冠词、名词、数词、解及训练.docVIP

中考专项训练冠词（中考一般考查在单选第一个题）一.概念冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义. 冠词可分为：定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.二.相关知识点精讲-不定冠词：a和ana用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如：a book; an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an apple, an hour. 1. a/an 用于单数可数名词前。a book a boy a man a bird a dog an hour 2.表示类别：这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类，或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件，或者指某一种类的人或物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。例如：That is a pen, not a pencil.那是钢笔而不是铅笔。（指属于某一种类）Give him a pear, please!请给他一个梨。（指某一种类中的任何一个）Listen! A boy is singing in the classroom.3. 和 one 的区别：a/an 表示类别、种类 One 强调数量 a bus （表示是一辆公交车而不是一辆小汽车也不是火车）one bus (强调是一辆车 而不是两辆或三辆) There is a cat under the chair.椅子下面有一只猫。（强调种类）There is one cat under the chair.椅子下边有一只猫。（强调数量）4. 表示基本单位，作“每一”讲。例如：three times a day, 10 yuan a kilo six class a day thirty miles an hour等。定冠词：一： the 表示特指。 表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于同类中其他的人或事物，相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。the book in my bag the boy under the tree 二：可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。 the books the book the rice the bread the football 三：用法：1）定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”：表示某个或某些特定的人或物。Do you know the girl in a red skirt?你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？2）再次提到上文提到过的人或物，应该用定冠词the。例如：Tom has an apple, The apple is big and red.3）指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：Lets go and give it to the teacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。4）用于某些固定词组中。例如:in the morning / afternoon / evening 等。5）用在形容词前表示一类人。the old 老人 the young 年轻人the rich富裕的人 the poor_ 6）用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。例如：The Whites are spending their holiday in England.7）用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Place颐和园8）.用在序数词或形容词最高级前 The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class. 9）.世界上独一无二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙）the universe 宇宙 The sun rises in the east. 10）.在世纪，年代名词前用冠词。 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s 20世纪80年代 11）.在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。 the Changjang River 长江 12）.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair。13）.不能用定冠词the的几个方面： (1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, in August 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night.14）.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of 在前面, in the front of 在范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里。零冠词：一：所谓零冠词，即指不使用冠词的情况：二：用法：1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词 The desk is made of wood. 2）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England， China Mary Lilei Mr.Green 3）在星期、月份，季节等名词前；Sunday March summer winter 4）名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时(this， my，that， those， these， her)如：this morning my pen your watch whose bike 等5） 在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如：have breakfast play chess play basketball (注意 在乐器前必须加定冠词 如弹钢琴play the piano play the violin)6）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus by train by car by air （注意 如果用介词on 表示乘坐交通工具 必须用a 或an 来表示 如 in a bus on a bike 等）7）有些个体名词不用冠词；如：school，college， market，hospital，bed，等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；go to hospital去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)冠词训练： 1Does Jim have _ruler？ Yes，he has _ Aan；some Ba；one Ca； Dany；one 2There is _ old bike _old bike is Mr Zhaos Aan ；The Bthe；An Ca；The Dthe；The3 _apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay AThe BA CAn DTwo 4How many books do you have？ I have _ bookThats _ English book Aa；an Ba；one Cone；an Done；one 5At that time Tom was _one-year-old baby Aa Ban Cthe D 6 _tiger is _ China AThe；a BA；the CThe；from DThe；the 7We cant see _ sun at _ night Athe；the Bthe； Ca； D； 8 _useful book it is！ AWhat an BHow a CWhat a DWhat 9One afternoon he found _handbagThere was _“s”on the corner of _ handbag Aa；an；the Ba；a；the Can；an；an Dthe；a；a 10_old lady with white hair spoke _ English well at _meeting AAn；an；a BThe；an CThe；a DThe；the 11_Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world AA；a BThe；the CA；the DThe；a 12_new bridge has been built over Huangpu River AThe；a BA； CA；the DAn；the 13_woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school AA；an BThe；a CThe；the DA；the 14He used to be _teacher but later he turned _ writer Aa；a Ba；the C；a Da； 15They made him _ king Aa Bthe Can D 16His father is _ English teacherHe works in our school Aa Ban Cthe D 17Is he _ American boy ？ Aan Ba Cone D 18Does Tom often play _ football after _ school？ A； B；the Cthe； Da； 19They passed our school _ day before yesterday Aan Bone Ca Dthe 20Australia is _ English-speaking country Aa Ban Cthe D 数词： 表示数目的多少或顺序的多少数词包括基数词和序数词两大类。（其他百分数，小数，不列入考查范围）一、基数词 表示数目多少的数词1112的基数词是独立的单词，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten， ， 。 21319的基数词以-teen结尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18较特殊， 13 15 18 。 32090的整十位均以-ty结尾。如： sixty，seventy，但20，30，40，50，80，90较特殊， 20 30 40 50 80 90 。 4十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”，如：28twenty-eight，96ninety-six。 5百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and，如：148one hundred and forty-eight 406four hundred and six。 6hundred（百）， （千）， （百万），billion（十亿）等前面即使有具体的数词，也不能在它们的后面加s。如：600six hundred，8百万eight million。 71000以上的数字，从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“，”第一个逗号前为千（thousand），第二个逗号前为百万（million），第三个逗号前为billion（十亿）。英语中无“万”这个词，我们可以用“几十个千（thousand）”表示几万，“几百个千（thousand）”表示“几十万”。如：2，510two thousand five hundred and ten；8hundred，thousand，million用复数形式修饰名词时要用“of复数名词”，如：数以百计的年轻人hundreds of young people；数以千计的书thousands of books。注意：hundreds of thousands ofmillions of 复数名词，其前面不能加具体的数词，但可加several或 many。 9基数词单数名词形容词构成合成形容词。如：一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy； 10句型：主语is about（大约） over more than（超过）nearly（接近）具体数词metre（s）kilometre（s）kilo（s）long high tall deep away等。如：长江长6300公里。 The Changjiang River is 6，300 kilometres long 二、序数词 ： 表示顺序的数词1基数词变序数词可利用口诀巧记：“一、二、三，特殊记，八去“t”，九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，见“y”变成“i”和“e”，词尾加上“th”，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。”第一、第二、第三分别： ， ， ，eighteighth nine ，five ，twelve ，twenty ，fortyfortieth，twenty-five 。 2其余情况均在基数词后加th。如sixsixth, nineteennineteenth , hundred hundredth, thousandthousandth等。 三、数词的应用 1钟点的表示：小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。 “几点钟”用基数词加oclock。oclock可省略。如：现在是5点钟Its five（oclock）“几点过几分，30分钟”用介词past。如： 7：05five past seven；“差几分几点”用介词“to”。注意：整点加“1”且用 60减去目前的分钟数。如：7：40twenty to eight；日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。 2编号的表示：Lesson One the first lesson第一课；电话号码，用基数词，可单个读，重复的数字也可读“double”，如：3855633three eight five five（double five） six three three（double three）。 3年月日的表示：年份用基数词，先读前一位或两位，再读后两位。如：1999nine- teen ninety-nine；1900nineteen hundred；年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1998年6月8日写作：June 8，1998；读作：June the eighth， 4分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于“1”，分母则加“s”。如：13 one third，23two thirds；5倍数的表达：一倍用once，两倍用 ，两倍以上用基数词 。如：5倍 。6.序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如： The first truck is carrying a foot baskets7.序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如：Well have to do it a second time 8.由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是：one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth, eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth。9、序数词有时用缩写形式： first1st second2nd third3rd 四、特殊用法 1数词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如： Two months is quite a long timeFour and two is sixWhats two and three？ 2三年半three hours and a half 。 3不定冠词用在序数词前表又一、再一。如：Ive tried three times意为：我已经试过三次。 数词训练： 1. It is said that SARS has killed more than _ people worldwide. A. three hundreds B. three hundreds C. three hundreds D. three hundred 2. -How many workers are there in your factory?-There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of 3. -Which is the smallest number of the four?- _.A. Two-thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths 4. -What do you think of a war, Li Ming?