[英语考试]新托福分类词汇570精讲精华版

单词实用突破,刘 洋, 单词重要吗？, 你为什么总记不住单词？, 如何记住单词？, 单词只记住了就可以了吗？,记忆单词的方法,形象记忆词根词缀组记综合法,让你记住单词的方法就是好方法,形象记忆,一读，就是所谓的谐音，就是根据读音联想到单词的意思。二拼，就是利用汉语拼音来记单词。三变形， 很多单词并不是那么规整，需要进行简单的变形， 四拆，就是把单词拆分成两个或更多个有效的部分。 五分，很多单词去掉一个或两个字母，成为你认识的单词，就要用五分的方法。六开屏，以上的方法都是通过短单词来记忆长单词，但有的时候，也可以通过你所熟悉的长单词来记忆你不熟悉的短单词。,词根词缀,英语中存在大量的派生词，派生词都是由词根+词缀构成的。英语中多数的词根词缀都来自于拉丁语和希腊语。词缀分为前缀和后缀。前缀影响意思，不影响词性，后缀影响词性，不影响意思。派生词的主要意思由前缀和词根共同决定。,重在使用,某老外苦学汉语十年，到中国参加汉语考试，试题如下：请解释下文中每个“意思”的意思。阿呆给领导送红包时两人的对话颇有意思。领导：“你这是什么意思？”阿呆：“没什么意思，意思意思。”领导：“你这就不够意思了。”阿呆：“小意思，小意思。”领导：“你这人真有意思。”阿呆：“其实也没有别的意思。”领导：“那我就不好意思了。”阿呆：“是我不好意思。”老外泪流满面，交白卷回国了 。,gelivableungelivable,smilence,stupig,vegeteal,harmany,我的建议,三要1. 要准备一个笔记本（英文及词性，中文，记忆方法）2. 要及时复习单词，采取往复循环的方式3. 要有使用新学的而又地道的单词的意识和习惯,我的建议,三要1. 要准备一个笔记本（英文及词性，中文，记忆方法）2. 要及时复习单词，采取往复循环的方式3. 要有使用新学的而又地道的单词的意识和习惯,三不要1.不要利用大块时间集中记单词（最好记忆单词的时间是半饥饿状态和睡前）2.不要机械地抄单词3.不要一个人背,复习单词的方法,多听，多读，多用识字卡养成查字典的好习惯单词游戏,Read, read, read!,Period 1 Intro和动词篇Period 2 动词篇Period 3 动词篇和名词篇Period 4 名词篇Period 5 形容词篇Period 6 形容词篇和其他篇Period 7/8 考试与生活中的词汇,dismantle,assemble,真题演练,The growing custom of regularly assembling from afar the representatives of all kinds of groups, not only for political conventions, but also for commercial,professional, learned, and avocational ones. in turn supported the multiplying hotels.(A) announcing(B) motivating(C) gathering(D) contracting,assemble:similar/assimilate/symphony/approximatelysimulate/stimulate,co/com/col/cor/con:coincide/compile/collaborate/correct/conceive,depress:depressed/the Great Depressionpressure/express/impress/compress/oppress/suppress/repress,Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information.(A) put together(B) look up(C) pile high(D) work over,组装，集合,conceive,大萧条,encounter,真巧啊！,convincing,倒塌,impressive,ambition,be inclined to dobe ready to do/be prepared to do/be willing to doinclination,vok/voc = voice:invoke/provoke/evoke/vocal/vocation/advocate,persist和insistpersevere, perseverence, perseverent,Being so educable, individual birds have markedly different interests and inclinations, strategies and scams.(A) tricks(B) opportunities(C) preferences(D) experiences,The Moon, which has undergone a distinct and complex geological history presents a striking appearance.(A) altered(B) substituted(C) experienced(D) preserved,accommodateaccommodating/accommodation/commodity,assure/ensure/insure,tain/ten/tin = holdobtain/attain/attainable goal/attainmentcontain/detain/maintain/maintenancesustainable development,stop/pause/suspend/halt/cease,Cease to struggle and you cease to live. 生命不息，奋斗不止。,commence/commercecommencement是开学典礼还是毕业典礼？,表示“约束，限制”的词：control/limit/bind/restrict/confine/enclose/restrain/refrain/constrain,distorting mirror/torture/torment/contortionist,erode = corrode intermediate = mediateavenge = revenge suppress = repressnoted = notable shameful = shamelesseminent = prominent dominant = predominantinhibit = prohibit,The broad utility of terra-cotta was such that workers in clay could generally afford to confine themselves to either decorated ware and house wares like cookingpots and storage jars or building materials like roof tiles anddrainpipes.(A) adapt(B) train(C) restrict(D) organize,extraordinaryordin = ordercoordinate/subordinate/superordinatebe subordinate to be submissive/obedient to be sujected to,Individual Party members must be subordinate to the Party organization, the minority to the majority, the lower Party organizations to the higher, and all Party constituent organizations and members must be subordinate to the Central Committee.,pend/pens 花费悬挂,expensive/pension/compensate,depend/independent/suspend/append/appendix,suspended sentencesuspended mode,suspense/suspenseful/suspenser/suspension/suspender,supplement supply,他们都是动词supplement/complement/implement,newsreel 新闻片,纪录片documentary (film) 记录片,文献片filmdom 电影界literary film 文艺片musicals 音乐片comedy 喜剧片tragedy 悲剧片dracula movie 恐怖片swordsmen film 武侠片 detective film 侦探片ethical film 伦理片affectional film 爱情片western movies 西部片trailer 预告片cartoon (film) 卡通片,动画片,Some movies are serious, designed to