动词时态教案[1]

动词时态教案1 教学内容动词时态教学重、难点1.动词的四种形式2.不规则动词表3.动词的八种时态的用法教学过程 一、动词的基本形式英语动词共有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。 1.动词的基本构成及形式形式构成例词动词原形词典中一般给出的形式be,have,e,do第三人称单数形式在动词原形后+s runruns,likelikes以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的动词后+es teachteaches,washwashes,gogoes,passpasses以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，改y为i再+es trytries,studystudies havehas现在分词在动词原形后+ing readreading以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再+ing writewriting,havehaving以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母后再+ing swimswimming,digdigging少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y再+ing diedying,lielying过去式与过去分词(规则变化)在动词原形后+ed workworked以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，改y为i再+ed carrycarried,studystudied以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母后再+ed stopstopped,planplanned说明词尾ed在清辅音后读/t/;在浊辅音和元音后读/d/;在/t/和/d/后读/d/.词尾es或s在/s/,/z/,/t/,/d/后读/z/;在清辅音后读/s/;在浊辅音及元音后读/z/;在/t/,/d/后读/ts/,/dz/.2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词1.AAA型cost costcost put putputcut cutcut readreadredreadredhit hithit set setsethurt hurt hurt shut shutshutlet letlet hurthurthurt2.AAB型beat beat beaten3.ABA型bee becamebee runran rune camee原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词4.ABB型 (1)原型后加d或t:burn burntburnt meanmeant meanthear heardheard spoilspoilt spoiltlearn learntlearnt (2)原型改d为t buildbuilt builtsend sentsent lendlent lentspend spentspent (3)其他bring broughtbrought meetmet metbuy boughtbought paypaid paidcatch caughtcaught saysaid saiddig dugdug sellsold soldfeel feltfelt shineshone(shined)shone(shined)fight foughtfought sitsat sat find foundfound sleepslept sleptget got got smellsmelt(smelled)smelt(smelled)hang hung(hanged)hung(hanged)spill spiltspilt have,has hadhad spitspat spathide hidhid(hidden)stand stoodstood holdheld heldsweep sweptswept keepkept keptteach taughttaught laylaid laidtell toldtold leave left leftthink thoughtthought loselost lostunderstand understoodunderstood makemade madewin wonwon5.ABC型 (1)原型后加n或en:blow blewblown mistakemistook mistakendraw drewdrawn riderode riddendrive drovedriven riserose riseneat ateeaten seesaw seenfall fellfallen showshowed shown原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词give gavegiven taketook takengrow grewgrown throwthrew thrownknow knewknown writewrote writen (2)过去式后加n或en breakbroke brokensink sunk(sank)sunken(sunk)choose chosechosen speakspoke spokenforget forgotforgotten wakewoke wokenfreeze frozefrozen (3)改i为a(过去式）和u（过去分词)begin beganbegun singsang sungdrink drankdrunk swimswam swumring rangrung (4)其他be(am,is)was beengo went gone be(are)were beenlie laylain dodid donewear woreworn flyflew flown 二、动词的时态在英语中,由于谓语动词发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化,这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态.英语共有16种时态,初中阶段学习9种.现以动词do为例,将这9种时态构成列表如下一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时dodoes现在进行时am/is/are doing现在完成时has/have done现在完成进行时has/have beendoing过去一般过去时did过去进行时was/were doing过去完成时had done(初三学)将来一般将来时am/is/are going to dowill/shall do过去将来过去将来时was/were going to dowould/should do1.一般现在时 (1)构成动词原形动词第三人称单数形式 (2)形式be动词肯定句主语am/is/are表语(n./pron./adj.)egI am/Im a student.You are/Youre a student.He is/Hes/She is/Shes a student.It is/Its an apple.We are/Were/You are/Youre/They are/Theyre students.They are/Theyre mine.It is/Its rainy.