高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解基础选练（一）11.doc

山西五台县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础选练阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.I say clever because antislavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial，at least today，of Twains novels，Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn，Twains most widely read tale.Once upon a time，people hated the book because it struck them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)But the attacks were and are sillyand miss the point.The novel is strongly antislavery.Jims search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As JChadwick has pointed out，the character of Jim was a first in American fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities，“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim，the father and the man.”There is much more.Twains mystery novel Puddnhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，Twains tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her masters baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South，switched him for the masters baby by his wife.The slaves lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slaveholding class.The masters wifes baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudicemanner of speech，for examplewere，to Twain，indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.Twains racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youthmostly with white men performing in blackfaceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.Was Twain a racist？Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white，fought and won a war to free him.And Twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.【语篇解读】 通过研究马克吐温的作品，来判定他是否是一名种族主义者。作者列举了大量事实，说明了马克吐温是名反对种族主义的斗士，反驳了别人那些错误的观点。1How do Twains novels on slavery differ from Stowes?ATwain was more willng to deal with racism.BTwains attack on racism was much less open.CTwains themes seemed to agree with plots.DTwain was openly concerned with racism.解析推理判断题。由第二段With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else directly可知。答案B。2Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its_.Atarget readers at the bottomBantislavery attitudeCrather impolite languageDfrequent use of “nigger”解析细节理解题。由第三段More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)可知。答案D.3What best proves Twains antislavery stand according to the author?AJims search for his family was described in detail.BThe slaves voice was first heard in American novels.CJim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.DTwain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.解析推理判断题。由第五段中的后三句话可推出。答案C.4The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that_.Aslaves were forced to give up their babies to their mastersBslaves babies could pick up slaveholders way of speakingCblacks social position was shaped by how they were brought upDblacks were born with certain features of prejudice解析推理判断题。由第六段第一句The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status，可推知。答案C.5What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?AThe attacks. BSlavery and prejudice.CWhite men. DThe shows.解析词义辨析题。由第七段Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.可知。答案D.6What does the author mainly argue for?ATwain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.BTwain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.CTwains works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.DTwains works should be read from a historical point of view.解析主旨大意题。该篇从马克吐温的人生经历，他的作品及其它作者的作品进行比对后，作者得出了：马克吐温比与他同时代的作家更反对种族主义。答案A.阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Imagine putting a seed in a freezer, waiting 30,000 years, and then taking the seed out and planting it. Do you think a flower would grow? Amazingly, scientists have just managed to do something very similar. They found the fruit of an ancient plant that had been frozen underground in Siberia a region covering central and eastern Russia for about 31,800 years. Using pieces of the fruit, the scientists grew plants in a lab. The new blooms have delicate white petals. They are also the oldest flowering plants that researchers have ever revived from a deep freeze. “This is like regenerating a dinosaur from tissues of an ancient egg,” said University of California, Los Angeles biologist Jane Shen-Miller. The plant has a long history. Back when mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses walked the land, an Arctic ground squirrel buried seeds and fruits in an underground chamber near the Kolyma River in northeastern Siberia. The ground became permafrost, a layer of soil that stays frozen for a long time. Recently, Russian scientists dug out the old squirrel hole and found the plant remains 38 meters below the surface. Back at the lab, the team fed nutrients to tissue from three of the fruits to grow shoots. Then the scientists transferred the shoots to pots filled with soil. The plants produced seeds that could be used to grow even more of them. Its important for scientists to know that plant tissues can still be revived after being frozen for a long time. Thats because many researchers are trying to preserve the seeds of modern plants by freezing them and then storing them in giant lockers at various spots around the globe. One such endeavor, an underground facility in Norway, is called the Svalbard Global Seed Vault. It stores hundreds of thousands of frozen seeds. If a plant ever goes extinct, scientists could bring it back by taking its seeds from the Svalbard or other storage lockers. “No one knows how long they are able to live for, but freezing is basically the format for many plant conservation attempts nowadays.” Shen-Miller said. Its a good thing that at least some plants are tough enough to survive the experience.64. How did the fruit originally get underground? A. It was placed there by an animal. B. It was trapped there during the ice-age. C. It was planted there by ancient farmers. D. It was buried there after the earthquake.65. Why are scientists interested in this discovery? A. It helps them learn how plant life has changed in the past 30,000 years. B. It can help guide future efforts to protect endangered plant-life. C. It can provide directions for where to look for other ancient plants. D. It proves that all plant life can survive for thousands of years when frozen.66. The underlined word “they” in the final paragraph refers to _. A. plantsB. seedsC. scientists D. storage lockers67. The purpose of the passage is to _. A. discuss a plant conservation effort B. introduce some ancient plants C. outline some causes of global warming D. describe a scientific research project66.