make the audience think. Other movies are designed primarily to amuse and entertain. Which type of movie do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.,Different people like different types of movies. Some people like to watch a movie that makes them think. They prefer movies with a murder investigation or some kind of intricate plot. Other people prefer movies that make them laugh. Personally, I like more comedies, but sometimes my husband insists on watching a fantastic or a scary movie just to diversify our repertory.Comedies make one laugh. People can just relax, buy a bottle of coda and some popcorn and enjoy those moments. It is a means of eliminating stress and tension. Usually, we go to the movie theatre once a month because in this case we always find new comedies to watch. I like those moments when it is dark and one just can enjoys the actions from a large screen.I do not want to say that I do not like movies that make me think. Sometimes I really like the plot or performance. For example, Traffic, a movie about drugs and young people, is very touching and topical. From my point of view, every family should watch this movie together and discuss the important aspects of it. One more example of this kind of movies is Mister G. It is about a little boy who needed a surgery to live. His heart did not work properly, so a boy needed another one to survive . Basically, the movie is about a family that faces many difficulties and obstacles, trying to save their only child. I think that humankind needs such movies. First of all, they help people enjoy their life and be grateful. Second of all, they help people realize that they are a big family.In summary, I think that every movie must teach us be kind, strong and grateful.,cease,assure,服从于,suspend,advocate,undergo,坚持不解,confine,inclination,auto 自动、自己autobiography/automobile/autogragh/autonomy,contradictcontradictioncontradictory/self-contradictory,This derectly contradicts what the passage indicates.This was another part where experience contradict theory. (O.G pg255),denote 象征，表示 denotation 外延 connote 隐含，暗示 connotation 内含,deviate fromvia/viaduct,notion,口音在加重(accentuate)四牛在弯曲(sinuate)一挖就撤离(evacuate)十点变稀释(attenuate)向外才掩饰(extenuate)流动才波动(fluctuate),reduce/produce/introduce,张贴海报要推测(postulate)里面有蛇才绝缘(insulate)哥哥老鼠来祝贺(gratulate)人类IP要控制(manipulate),induce/seduce/deduce,termin = limit 界限terminal/terminus/terminate/terminator/interminable,This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.(A) joined(B) missed(C) caused(D) lost,compose/be composed ofbe made up ofconsist ofcompriseconstitute,表示“改变、变化”的词：change/alter/transform/shift/convert/vary/diversify,The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust.(A) adapts to(B) benefits from(C) consists of(D) focuses on,A third process by which salinity may be altered isassociated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When sea water is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind.(A) determined(B) changed(C) accumulated(D) needed,Its relative abundance never seems to vary much. In some places, there may be slightly more of it; in others, slightly less, but the ratio of helium to hydrogen nucleial ways remains about the same.(A) mean(B) stretch(C) change(D) include,dispose ofdisposable chopstickes/instant noodle,tractor拖拉机 tract 拖、拉abstract / attract / distract / contract / extract,show / indicate / revealinply / infer / hint,干涉，介入intervene / intermediate / interfere / interpose / meddleget involved / wade into / step in / get between,衣冠不整禁止入内自带饮料酒水禁止入内未满18岁者禁止入内,off limits toout of bounds tostaff only No unauthorized access prohibited No unauthorized entryNo admittance,Out of bounds to those:Dress at randomBrown-bagger for drinkUnder age eighteen years old,sub 次、准、亚、下subcontinent / subequal / subtropical / subtitle,subway / submerge / subordinate / subscribe submit / submissive / subconscious,总结：常见的八个前缀 前 pre / pro 后 post / epi 上 super / hyper 下 sub / de / hypo 里 ac / in 外 ex / e / es 分 dis / se 合 com / sym,viv vit vig=life，表示“生命”,vivid a 活泼的、生动的vivisect v 活体解剖(vivi+sect 切割活着切割)revive v 复活(re 再+viv+c复活)vital a 有活力的、重要的(vit+al)vitality n 活力、生命力revitalize v 恢复生命、复兴(re 重新+vital+ize重新活过来）vitamin n 维生素(vit+a+min 素生命要素维生素)vigor n 精力vigorous a 精力旺盛的invigorate v 鼓励;使强壮(in 进入+vigor+ate进入活动鼓励),改变、转移transformtranslatetransporttransfertransplant,穿过、越过transparenttransecttransnormaltranscontinentaltransmit,trans 穿梭,She also photographs away from her studio at various architectural sites, bringing camera, lights, mirrors, and a crew of assistants to transform the site into her own abstract image.