-Ive no idea. But its a fact that _ people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq.A. three thousands B. thousand of C. thousands of D. several thousands 5. We all think that the _ century will bring us more hopes.A. twenty-first B. twentieth-first C. twenty-one D. twentieth-one 6. -Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?-Yes, it is _.A. 856620 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 58626 7. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _.A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949 C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922 8. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. This year my father is twice my age. How old am I? A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24 9. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 10. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _one. A. three B. third C. forth D. /( )81. There are _ people in my family. We live on the _ floor in a tall building. A. five, six B. fifth, sixth C. fifth, six D. five, sixth( )82. Boys and girls, we are going to learn _ today.A. Four Lesson B. the fourth lesson C. the Lesson Four D. the Four Lesson( )83. My lovely daughter is _.A. eight years old B. eight-year-old C. eight year old D. eight-years-old( )84. The flood happened _.A. in the summer of 1998 B. in the summer of 1998s C. in 1998 of the summer D. in 1998s of the summer( )85. February 28 should be read as _. A. February of the 28th B. February of 28 C. 28 of February D. the 28th of February ( )86. - How soon will you finish your work? - In about _. A. one and a half month B. one month and a half C. one and half a month D. a month and half ( )87. We will have a _ holiday. What about going to Suzhou? A. five days B. five day C. five-day D. five-days( )88. We are sure the _century will bring us more hopes. A. twentieth-first B. twentieth-one C. twenty-one D. twenty-first ( )89. - What is 1/2 and 1/3? - Its _. A. 2/5 B. 1/5 C. 5/6 D. 4/6( )90. At the age of _, he had his own lab. A. thirty B. thirtieth C. the thirtieth D. the thirty名词：可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类1.普通名词又可分为：(1)个体名词。如：cup，desk，student等。一般可数，有单复数形式。(2)集体名词。如：class，team，family等。一般可数，有单复数形式。(3)物质名词。如：rice，water，cotton等。 一般不可数，没有单复数之分。(4)抽象名词。如：love，work，life等。 一般不可数，没有单复数之分。2.专有名词：如：China，Newton，London, Lu xun 等。对名词部分的复习应注意：I.专有名词：表示人，地点，国家，城市，机构等的名词。任何时候都需要大写首字母。e.g. Karl Marx, Lu Xun, Thomas Edison, England, China, the Great Wall, Asia, the Yellow River, Monday, January, II. 普通名词：表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词：它又可分为：1.个体名词：(可数） 表示个体的人或一些事物的总称。e.g. student, engineer, inventor, pen, photo, computer, etc. 2. 集体名词(可数）表示一群人或一些事物的总称。e.g. class, family, group, army, team, police 3. 物质名词：(不可数）表示无法分为个体的事物的名称。e.g. wood, milk, butter, bread, tea, coal, rice, oil, fire, air4. 抽象名词（不可数）： 表示动作，状态，品质，感情等的抽象概念。e.g. health, love, progress, pleasure, friendship个体名词和集体名词可用数目来计算，属于可数名词物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算属于不可数名词。注意： 名词的分类并不是一成不变的。有些名词在一种场合下属于这一类，在另一种场合下又属于那一类，但意义又有所不同。e.g例如：物质名词 ：paper 纸，glass 玻璃 cloth 布 chicken 鸡肉个体名词：papers 报纸，试卷，论文，a glass/ glasses 玻璃杯/眼镜a cloth 桌布，麻布a chicken 一只鸡可数名词的特点：a.有单复数之分b. 能用a, an, c. 数词来修饰d. 复数名词作主语时， 谓语动词要用复数形式e. 可用few, a few, many, a great number of, both, neither, these, those, each, every, another, other, hundreds of, a great many, a group of等词语修饰III. 可数名词由单数变复数的基本构成规则：1. 大多数名词是在词尾加-s boys, toys, pens, books, mouths, months2. 以字母s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 构成复数。 matches, churches, boxes, classes, brushes matches 3. 以“o”结尾，有点加-es, 有的加-s potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, negroes, mangos, photos, 4. 辅音字母y结尾，去y，ies factories, countries, ladies 元音字母y结尾的，直接加-s: boys, toys, days 5. 以f, fe结尾，去f, fe, ves shelves, knives, scarves / scarfs, leaf leaves, life lives，wolf wolves （部分）6. 复合名词变复数时，有 以下几种情况：（1）如有主体名词则将主体名词变为复数：e.g.two girl students, fellow workers, two sons-in-law女婿 three sisters-in-law 嫂子（2）如找不到主体名词则在该词后加-s. 如：grown-ups 成年人 go-betweens 中间人（3）man或woman 构成的复合名词，两部分都变为复数。e.g. women doctors, men teachers 7. 不规则变化man men, woman women, policeman policemen, footfeet, tooth teeth, childchildren,mousemice, goose geese 鹅sheepsheep, deerdeer, Chinese Chinese, Japanese Japanese, Swiss Swiss ox oxen 公牛,fish, Germans, humans, walkmans, means means8. 