translation-of“oil”.doc

Oil(Excerpt l)by G.C. ThornleyThere are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral. Great quantities of animal oil come from whales, those enormous creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick covering of fat called blubber. When the whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either on board ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, but none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod and the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemists.油选节1GC索恩利 油主要有三种：动物油，植物油和矿物油。其中大量动物油取自鲸鱼。这些巨大的海生物是在世界上现存最大的动物。为了抵御北极海的寒冷，鲸鱼天生就长有一层厚厚的脂肪鲸脂。当鲸鱼被杀害，鲸脂就会被剥除并进行熬煮。这些操作会在船上或岸上进行。鲸脂可以生产大量的油，这些油被制成食品供人类消费。其他一些生物也出产油，但没有鲸鱼这么多。鳕鱼和比目鱼，这两种鱼的肝脏出的油营养丰富。这两种鱼肝油可以提供生病的儿童和其他残疾人某些维生素。这些鱼肝油可以在任何药店买到。Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. No household can get on without it, for it is used in cooking. Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Soaps are made from vegetable and animal oils.植物油从古代就为人所知。因为它用于烹饪，家中不能没有它。香水可能由某些花的油提炼而成。肥皂是由植物和动物油加工制成的。 To the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another. But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, he almost always means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships, motor-cars and diesel locomotives, the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machinery. This is the oil that has changed the life of the common man. When it is refined into petro it is used to drive the internal combustion engine. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse. To it we owe the possibility of flying. It has changed the methods of warfare on land and sea. 在一般人看来，无论什么油都同样重要。但是当政治家或工程师谈及油时，他几乎总是指矿物油。矿物油，可以驱动坦克、飞机、军舰、电机车和内燃机车，可以用来润滑各种机械。正是矿物油，改变了普通人的生活。当它被提炼成石油，就可以用来驱动内燃机。多亏了它，我们用汽车取代了私人马车；多亏了它，我们的飞天梦成为可能。它已经改变了在陆地和海上作战的方法。This kind of oil comes out of the earth. Because it burns well, it is used as fuel and in some ways it is superior to coal in this respect. Many big ships burn oil instead of coal. Because it burns brightly, it is used for illumination; countless homes are still illuminated with oil-burning lamps. Because it is very slippery, it is used for lubrication. Two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat; but if they are separated by a thin film of oil, the friction and heat are reduced. No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated. The oil used for this purpose must be of the correct thickness; if it is too thin it will not give sufficient lubrication, and if it is too thick it will not reach all parts that must be lubricated. (from English Through Reading)这种油产自地下。因为燃烧充分，所以作为燃料，燃烧利用率在某种程度上优于煤。许多大船以燃油代替燃煤。因为油点燃后火光明亮，所