(A) move(B) extend(C) change(D) interpret,大门系列agate 玛瑙congregate 汇总 instigate 煽动 propagate 繁殖（尤指植物）fumigate 消毒 profligate 挥霍无度 colligate 束缚 mitigate 缓和,一个大门是玛瑙，GRE大门在汇总，街道里面在煽动，向前翻页才繁殖，门前有烟是消毒，向前飞离挥如土，共同束缚送缓和。,表示“提高，加强”的词raise，heighten，increase, improve，strengthen，reinforce，enhance,你知道succeed除了成功还有别的意思吗？,suc + ceed（随后跟上走继续，继承一直继续下去成功）,ceed / ced / cess / ces “ 走，前进 ” proceed / process / procedure exceed / excessive access / accessible / inaccessible precede / precedent / unprecedent,In 1872 only two daily newspapers could claim a circulation of over 100,000, but by 1892 seven morenewspapers exceeded that figure. A world beyond theimmediate community was rapidly becoming visible.(A) controlled(B) surpassed(C) affected(D) equaled,Designers of the railroad stations of the new age explored the potential of iron, covering huge areas with spans that surpassed the great vaults of medieval hurches and cathedrals.(A) imitated(B) exceeded(C) approached(D) included,你认识这些首字母缩略词(acronym)吗？,TOEFL / SAT / IELTSVIP / MVPCEO / MBAP.S. C/O e.g.,presume和assume,assume是指在没有证据或不确定的情况下认为某事是存在的或是真实的。Why do you assume that Im angry? 为什么你会认为我在生气? presume是认定为假设而给出合理的证据。If a person is missing for 7 years, he is presumed dead. 假如一个人失踪七年，即作已经死亡论 。,1866年，苏格兰传教士兼探险家李文斯顿（David Livingstone）出发探索尼罗河源头，后来失去音信；另一位探险家斯坦莱（Henry Morton Stanley）1971年赴非洲寻人，终于在宇治治（Ujiji）找到他，当时李斯顿已是虚弱不堪。斯坦莱对他说的第一句话就是：Dr Livingstone, I presume?（你是李文斯顿博士吧？）这句话成为名言。用presume一字，是因为斯坦莱相信眼前人正是他要找的人。,Some sixth-and fifth-century B. C.Athenian pottery establishmentsare known to have concentrated on a limited range of fine ware, but arural pottery establishment on theisland of Thasos produced many types of pottery and roof tiles too,presumably to meet local demand.(A) frequently (B) practically (C) preferably (D) probably,The widespread and usuallyuncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process,starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use.(A) understanding (B) public awareness(C) scientific knowledge (D) expansion,考试中最常见的三个undergo / underlie / undertake,Buddhists believe if you think hard about the underlying nature of life, youll see that everyplace there is loss, there is suffering, there is disease, there is death, there is pain.(by Shelly Kagen, Yale Uni.),The entire assumption of all the lines of thought that Ive been discussing so far today have in common the underlying belief that the way to deal with the fact that we live and then were dead is to try to make the life that youve got as good as possible, as valuable as possible, to pack as much into it as you can (by Shelly Kagen, Yale Uni.),写作替换词汇 (动词篇)use = utilizeshow = demonstrateruin = devastaterespect = esteemstop = ceaseappear = emergechange = convertlimit = restrictsatify = gratifydecorate = embellish,collideconflictclash,vol, volv, volt “卷，滚”volumerevolution / revolutionizedevolve / evolution / evolutionisminvolve / involvement,Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteenth century when coke was first used instead of charcoal for refining iron ore. (A) quickly started (B) gradually opened (C) dramatically changed (D) carefully examined,When Jules Verne wrote Journey to the Center of the Earth in 1864, there were many conflicting theories about the nature of the Earths interior. (A) controlling(B) outdated(C) opposing(D) important,托福阅读的常见题裁,印第安动植物（必考） 动物学：动物进化（evolution），动物灭绝，动物分类，生活习性（群居，迁徙，伪装）考古学 美国历史地理学天文学文学、艺术,pos, posit = put “放”pose / compose / expose / propose / depose,The pressure exerted on the human body increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters of depth in seawater, so that at 30 meters in seawater a diver is exposed to a pressure ofabout 4 atmospheres.