Book_8_unit_3_Inventors_and_inventions教案.doc

Book 8 unit 3 Inventors and inventions集体备课教案教学内容分析本单元的中心话题是“发明家与发明”。具体涉及“发明与发现的区别”、“发明产生的过程”和“申请发明专利的条件”。语言技能和语言知识都是围绕“发明这一中心话题设计的”。“热身”（Warming Up）部分为了帮助学生弄清发明和发现的区别，提供了三幅图画，要求学生小组开展讨论活动：1.讨论并描述出一些熟悉的现代发明，说明它们是如何改变人们的生活的。 2.讨论哪副图画是发明那幅图画是发现。3.列出发明和发现的标准。 “读前”( Pre-reading) 提供了发明家为了让其发明得到认可所必须通过的六个程序。要求学生调整其先后顺序来预测一项发明产生的过程，然后阅读短文并检验这个过程是否正确。 “阅读”( Reading )材料是一篇记叙文。故事讲的是一女孩如何通过多次尝试，最后成功地把在她母亲家院子里安家的一窝蛇捉住并放归大自然的，她的捕蛇技术事情了发明专利。文章也提到了申请专利的标准。 “理解”( Comprehending )部分设计了一些问题，检查学生对文章中事实性细节的理解与掌握，并讨论获得专利的好处，从而了解申请专利的意义。“语言应用”( Using Language)部分介绍了电话发明家亚历山大.格雷厄日姆.贝尔以及当今英国发明家詹姆斯.戴森的故事，并通过操练打电话和写求职信进一步训练学生的说和写的能力。教材整合Period 1 Vocabulary/ Period 2 Reading / Period 3 Language pointsPeriod 4 Grammer/Period 5 Extensive reading/Period 6 Writing Period 1 Vocabulary 1.怜惜，怜悯 n. mercy adj.merciful adv.mercifully2.立方体 n.cube adj.cubic3.愉快的 adj.merry adv.merryily4.辨认，鉴定 v.identify n.identification 身份 identity5.清白的,无辜的 adj.innocent n.innocence6.多种的,多样的 adj.multiple v.multiply7.联系,联想 v.associate n. association 8.方便的 adj. convenient adv.conveniently n.convenience9.突然的 adj.abrupt adv.abruptly10.结冰 v.freeze adj. freezing11.期望,预料 v.expect n. expectation12申请专利 apply for a patent 13.给某人打电话 call sb.up14.不时的 now and then 15.处理,去除 get rid of16.着手干set about doing/to do 17. 准备有 be prepared with 18.决定 decide on 19. 调整我的计划 adjust my plan 20. 抓住机会 seize the opportunity 21. 一件等待和期待的事情 a matter of waiting and hoping 22.经过三个阶段 go through three stages23.dive into 迅速把手伸入，一心投入 24.hang on 不挂断，稍等 25. Out of order 次序颠倒，发生故障 26.ring back 回复电话 27. ring off 挂断电话 Period 2 Warming up,pre-reading,reading学情分析：Step 1 Lead in (warming up and pre-reading)1.Do you know some famous inventors and their inventions ? Try to make a list of them. And explain its function. 1990, World Wide Web.Tim burners-lee 1950, Credit cards, Ralph Schneide 1923, Television , Logie Baird 1902, Air condition , Willis Carrie 2.Who was Edison? Do you know how many inventions he made? Can you mention some of them? Everybody knows he invented the electric bulb. A lamp cant give light without electricity.3. But did Edison invent electricity? Can electricity be invented? Is electricity an invention or discovery? No, electricity is a discovery.4.Let Ss look at these pictures on page 19.Which pictures show inventions and which show discoveries. what is a discovery and what is an invention?A discovery merely makes known something that already exist in nature, such as the discovery on the New Continent by ColumbiaAn invention is something that created by human being, such as the lighting bulb.5. Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved? Here give you some similar stages used in research, please out them in the suitable order.(on page 19) (1) finding a problem (2) doing research (3) thinking of a creative solution(4)testing the solution (5)deciding on the invention (6) apply for a patent6.Lets see how did the author solve the problem of the snakes. (on page 20)Step 2 Reading &Scanning Find out which paragraph or paragraphs deal with each inventing process in the passage.Para._1_ 1.Finding a problem Para._2_ 2.Doing research Para._3_ 3.Thinking of a creative solution Para._4、 5 、6_ 4.Testing the solution Para._7_ 5.Applying for a patentStep 3 Fast reading1. The purpose in writing this text is (C)A. to show us how to trap the snakes but not to kill themB. to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writers new ideaC. to introduce the writers new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patentD. to tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it a patent2. The biggest advantage of the writers new idea is that:(D)A. it makes the snakes move slowlyB. it makes the snakes hardly bite usC. it is easier for us to kill the snakes without hurting ourselvesD. it is easier for us to catch the snakes without killing them3. What instruments were used for catching the snakes? (C)A. a bowl, ice-cubes, male perfumeB. a bowl, a bucket, female perfumeC. a small net, ice-cubes, a bucketD. a small net, a bucket, powders4. Which statement is true according to the text? (B)A. The snakes were so sleepy in the second attempt that they couldnt bite the writer at all.B. Your product must be different from everybody elses if you want to receive a patent.C. The writer decided to send her invention to the patent office the moment she succeeded in catching the snakes.D. If an application for your product proves to be valid, you can get a patent immediately5.According to the text, which subject do you think can be given a patent? (C)A. A new star discovered by a scientist.B. A new novel written by Nuo yan.C. A new way to make dirty water clean.D. A new kind of grass found in a mountain which can be used as a medicine.6.The word “released” in the last sentence of the sixth paragraph means the same as _.