【答案】B【解析】根据前一段的最后一句“If a plant ever goes extinct, scientists could bring it back by taking its seeds from the Svalbard or other storage lockers”可知，此处的they指的应该是seeds。【考点定位】考查推理判断题。67.【答案】D【解析】本文主要讲了科学家受到一颗冷冻的种子的启发，尝试用此方法来保存种子，因此这是一个研究项目。故D项正确。【考点定位】考查综合归纳题。阅读理解 Telepathy is the ability to communicate without the use of the five senses.Its an instinct which can be woken up in times of emergency or need. When we feel that something is happening or about to happen by instinct, were using resources wihtin the unconscious mind. When the resources of two persons unconscious minds think link together into the same frequency. We call it telepathy. We can either send or receive telepathy. If you know who is calling before you answer the ringing phone, you are probably a good receiver. If you think of a person, and they call you, you are most likely better at sending.You can easily put your abilities to the test. Think of somebody and will them to contact you. Be patient. The other person may not be a good receiver, but they should contact you much earlier than would normally be expected. Or whenever the phone rings, try feeling whos contacting you. Dont guess, try to feel the vibrations. However, if neither of these work for you, that doesnt mean that you are not capable of telepathy. As mentioned earlier, telepathy is most likely to turn up in case of emergency. Telepathic Dreams often contain telepathic messages. Two people may both dream of the other, and find that their dreams have a clear connection. These people are probably linking to each others uncounscious mind.Telepathy&Relationships The more people spend time together, the more likely they are to be able to link up to the others mind, especially when separated.There are two reasons for this. One is that they understand the others, mind through time spent together；the other is that there is usually a strong desire to communicate. A mother will often sense that her child is in danger. This is due to the child desperately wanting his/her mother, knowing that this is the person who would always want to be there for them, and the mothers deep desire to protect her child from harm. 1. When does telepathy occur? A. It occurs when one senses that a close friend of his/her is in danger. B. It occurs when one has very good five senses. C. It occurs when one wants to call his/her best friend. D. It occurs when one doesnt know a stranger. 答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。由第一段第一、二句话 “Telepathy is the ability to communicate without the use of the five senses.Its an instinct which can be woken up in times of emergency or need.” 可知，心灵感应不依靠五官感觉，而是在紧急关头或者有需要的时候，这种潜能才能被激发出来。故A选项正确。2. Which of the following can be used as the title of the passage? A. Receiving TelepathyB. Telepathy: Mind-to Mind Contact C. Telepathy: Peoples Dream D. Dream of Telepathy答案解析：答案为B。本题考查文章的标题。全文都是围绕心灵感应而展开，故答案为B。3. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The more people separate, the more likely that telepathy will occur. B. It is by using the five senses that telepathy occurs. C. Telepahy happens when people live far away and have no chance to see one another. D. One is better at sending than receiving telepathy if one receives a friends call as one wishes.答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。由第二段 “If you think of a person, and they call you, you are most likely better at sending.” 可知，如果你正在想着某人，然后他就给你打电话了，那么你可能更擅长于发送感应，D选项意思与文章符合。 故答案为D。由最后一段 “The more people spend time together, the more likely they are to be able to link up to the others mind, especially when separated.” 可知，人们在一起相处的时间越长，他们的心灵相互间就越有可能产生共鸣，尤其是当分开的时候，故A、C选项错误，结合第一题分析知B选项同样错误。4. Which of the following belongs to telepathy? A. By accident, you are aware of a friend of yours is coming to see you. B. Peoples communication over the telephone. C. A mothers sense of her child is in danger. D. A couples long separation.答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由最后一段 “ A mother will often sense that her child is in danger.”可知，C选项正确。结合前面几题的分析可知，A、D不正确，B选项与文章毫不相干。阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Education has an important effect on the mind or physical ability of an individual. It is the process by which society passes its accumulated knowledge, skills, and values from one generation to another.Various non- traditional education options are now available and continue to flourish（繁荣）. One of the most important uses in education is the use of technology. Teachers are encouraged to use new technological devices in order to strengthen learning among students and meet the needs of various types of learners.The right to education has been created and recognized by jurisdiction（司法）. Education is the most important concern of the government of India. Recently India has gained world recognition because many students from foreign countries come here to gain higher qualifications. One has to be educated in order to speed up the growth process in order to influence the economy. Education is indeed a powerful weapon to stop the cut- throat competition that man faces at every period of life. The importance of education in India is progressing with time. Although India has been a great foundation of learning for many years, it still needs to improve not just on the quality of education but also on the number of people being educated.Education is not just for academic success bu