(A) leaving behind(B) prepared for(C) propelled by(D) subjected to,When songs have been subjected to these processes, their origin is usually impossible to trace.(A) reduced(B) modified(C) exposed(D) imitated,mode - modify - modifierclear - clarify - clarificationample - amplify - amplifier,Few predators (食肉动物) fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey. Needless to say, each short run between flight attempts is directed away from the nest.(A) catch (B) notice (C) defend (D) chase,pursue sb./ ones goal / ones career / ones studyin pursuit of,Birds die in pursuit of food, and human beings die in pursuit of wealth.,ject 扔，投，掷 reject / object / injectrect 立，正，直 erect / correct / rectanglelect 挑，选，说 elect / neglect / dialectfect 制造，做 perfect / affection / affectation tect 顶，盖子 protect / protectory / undetected sect切，割，分 section / insect / transectspect看 inspect / prospect / suspect / suspicious / spectacle / spectacular,词根总结：辅音字母 + ect,sistassist / consist / be consisitent with / insist / persist / resist / irresistablesta系列stable / obstacle / instant / constant / status / stationarystitut建立，放constitute / constitution / institute / institution / constituent / substitutestruct建立structure / construct / reconstruct / destruct / instruct / superstructure / infrastructure,词根总结：st表示“站立，建立”之意,The self-educated son of a Delaware farmer, Evans early became obsessed by the possibilities of mechanized production and steam power. As early as 1802 he was using a stationary steam engine of high-pressure design in his mill. Engines of this type were not unknown, but before Evans they were generally considered impractical and dangerous. (A) single (B) fixed (C) locomotive (D) modified,Each SMSA would contain at least (a) one central city with 50,000 inhabitant or more or (b) two cities having shared boundaries and constituting, for general economic and social purposes, a single community with a combined population of at least 50,000, the smaller of which must have a population of at least15,000. (A) located near (B) determined by (C) calling for (D) making up,Helium nuclei have also been found to be constituents of cosmic rays that fall on the earth (cosmic rays are not really a form of radiation; they consist of rapidly moving particles of numerous different kinds) . (A) relatives (B) causes (C) components (D) targets,tribut = give 给予contribute / distrubute / attribute,attribute to = ascribe to,prior to sunject to give ones way to expose to apply to thanks to ascribe to attach to,Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider. (by Francis Bacon , Of Studies),读书时不可存心诘难读者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。（王佐良译）,ven，vent “来”intervene / convene / contraveneavenue / revenuewith the advent of,与相符合，一致,accord withcoincide withconform toconsist withcorrespond with / to,in accordance within agreement within conformity within line within keeping withbe consistent with,Their light was already halfway here before the Eartheven formed. The light from the nearby Virgo galaxy set out when reptiles still dominated the animal world.(A) threatened (B) replaced(C) were developing in (D) were prevalent in,Secular institutions, of control such as thepolice and army take the place of religion andfamily in maintaining order, and a moneybasedeconomy prevails. Because of thesecontrasts, popular may be viewed as clearlydifferent from folk.The word prevails is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) dominates(B) provides(C) develops(D) invests,Secular institutions, of control such as the police andarmy take the place of religion and family inmaintaining order, and a money based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, popular may be viewed as clearly different from folk.(A) dominates (B) provides(C) develops (D) invests,Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human jo