双复数规则: (a pair of) trousers, glasses, scissors, jeans, pants, shoes, gloves, socks, etc.9. 形似单数，实为复数： people, police, cattle, crew10. 以s结尾，但仍然是单数：maths, politics, physics, news, the United States11. 以s结尾，单、复数同形： means 方法 works 工厂IV. 可与a, an 连用的不可数名词：当抽象名词演化成抽象概念，转化为某种似乎可以体念得到的行为、动作或类别时，可和a, an连用。e.g. have a good time, make an apology, have a talk (walk, swim, bath)V. 名词的数量表达：1.可数名词的数量表达：many, few, a few, a great number of, a lot of, some, enough, plenty of, one of, quite a few, several, too many, both, neither, all, 数词,hundreds of, thousands of, millions of2.不可数名词的数量表达：much, little, a little, some, a huge amount of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of, VI. 关于名词数的注意点：1.名词作定语通常用单数形式：a car factory, two color films, word order, a paper bag 但也有用复数的： sports news, sports shoes, sports programmes, sports meeting, students reading-room, 2. 复数名词前有一具体数词，一般被视为一个整体，作主语时，谓语用单数： e.g.These four years is very important for us. 3. 有些名词在某些习惯性用法中，要用复数形式：shake hands with sb. make friends with sb. VII. 名词的性：英语中的名词，多数是没有“性”区别的，但少数名词有阳性和阴性之分。 man- woman, girlboy,hero (男英雄） heroine (女英雄） actor -actress (女演员）VIII. 名词所有格1有生命的s Marys, fathers, the boys books, anybody elses advice, each others mistakes,2. 词尾是-s 或-es的复数名词，只加“ ”the teachers office, the workers tools，twenty minutes walk3. 词尾没有-s的复数名词则加“s”来表示。 Childrens Day, Womens Day, the peoples needs4. s 也可用于时间，距离，天体，国名，地名 a two-hour ride, in two weeks time, todays newspaper, two hours ride, 5.如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在最后一个名词的词尾加“s”.This is Lucy and Lilys bedroom.如果不共有，则两个名词后面都加“s”. These are Bills and Toms bikes.6. 名词所有格后面指地点（如表示店铺、人家时）的名词常常可以省略。 at the tailors (shop), at Mr Greens (home) go to the doctors (clinic), to my uncles (house)7. 非生命体的用of 短语表示所属关系：a leg of the table, the door of the classroom8.名词双重所有格: of + -s 一起修饰前面的名词，称为双重所有格。a friend of mine = one of my friendsa photo of Mr Crisp 一张Mr Crisp的照片 a photo of Mr Crisps 一张Mr Crisp所有照片中的一张照片请做题目时注意并划出句子中的“提示词语、提示句”( ) 1. She was very happy. She _ in the test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2. We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. tomatos( ) 3. _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/usedB. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4. What big_ the tiger has!A. toothB. teeth C. toothsD. toothes( ) 5. Please remember to give the horse some tree_A. leafsB. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some _? -Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C. apple D. pear ( ) 7. On the table there are five_A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato( ) 8. They got much _ from those new books.A. ideasB. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 9. He gave us_on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( ) 10.-Would you like _ tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( )11. He is hungry. Give him _ to eat. A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( ) 12. I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks( ) 13. Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 14. Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of( ) 15. John bought _for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes ( )16. -How many _ have you got on your farm? -Ive got five A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken( ) 17. Some _came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. GermenC. Germany D. Germanies( )18. In the picture there are many_ and two_. A. sheep; foxes B. sheeps; foxesC. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs ( )19. A group of_ will visit our school tomorrow. A. EnglishmanB. Australian C. Japanese D. American ( ) 20. This table is made of_ A. many glass B. glassesC. some glasses D. glass ( ) 21. How many_were there in the street when the accident happened? A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples ( ) 22. There are sixty-seven_ in our school. A. womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher ( ) 23. There are five _in our factory. A. woman driver B. women driver C. woman dri