M8U1 The written world 单词讲解

M8U1 The written world1. bookworm n. 极爱读书的人，书迷2. poetry n. 诗歌 U. contemporary poetry She started writing poetry at a young age.Poem诗歌（可数） poet （诗人） poetic：adj. 像诗的, 有诗意的 3. drama n. 戏剧，戏剧艺术 a TV/television/radio dramadramatic: 戏剧的，戏剧性的 激动人心的; 给人深刻印象的: dramatic changes, developments, news 激动人心的变化、 发展、 消息dramatically adv: Her attitude changed dramatically. 她的态度突然大大改变. 4. fiction n. 小说，虚构的事works of fiction 小说作品science fiction horror fiction5. antique n. 古董，文物My mother collects antiques. 6. characteristic n. 特征，特点，特性 adj. 典型的，独特的，特有的N: Personal charicteristics, such as age,sex,and martial status are all taken into consideration.(个人的特点，如年龄，性别，婚姻状况Adj: She speaks with characteristic enthusiasm.Cf: character : n. 品质，性格；（事情，时间或地方的）特征，特色；人物； 文字，字符7. novelist n. 小说家-a person who writes novels8. chapter n. （书的）章，篇，回；时期，时代 Ive just finished Chapter 3. 我刚看完第3章. -period of time 时期: the most glorious chapter in our countrys history 我国历史上最光辉的时期.9. opera n. 歌剧；歌舞团；歌剧院soap opera n. 肥皂剧10. author n. 作者11. abuse vt. 虐待；辱骂；滥用1)- make bad or wrong use of (sth) 滥用 妄用（某事物）: abuse sth 滥用abuse ones authority, power, positionabuse alcohol/drugs2)- treat (sb) badly; 虐待某人attack in words 说（某人的）坏话; 辱骂; 诋毁. abuse sb虐待、辱骂某人a much abused wife 备受虐待的妻子.N: of sth abuse of trust, authority 辜负别人的信任, 滥用权力. Drug and alcohol abuse contributed to his early death.several cases of child abuse12. cemetery n. 墓地，公墓(graveyard; churchyard)13. desperate adj. 铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的(近乎疯狂的)；非常需要，渴望-feeling that you have no hope and are ready to do anything to change the bad situation you are in:1）The doctors made one last desperate attempt/effort to save the boys life.2）Desperate measures are needed to deal with the growing drug problem.3）Have you watched TV series “Desperate Houswives”?4）a desperate criminal.铤而走险的罪犯5）a desperate attempt to save the family business.拯救家族事业的孤注一掷的尝试6) in desperate need (of)迫切需要be desperate to do sth/for sth 非常渴望做/ 得到Theyre desperate for money. 他们极需钱. Im desperate to see her. 我很想见到她. Adv: desperately They fought desperately for their lives They desperately wanted a child.N: desperation In desperation, they jumped out of the window to escape the fire.an act of desperation14. criminal n. 罪犯 adj. 犯罪的，犯法的；刑法的，刑事的 an escaped criminal criminal behaviour(crime: n.罪，罪行，犯罪)15. tension n. 紧张气氛；紧张，烦躁；矛盾，对立1)-U （心理、 情绪或神经方面的紧张:）You could feel the tension in the room as we waited for our exam results.Tension is a major cause of heart disease. 精神紧张是引起心脏病的主要原因. 2)- U 不可数或复数a feeling of fear or anger between two groups of people who do not trust each other:（人、 团体等间）关系紧张，矛盾的状态: ）There are growing tensions betweeen the two countriesracial/political/social tension(s) 种族间的政治上的/社会生活中的紧张状态The incident has further increased the tension between the two countries. 该事件导致两国关系更趋紧张（关系更趋对立）.16. twist n. 转折，转变；转动；急转弯 vi&vt （使）弯曲；转动；蜿蜒 N: 1）搓; 转; 扭; 拧; 旋转; 扭伤:He gave my arm a twist. 他扭了一下我的手臂. body twist 身体扭动 2）转折; 转变; 急转弯；发展: the twists and turns in the economy, market, policy 经济/ 市场/政策的曲折转变 a strange twist of fate 命运的奇异改变 The story had an odd twist at the end. 那个故事煞尾处奇峰突出.V：The path twists and turns for miles. 