(D)A. returned B. relaxed C. dismissed D. set free7.Which of the following can take the place of the underlined word in the sentence, “I collected the passive snakes and the next day released them all back into the wild.(C) A. inactive B. positive C. negative D. sensitiveStep 4 Careful reading True of false1.I bought an ice-cream maker made of aluminum. F2.The snakes are too big for me to handle. F3.The snakes are poisonous. T4.The snakes are finally sent to the zoo. F5.People who produced a new type of plant has the qualification to get a patent. F6.A patent will be published 18 months from the date you apply. TStep 5 SummaryWhen I 1._ my mother, I got the news 2._ some snakes seemed to have 3._ their home in our courtyard. It was a chance for me to 4._ myself by inventing something 5_ that helped 6._ them without hurting them.7,_with some research findings, I decided to cool them 8._ they could be9._caught. After that I 10. _ catching them. First I placed a 11._ bowl over the snakes 12._ with ice cubes 13._top of the bowl. Then I covered the whole thing with a large 14._, leaving everything overnight. The next morning I carried a small net in my yard. Because of the low temperature, the snakes were very sleepy so everything went as planned. I collected the 15._ snakes and the next day we merrily 16._ them into the wild.17._by my friends and relations, I decided to 18._ the opportunity to get 19._ for my successful idea by sending my invention to the 20._office. (D)1. A.called on B.called for C.called at D. called up(C)2.A.what B.which C.that D.why (A)3. A.made B.got C.had D.set(B)4.A.pretend B.distinguish C.differ D.produce(C)5.A.shamful B.stainless C.merciful D.merrily(B)6.A.get tired of B.get rid of C.get along with D.get ahead of (C)7.A.Arranged B.Equipped C,Prepared D.Invented (C)8.A.even though B.as long as C.so that D.as if (B)9.A.merrily B.easily C.carefully D.valid(D)10.A.set aside B.set out C.set down D.set about(B)11.A.cool B.frozen C.heat D.water(A)12.A.habitat B.habit C. court D. customs(D)13.A.at B.in C.with D.on(C)14.A.cup B.bottle C. bucket D.glass(A)15.A.passive B.positive C.negative D.sensetive(B)16.A.seized B.released C.caught D.freezed(D)17.A. produced B.impressed C. practiced D.pressed(B)18.A.file B.seize C.bear D.claim(D)19.Aconvenience B.identification C.expection D. recognition(D)20.A.extension B.criterion C.parent D.patent教学反思： Period 3 Important Language points学情分析：词汇辨析1.(page20,line7)distinguish 显示.的差别,使有所不同 be distinguished from 不同于.，与.加以区别 distinguish. from. 辨别，把.和.区别开 be distinguished by 以.为特征 be distinguished for 因.而著称People who can not distinguish between colors are said to be color-blind.不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。 2.bear 忍耐，忍受，生产，生育，承担，负责 bear in mind that.记住.考虑到cant bear doing 不能忍受做 bear/keep sth. in mind 记住.bear a heavy burden 肩负重担3.associate 联想，联系，同伴，伙伴associate sb./sth. with sb./sth. 把和联系在一起,由联想到associate with sb 与某人交往be associated with 和.有关in association with 与.合作/合伙 Ive never associated you with the place. 我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。I dont like you associating with those people.我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。4.(page20,line1)call up 给打电话,使回忆起call at 拜访某个地点call off 取消，停止call on/upon 拜访某人，号召call for 需要，需求，去接某人，为争取.而呐喊call by 顺路来一下That picture calls up memories of a holiday I had when I was a child. 那张照片使我回忆起儿时一个假期的情景。The Ministry of Education calls on students to exercise for an hour every day.教育部呼吁学生每天锻炼一个小时。The game was called off because of the bad weather.比赛因天气恶劣被取消。5.（page20,line12）set about (doing sth.) 开始，着手（干某事）set out to do 出发，企图，打算做set down 让下车,记下,写下set sth.aside 将.放在一边,不理会set off for =set out for= leave for 出发到某地The girl attendant has set about cleaning the room.那位女服务员已开始打扫房间。The driver set her down at the station.司机在车站停下车让她下去。I wanted to set off early in order to avoid the traffic.我想早点出发以避开交通拥堵。6.get through 设法联系上（尤指打通电话），（设法）做完，通过（考试），完成，用完，使某人理解get across 使某事传播或为人所理解get along/on 进展get away (from) 走开，离开，脱身get down to 开始认真做某事 get over 克服，摆脱（某种情绪）随堂练(1).As far as the American children are concerned, the Christmas is _A_ with excitement, appiness and gifts.A.associate B.get Cdeal D. satisfied(2).(2013烟台模拟) Trademarks are words, names or symbols that identify the producer of a product and _C_ it from similar goods of others.A.Defend B.protect C.distinguish D.break.(3).(2013嘉兴检测) I dont think our relationship could _A_ the strain of her mother visiting for a month.A. bear B.tell C.put up D.hold(4).The earthquake has destroyed most houses in the village. How are they going to _D_ the winter? A. get on B.get across C.get over D.get through(5).-Please forgive me to _D_ you _ so late, but I have something urgent. - Thats all right. Whats the matter? A.call , by B. call , off C. call, in D. call , up A. go into B. go through C. look through D.look into句式剖析7.