achievement, who the ability be efficiently and profoundly whetting the development of paring the tool machine to obtain active power. The foundation technique research is still weak link and strengthens the quest to the lately technical research, new craft to have very important meaning currently. Experimenting a work should bring into regular management, have plan and have budget and have a target, ensure an of every year achievement.(5)Develop producing of depth to learn to grind a technique cooperation, build up a suitable cooperation colleague and start a business in the domestic cluster, pass various outlet at nation, province, the city layer class row item, high speed with extremely high soon whet to pare item to be included in a plan, fight for the public finance that acquires government of support.(6)Wait various body of carrying through an exposition, whet to pare tool machine to carry on extensive publicity expansion to the high speed, consciously cultivate typical model customers.(7)To national tool machine the standard committee suggest, high speed and extremely high soon the standard establishment of the grinding machine list as to standardize a work contents. At the same time, further research should be carried out, such as ceramics industry needs and super high speed grinder and so on, in order to lead the domestic market.国内外磨床行业高速平磨发展概况中国的高速磨削起步不算太晚，上世纪70年代初已开始研制高速磨床，取得了一些零星的成果。1974年磨床行业召开了一次全国高速磨削会议，会议决定在全国逐步推广高速磨床并由磨床生产厂联合设计高速磨床。1976年，磨床行业有关厂家在杭州机床厂集中进行联合设计，设计出好几款产品，其中M7132高速平磨指定由原石家庄第三机床厂生产，该机床的线速度也是60m/s。1978年，原石家庄第三机床厂按联合设计图纸生产了2台高速平磨，同年在武汉机床展览会上展出并获得好评，但可惜未能进行销售。此后，全国国民经济进入调整时期，机床行业受到冲击，这2台高速磨床始终未进行销售，致使高速磨床的发展和推广受挫。由于没有市场需求的动力，高速平磨在10余年间停步不前。直到90年代，高速平磨的研发才进入新一轮的发展期。1992年，贵州遵义长征第八电器厂因需要加工一种高初磁导率玻莫合金(IJ50)的材料，这种材料采用线速度35m/s的常规平磨，精度和表面粗糙度始终达不到技术要求，但采用高速磨削工件能达到要求。在此情况下，该单位要求杭机提供一台高速磨床。于是，在MM7132A精密平磨的基础上为该单位改装了1台高速平磨，砂轮线速度达到60m/s以上，使用情况较好，获得了较好的经济效益。2005年，高速磨床的生产逐步由改装的专机产品转为正规产品，定型号为MMS7132。但许多用户往往为了节省设备购置费用，宁愿购买普通机床再进行改装。值得一提的是2002年左右曾设计并试验成功HZ-74/1和MKS7130两台超高速平磨，这两台机床是杭机以与湖南大学合作的性质开发的，砂轮最高线速度前者为120m/s，后者更高达314m/s。机床在湖南大学做超高速磨削的试验时，技术人员在超高速平磨上对45#钢、不锈钢、工具钢、轴承钢、陶瓷等材料进行了磨削试验，特别是对硬脆难加工的氧化锆PSZ、氮化硅、氧化铝等材料进行高效深切磨削，都达到了比较理想的磨削效果。机床用CBN砂轮磨削陶瓷材料也取得较好的效果。可以说，这是中国在超高速磨削领域取得的最好成积，说明我们在此领域也是可以有所作为的。但总的说来，国内高速磨床的制造和应用仍处于不愠不火的状态，高速磨床的应用至今仅局限在电子等少数行业，未能得到大规模的推广应用。在高速和超高速磨削研究领域，中国湖南大学高效磨削研究所作了有益的尝试，取得了一些成果。中国高速平磨与国际先进水平的差距：首先，常规平磨砂轮线速度和工作台往复速度与国外水平相比有较大的差距。线