迂回曲折 The road twists its way through the foreest （曲折前进）The papers twisted everything I said. 报纸把我的话全都歪曲了. 17. plot n. 故事情节；阴谋，密谋 vt. 密谋；绘制（图表）N: the plot of the play/novelV: plot to do sth 密谋、策划做某事18. generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的It is /was generous of sb. to do sthShes always very generous to the kids/the poorbe generous with ones moneyN: generosity Her friends take advantage of her generosityadv:generously 19. vain adj. 虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的He was vain about his looksa vain attempt 劳而无功的努力in vain 无结果地; 徒然，枉然: try in vain to sleep 怎麽也睡不着. (I tried to sleep, but in vain)无效果的; 无用的: All our work was in vain. 我们的工作全都白干了 He swore that his sons death would not be in vain.20. rigid adj. 死板的，僵化的，固执的；坚硬的，僵直的 rigid disciplineShe has very rigid ideas about marriage and family.rigidly adv:21. civil adj. 有教养的，有礼貌的；国民的，平民的；民事的（非刑事的）He tried to be civil to themcivil law 民法civil cases 民事案件 cival rights 民权 civil war 内战N: civilization22. bent adj. 弯曲的；驼背的；决意的 N: 天赋，爱好be bent on (doing) sth 决心做某事,一心想做某事 (通常指坏事)(very determined to achieve something)adj: a bent old manShe is bent on making life difficult fof me.V: bend-bent-bent vi.俯身；弯曲 vt.使弯曲 n.弯曲(处)23. theme n. 主题，主题思想；主旨；主题音乐 theme song/music theme parkThe books theme is the conflict between love and dutyThe theme of our discussion was Europe in the 1990s. 24. violent adj. 暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的 adv:violentlyHe is a violent and dangerous man.They had a violent quarrel and John stormed out.the increase in violent crimeviolent winds, storms, earthquakes25. N: violence 暴力，暴行；强暴；猛烈，剧烈，强烈crimes of violence.暴力犯罪the violence of a hurricane.台风的猛烈There is too violence on TV these days.26. on the run 躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波The film begins the same way as the novel doeswith Finn(Pip)meeting a violent crimminal on the run from the police.I have been on the run all day and Im exhausted.The robbers have been on the rn for a month （在逃）她从早到晚奔忙不停：She is on the run from morning till night.我们抓到一个在逃犯人: We caught a crimonal on the run.have/keep the enemy on the run 逼得敌人奔窜.on the go 忙个不停, 动个不停You cant keep small children still. They are always on the go.on the move 在旅途中，在迁徙中;在前进Science is always on the move.America is a country on the move.27. painter n. 画家28. live up to 达到，符合（期望），不辜负live up to ones expectationslive up to ones promiselive up to ones dreamsHe failed to live up to his principles, his reputation, his parents expectations 他没有遵守自己的原则 不符个人的声誉 辜负父母的期待.29. workhouse n. （英国旧时的）劳动救济所30. millionaire n. 百万富翁become an millianaire overnight31. vice n. 罪行，恶习；罪恶(opposite to virtue)Smoking/Cheating is a vice.Greed is a terrible vice. 贪得无厌是可鄙的行为.vice- 前缀 “副的” vice-president vice-principal32. reform vt & vi & n （使）改过自新，改造；改革，改良V：-to improve a situation by correcting things that are wrong or unfair, or make a system work more effectively; to change your own or someone elses behavior, so that it is no longer illegal or harmful:1)The healthcare system must be reformed.2)a proposal to reform tax laws3) There are signs that hes reforming. 有迹象表明他在变好. 