新课标1_第一单元_英语知识点总结.doc

英语知识点总结1.基本句型(主系表结构) 主语+系动词+表语系动词分为be动词和联系动词 （be动词：am is are 过去式was were）联系动词（半系动词，感官动词）看起来 look seem appear 听起来 sound 闻起来 smell 摸起来 feel 尝起来taste 四个保持：remain stay keep retain 五个变得：turn become grow go get become后接名词+冠词。turn 后接名词不接冠词。注意：半系动词无进行时无被动语态这些词只有后面接形容词或符合特定含义情况下才是联系动词。题：The flowers smell sweet. （正） The flowers are smelt sweet.（误） 2.be used to 与used to 的区别used to + do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例句: I used to play football after school.过去我常常在放学后踢球. Mother used not to be so forgetful. 妈妈过去不是这样健忘的。be used to do的意思是被用来做某事;eg.This knife can be used to cut things.这把刀能够被用于切东西。be used to doing的意思是习惯于做某事， to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。 He is used to a vegetarian（ ,vedteri:n 素食者的 ）diet. 注： 没有use doing这个用法 （考试的常考点）区分:used to 和would used to 的含义是：“过去常常，”是过去的一种经常行为或动作；而would的含义偏向于当前或将来。eg.I used to go to work by bus, but I go by car now.(i.e. both habits, past and present).注：如果句子中有一个特定的过去时间状语，则既可以用used to也可以用would,反之，如果没有这个特定的过去时间状语，则只能用used to 因为它表示的这个过去习惯动作现在已经停止eg. Have you always liked walking?-Yes, I remember when I was young I often used to go for long walks on my own.( used to 可以用would 替换)eg. This sort of novel used to be very popular(but it isnt now).( used to不能用would 替换)3.find out =make sure 查明；弄清make sure 1把事情弄清楚, 核实或查明某事物 2设法确保出现某事物 3查明;设法确保,确定1.the reason why he was late was that he got up late . (the reason 后接表语必须是that 引导的。)Its known to us that Taiwan is a part of China. What is known to us is that Taiwan is a part of China.注：表语从句必须是that引导的2. 1)作为使役动词（使；让）sb do sth 让某人做某事have sb doing sth让某人一直做某事 sth done2)作为实意动词（有）have sth to do有事情要做（have的主语做）have sth to be done有事情要做（不是have的主语做）比如I have some letters to type.我有一些信要打 Do you have anything to be bought你有什么要买么？（这里是说话人去买，而不是have的主语you去买）3. take place ,happen, come about用法区别(1)take place 一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排，例如： Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing. (2)happen一般用于偶然或突发性事件，例如：Accidents may happen. 意外事件可能会发生。(3)come about表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句，例如： When Mother woke up, she didnt know what had come about. Ill never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. 我怎么也理解不了他一个星期怎么会迟到Do you know how the air accident came about? 补充： happen的用法常见的有如下几种情况： 表示某地（某时）发生了什么事，常用sth.+ happen +地点/时间这一结构来表达，此时主语应是事情。例如： The story happened in 2003. 这个故事发生在2003年。 表示某人碰巧做某事，要用sb.+ happen+ to do sth.这一结构来表达。例如： I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。 happen表示碰巧或恰巧发生某事时，还可用It happens / happened that.这一结构来表达。例如：It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day. 碰巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家了。 It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon. 碰巧那天下午他不得不参加一个会议。注：that从句中的主语是人时，此种结构可以与sb.+ happen + to do sth.结构互换。例如： It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day. = Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day. doing4.heart+sb. do =被动语态还原to done I heard my name called eg: I heard him sing song in the next room.He was heard to sing.5.upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安；使心烦；打乱 现在分词upsetting 过去式和过去分词upsetEg :Your friends comes to school very upset.He went to be cold and hungry.What he said upset me.短语：upset sb. 使某人不安 upset sth.破坏了某事6.ignore=pay no attention to 不理睬；忽视Even the best men ignored that simple rule. 甚至最优秀的人也忽略了那条简单的规则。7.calm adj.:平静的；镇静的 ；沉着的 vt.：（使）平静；（使）镇定eg:we must be/stay/keep calm before danger.短语：calm sb =calm sb down 是某人平静/镇静下来8.concern vt.担忧；涉及；关系到 n.担心；关注；关系短语：show concern for为担忧 be concerned for/about 担心;牵挂eg:妈妈经常关心我的健康 My mother often show concerns for my healthy. My mother is concerned about my healthy. My mother often concerns my mother.9.Settle 名词：settlement vi.安家；定居；停留 vt.使定居；安排；解决eg:They settle (down)in their new house.10.a piece of advice 一条建议 give advice 提建议 fall /take advice 接受建议11.the comments which he made concerning marketing upset his boss greatly.12.lielie 躺；放；位于lielaylain