(page21,line 41)Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. (page21,line 52)Nor will you receive a patent until a search has made 当only 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装，把助动词、情态动词、或系动词提到主语之前。否定词nor,neither等放在句首，也要进行倒装。 Only after you have reached 18 can you join the army. 8.(page21,line 43)The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are trule novel. Sothat so 后面跟形容词或副词，如果要修饰名词短语，要用so+adj.+a/an+n 的形式。9.Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. every time 用作连词，意为每次做.其用法相当于 the first time, each time, next time, 其从句谓语动词的时态依句意而定。Every time I think about it , I feel so frightened.all the time始终；一直 from time to time有时；偶尔；时常 in no time (at all)立刻；赶快；马上 keep time（钟表）走得准 many a time常常；多 on time 准时；按时at the same time 同时 at a time 每一次 at one time 过去，曾经 by the time到.时候By the time he was 3 years old, he had mastered 1000 words.10.(page20,line15)Prepared with some research findings,I decided on three possible approaches. 过去分词作状语，该动作和主语之间存在着被动关系。 (1) Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.= When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. (2) Encouraged by the progress he has made,he works harder. = As he is encouraged by the progress he has made,he works harder. (3)Reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.11.Follow it up, explore all around it,and before you know it , you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.句子公式：祈使句+ and/or/otherwise/but/so+ 陈述句，祈使句相当于一个if 引导的条件状语句，and 之后相当于主句。所以，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。Work harder and/then you will succeed in your studies.=If you work harder, youll succeed in your studies.=Working harded,you will succeed in your studies.12.(page22,line2) Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesnt work the first time. in case of 后加名词或代词，意为“要是.” in case后跟句子，意为“假使，以防万一” in this case 如果这样的话 in that case 如果那样的话 in any case 无论如何 in no case 决不，任何情况下都不(1) In any case（不管怎样）I shall return in a day or two(2) In no case（无论如何都不会）will I turn against my motherland(3) In that case （如果那样的话）I have no more to say (4) In case of（若发生）fire, ring the bell. Period 4 Grammar学情分析：Revise the Past Participle as the Attribute, Predicative and Object ,Complement ，复习过去分词作定语，表语及宾语补足语用法一、动词-ed形式作定语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示” “完成的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如： spoken English (英语口语)； iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。1. The tall man is a returned student 高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。2. My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教师。 位置： (1)前置定语：单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修的名词的前面, 作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into building. (=the people who were excited)激动的人们冲进大楼。Lost time can never be found again(=time which is lost) 虚度的时光, 无法挽回。 (2)后置定语： 动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (=That has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 练习：高考链接1)Most of the artists A to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B. to invite C.being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books D for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B.to be written C. being written D. written3) The Olympic games, C in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods B through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying5) Mr. Smith, _A_ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring二、动词-ed形式作表语 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter. 看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea 听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。 常见的作表语的过去分词有:16amused(愉快的)； broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)； astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)； experienced(有经验的); delighted(高兴的)；lost(丢失的)；gone(遗失的)； disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)； interested(感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的) pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)； surprised(吃惊的); married(已婚的)； known(著名的) 等等作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等所修饰。 I was very pleased at the news 听了这消息我很高兴。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分厌倦这工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 6）Cleaning women in big cities usually get _C_ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay7) As we joined the big crowd I got _A_ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed8) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _C_ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。基本用法动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。We thought the game lost我们认为球赛输了。I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等