4) reform ones ways, habits 改变作风 习惯5) a reformed alcoholic /gambler一个已经改过自新了的酒徒/赌棍reform oneself: 改过自新He has reformed himself.N：改进; 改良; 改革; 改造:1)make/ carry out reforms in education 进行 实行教育改革.2)economic /social/political reform3)the reform of sth( such as teaching methods, politics, economy, ect.)33. threat n. 威胁，威吓He had received death threats.A bomb threat forced them to make an emergency landing.The program is under threat of closure due to lack of funding.be/present/pose a threat to.对是/ 构成威胁Drunken drivers are/pose a serious threat to other road users.The fighting is a major threat to stability in the region.threaten v.要挟，威胁，扬言threaten with sththreaten to do sththreaten thatThe attacker threatened me with a gun. They threatened to kill him unless he did as they asked.Then he became angry and threatened that he would go to the police34. violence n. 暴力，暴行 35. resist vi&vt 反抗，抵制，抵挡resist 表示“抵挡住，忍住” 常与表否定意义的cant/can hardly/be not able to l连用resist sth/doing sth1)I can never resist temptation/chocolate/the urge to laugh.2)She can never resist buying new clothes.3)Its hard to resist an invitation like that.4)He resisted cooperating with me.N: n: resistance抵抗，反抗(to)resistance to diseaseadj: resistant be resistant to 对抗拒的，抵制的, 抵抗的，Why are you so resistant to change/reform?36. reunite vt&vi （使）重逢，再相聚；（使）再结合，再联合-to bring together again:to reunite a divided family/country/worldbe reunited with sbThe children were finally reunited with their families.Sarah was finally reunited with her children at the airport N: reunion重聚，团聚；(久别后的)聚会to have a family reuniona reunion with my college classmateshave/hold an annual reunion 举行一年一度的联欢会 a reunion dinner, celebration 重聚宴会 庆祝会.37. home-made adj 自制的；家里做的；国产的 -made at home and not bought from a shop:homemade bread/cakeshomemade wine38. bind-bound-bound vt 捆，绑，系；（使）联合；约束，迫使 They bound the packages with brightly coloured ribbon.Bind together the two broken ends.The prisoner was bound hand and foot.bound by a deep sense of duty; 为强烈的责任感所驱使bound by a common interest in sports. 由于对体育运动的共同兴趣而结合39. spin-spun-spun vi&vt （使）快速旋转；（使）急转身；纺纱；吐丝结网； N: (高速)旋转The Earth spins on its axis.The room started spinning and I felt faint.She spins goats hair into wool/spins wool from goats hairspiders spinning their webs 结网的蜘蛛The airplane suddenly went into a spin.40. sneaker n. 运动鞋 a pair of sneakers41. pin vt 使不能动弹，摁住；（用大头针等）固定，别上，钉住 n. 大头针，胸针pin A to /on Ba note pinned to the document 别在文件上的便条 Pin the bills together so you dont lose them. 把帐单别在一起以防遗失Can you pin this to the notice board?He pinned the name tag on his jacket. They pinned him against the wall. 他们把他按在墙上使他不能动弹. a hat/tie pin42. worn out adj 破烂不堪的，废旧的；精疲力尽的wear sth outbe worn out43. envelop n. 信封44. brand new adj. 全新的，崭新的a brand new book/baby45. spit-spat-spat/ spit-spi-spit vi&vt 吐唾沫（表示愤怒或鄙视； 吐，唾（唾沫，食物等） He was spitting blood after being hit in the mouth. 他嘴上挨了打之後, 吐出血来. The baby spat its food (out) onto the table. In many countries it is considered rude to spit in public.She spat at him/in his face. 她向他他的脸上啐了一口唾沫.The sign says “No spitting”46. chest n. 胸部，胸膛；大箱子 He was shot in the chest at point blank range.He folded his arms across his chest a very hairy chest a medicine chest 药品箱 a tool chest 工具箱.47. attic n. 