高考英语二轮复习 攻关篇 专题七 史地常识类课件.ppt

专题七史地常识类 典例示范 a b a 2015湖南卷 b篇 initsearlyhistory chicagohadfloodsfrequently especiallyinthespring makingthestreetssomuddythatpeople horses andcartsgotstuck anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentsomethinglikethis amanisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddychicagostreet askedifheneedshelp hereplies no thanks i vegotagoodhorseunderme thecityplannersdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage 排水 system buttheresimplywasn tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel theonlytwooptionsweretolowerthechicagoriverorraisethecity a b anengineernamedellischesbroughconvincedthecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt thisraisedthelevelofthecity sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginchicago buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasements andthesecondstoriesintomainfloors orhoisttheentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel smallwood framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily butwhataboutlarge heavystructureslikethetremonthotel whichwasasix storybrickbuilding a b that swheregeorgepullmancamein hehaddevelopedsomehouse movingskillssuccessfully toliftabigstructurelikethetremonthotel pullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews 螺旋千斤顶 beneaththebuilding sfoundation onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews atpullman ssignaleachmanturnedhisjackscrewthesameamountatthesametime therebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly astonishingly thetremonthotelstayedopenduringtheentireoperation andmanyofitsguestsdidn tevennoticeanythingwashappening somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution butinchicago searlyhistory everyengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem nowthatchicago swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintothechicagoriver thecity snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver 语篇导读 本文为说明文 芝加哥早期经常发生洪水 导致道路特别泥泞 因此 城市规划者采取了一些解决办法 a b 1 theauthormentionsthejoketoshow a horseswerefairlyusefulinchicagob chicago sstreetswereextremelymuddyc chicagowasverydangerousinthespringd thechicagopeoplewereparticularlyhumorous解析 细节理解题 由第一段可知 芝加哥经常发生洪水 尤其是在春天 这使得道路特别泥泞 马车也往往被困其中 作者提及这个笑话就是为了说明芝加哥的道路极其泥泞 答案 b a b 2 thecityplannerswereconvincedbyellischesbroughto a getridofthestreetdirtb lowerthechicagoriverc fightagainstheavyfloodsd buildthepipesaboveground解析 细节理解题 由第三段可知 埃利斯 切斯布罗格工程师建议将排水管道建在路面之上 再用泥土覆盖 答案 d a b 3 theunderlinedword hoist inparagraph4means a changeb liftc repaird decorate解析 词义猜测题 由第四段可知 大楼的主人面临一个选择 要么把第一层改为地下室 要么把大楼整体抬高 hoist意为 举起 抬高 答案 b a b 4 whatcanweconcludeaboutthemovingoperationofthetremonthotel a itwentonsmoothlyasintended b itinterruptedthebusinessofthehotel c itinvolvedpullmanturningtenjackscrews d itseparatedthebuildingfromitsfoundation 解析 推理判断题 由第五段 astonishingly thetremonthotelstayedopenduringtheentireoperation andmanyofitsguestsdidn tevennoticeanythingwashappening 可知 在对特里蒙特饭店进行整体抬高时 它仍然在营业 客人们甚至都没有察觉到发生了什么 由此可推测 整个抬高的过程是很平稳的 答案 a a b 5 thepassageismainlyaboutearlychicago s a popularlifestylesandtheirinfluencesb environmentaldisastersandtheircausesc engineeringproblemsandtheirsolutionsd successfulbusinessmenandtheirachievements解析 主旨大意题 文章主要讲的是芝加哥早期所面临的一些工程问题以及采取的一些解决办法 故选c项 答案 c a b b 2015湖北卷 c篇 hilversumisamedium sizedcitybetweenthemajorcitiesofamsterdamandutrechtinthegooiareaofnorthholland thenetherlands unlikemostofthenetherlands hilversumisactuallyinahillyareawiththesoilmostlyconsistingofsand oncecalledthegardenofamsterdam itstillattractstravelerstocomeovertocycleandwalkthroughthesurroundingforests theyvisititforarelaxingdayofffromtheurbanmadness fordutchpeople hilversumisallabouttextile 纺织 andmediaindustries andmodernarchitecture a b inhistory hilversumwaslargelyanagriculturalarea dailylifewasmarkedbyfarming sheepraisingandwoolproduction arailwaylinktoamsterdamin1874attractedrichtradersfromamsterdamtohilversum theybuiltthemselveslargevillas 别墅 inthewoodedsurroundingsofthetown oneofthefamiliesmovinginwasthebrenninkmeijers currentlythewealthiestfamilyofthenetherlands theymovedinafterbigsuccessinthetextileindustryandaidedasubstantialtextileindustryinhilversum butthetextileboomlastedonlyseveraldecades thelastfactoryclosedinthe1960s thechangetoamediaeconomystartedin1920 whenthenederlandseseintoestellenfabriek nsf establishedaradiofactoryinhilversum mostradiostationssettledinthelargevillasintheleafyareasofthetown televisiongaveanotherpushtothelocaleconomy hilversumbecamethemediacapitalofthenetherlands anddutchtelevisionstarsmovedintotheleafyneighborhoodssurroundingthetown a b intheearly1900s modernarchitectsw m dudokandj duikerplacedhundredsofremarkablebuildingsinhilversum thesemodernarchitecturalmasterpieces 杰作 aresomanythathilversumalmostfeelslikeanopenairmuseum dudokaloneshapedmostof20thcenturyhilversumandapproximately75buildingsstillbearhisuniquecharacteristics hismasterpiece hilversumtownhallwasbuiltin1928 1931 ithaswideinternationalfameandisincludedinmanyarchitecturetextbooks thebuildinghasaremarkableshapeandlookslikeacombinationof blocks actually onemaystarthisjourneyofmodernarchitecturebywalkingorbikingthew m dudokarchitecturalrouteinhilversum 语篇导读 本文为说明文 文章主要介绍荷兰城市希尔维苏姆 a b 6 hilversumisdifferentfrommostofthenetherlandsinthat a ithasalargepopulationb itiscutofffrombigcitiesc ithasmanybeautifulgardensd itisinahillyareawithsandysoil解析 细节理解题 根据文章第一段第二句 unlikemostofthenetherlands hilversumisactuallyinahillyareawiththesoilmostlyconsistingofsand 可知 希尔维苏姆的不同之处在于它位于山区 而且是沙土 故选d项 答案 d a b 7 whatwasthegreatestcontributionofthebrenninkmeijerstohilversum a buildingarailwaylinktoamsterdam b helpingitstextileindustrytodevelop c constructinglargevillasforthepoor d assistingitsagricul