阁楼，顶楼 furniture stored in the attic 在阁楼存放的家48. modern-day adj. 现代的；当代的a modern-day Cindarellamodern-day America49. stepmother n. 继母50. stepsister n. 异父（异母）姊妹51. rag n. 破布，破衣服；抹布 pl.破旧衣服Instead of a handkerchief he had an old (piece of) rag.The gun was wrapped in a dirty rag.a man in rags 衣衫褴褛 52. Ireland n. 爱尔兰 53. rescue n&vi&vt救援，营救come/go to ones (the) rescue 救援某人，帮助某人rescue sb /sth from sp.a rescue party /teamThe lifeboat rescued the sailors from the sinking boat.The government has refused to rescue the company from bankruptcy.You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 是你给我解了围.Lifeboats carry out many rescues every month.I lay still,waiting for rescue.A wealthy spon sor came to our rescue with a generous donation.I didnt know anybody at the party, but the hostess came to my rescue她正要放弃，这时他们来营救她。_.54. wrap vt. 包，裹；围，缠绕 wrap-wrapped-wrapped She wrapped the present and tied it with ribbon. He wrapped a towel around his shoulders wrap sth in / be wrapped inShe wrapped the baby in a blanket.The present was beautifully wrapped in gold paper.她把钱小心的包在手帕里。_. 55. Scotland n. 苏格兰 56. suprem adj. 最高的，至高无上的the supreme commander of the armed forcesthe Suprem Court 57. reputation n. 名誉，名声， 名气have a reputation for. 由于。而出名have the reputation of有。的名声The company has a worldwide reputation for quality.She has the reputation of being a good doctor.His reputation was destroyed when he was caught stealing some money.The hotel has a bad/good reputation.He earned/established/gained/acquired a reputation as an entertaining speaker.(He has a good/bad reputation as a doctor 医疗信誉好坏 The people therehave a reputation for laziness/for being lazy 以懒惰出名)live up to ones reputation 不负盛名58. debt n. 债务，欠债be in debt/ be heavily(deeply) in debt负债、负债累累get/run/fall into debt陷入债务be/get out of debt 不负债pay off ones debts 还清债务However, he came from a family with a lot of debts.He is in debt to the bank because he bought that big house.我叔叔挣得少花的多，很快就债台高筑My uncle spent more than he was earning, and soon got into debt终于，他们还清了所有的债。_.59. holy adj. 神圣的，圣洁的 a holy person 圣洁的人 a holy place.神圣的地方 the Holy Bible the Holy City Jerusalem 圣城（耶路撒冷）.60. widow n. 寡妇 -woman whose husband has died and who has not married again 寡妇; 孀妇: She has been a widow for ten years. 她守寡十年了61. monument n. 纪念碑，纪念馆，纪念塑像；古迹a monument to sb/sthIn the square in front of the hotel stands a monument to all the people killed in the war.The statue was built as a monument to victims of the war. The factories are important monuments to the areas industrial past.an ancient/a historic monument62. adore vt. 热爱，喜爱，爱慕adore sb/sthadore doing sthShe has one son and she adores him.I absolutely adore chocolate.Dont you just adore lying in a hot bath?adorable adj -very attractive; delightful; lovable 迷人的; 讨人喜欢的; 可爱的: What an adorable child! 多可爱的孩子! 63. romantic adj. 浪漫主义的，浪漫的64. touch on /upon 谈及，涉及-mention or deal with (a subject) briefly 提及或涉及（某问题）: The matter was hardly touched on. 那件事几乎没涉及到.The report touches on the relationship between poverty and poor health.These issues were touched on in Chapter 2.65. intend 打算，计划，想要 be intended to be /do sth. 目的是作为某物，目的是做某事intend to do sth 打算做某事inten