否定句主语am/is/arenot表语(n./pron./adj.)egI am not/Im not a student.You are not/Youre not/You arent astudent.He is not/Hes not/He isnt astudent.She is not/Shes not/She isntastudent.It is not/Its not/It isnt an apple.We are not/Were not/We arent students.They are not/Theyrenot/They arent students.They arenot/Theyrenot/They arent mine.It is not/Itsnot/It isnt rainy.疑问句Am/Is/Are主语表语(n./pron./adj.)egAm Iastudent?Are youastudent?Is he/she astudent?Is itanapple?Are we/you/they students?Are theyyours?Is it rainy?其它动词肯定句主语动词原形/第三人称单数形式(宾语)(状语)egI/You/We/You/They studyEnglish every day.He/She studiesEnglish every day.It rainsevery day.否定句主语dont/doesnt(第三人称单数)动词原形(宾语)(状语)egI/You/We/You/They dont studyEnglish everyday.He/She doesnt studyEnglish everyday.It doesnt rain everyday.疑问句Do/Does主语动词原形(宾语)(状语)egDo I/You/We/You/They studyEnglish everyday?Does he/she studyEnglish everyday?Does it raineveryday? (3)用法表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态egI go to schooleverydayexcept Sunday.除了星期日,我每天都上学。 (动作)There are50students inour class.我们班上有50名学生。 (状态)表示一种客观事实或普遍真理(注无论在什么情况下,都用一般现在时,包括在宾语从句中)egThe earthis round.地球是圆的。 The teachersaid thesun isbigger thanthe earth.老师说太阳比地球大。 表示主语的性格、能力、兴趣等心理状态和情感的动词,往往用一般现在时(了解)egShe likesbasketball games.她喜欢篮球比赛。 (兴趣)I wanta cupof tea.我想喝杯茶。 (心理状态)在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作,“主将从现”关键词if,when,as soon as等egAs soonas Iget there,Ill callyou up.我一到那就打电话给你。 I dont knowif he will etomorrow.If hees,I will tell you.我不知道明天他是否会来。 如果他来了，我会告诉你。 I dont knowwhen hewill etomorrow.When hees,I will tell you.我不知道明天他什么时候会来。 当他来的时候，我会告诉你。 (4)时间状语(标志)always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,on Sundays/Mondays/,every morning/afternoon/day/week/minute/second/Sunday/Monday练习1.My fatheris verybusy.He_(go)to workearly every morning.2.If he_harder,hewillcatch upwith(赶上)us soon.A.study B.studies C.will studyD.studied3.Mother toldme themoon_(go)around the earth.2.一般过去时 (1)构成动词的过去式 (2)形式be动词肯定句主语was/were表语egI/He/She/It wasthere.We/You/They werethere.否定句主语was/werenot表语egI/He/She/It wasnot there.We/You/They werenot there.疑问句Was/Were主语表语egWas I/he/she/it there?Were we/you/they there?其它动词肯定句主语动词的过去式(宾语)(状语)egI/You/He/She/We/You/They workedthere.It rainedyesterday.否定句主语did not/didnt动词原形(宾语)(状语)egI/You/He/She/We/You/They did not/didnt workthere.It did not/didnt rain yesterday.疑问句Did主语动词原形(宾语)(状语)egDid I/you/he/she/we/you/they workthere?Did itrainyesterday? (3)用法表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态egHe wentto Beijingyesterday morning.他昨天早上去北京了。 (动作)There were1000students inour schoollast year.我们学校去年有1000名学生。 (状态)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作egMary gotup toolate,and didnt haveenough timefor breakfast.玛丽起得太迟了,都没有足够的时间吃早饭。 有些表示主语心理状态的词,用一般过去时时,要注意其含义(了解)egI didnt knowyou werein Paris.我本不知道你在巴黎。 (因为我在说话时,已经知道你在巴黎了.这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示.实际上这句话暗指But nowI knowyou arein Paris.)egI thought you wereill.我还以为你病了呢。 (但现在我知道你没病) (4)时间状语yesterday,the daybefore yesterday,ago,just now,the otherday(前几天),once upona time(从前),in theold days(在过去的日子里),in1980,when I was seven,Last night/week/year/Sunday/Monday,练习1.Jack_(begin)to writea bookabout hisjourney last week.2.On April18thxx,our country_two man-made satellites(人造卫星)into space.A.was sent up(发射)B.sentupC.has sentup D.sends up3.It_that theyhad nochange at the moment.A.seemed B.was seemedC.seem D.is seemed3.现在进行时 (1)构成am/is/are动词的现在分词(doing形式) (2)形式肯定句主语am/is/are现在分词(宾语)(状语)egI am/Im working now.You are/Youre working now.He/She isworking now.It is raining now.We/You/They areworking now.(缩写形式略,以下同)否定句主语am/is/arenot现在分词(宾语)(状语)egIm not working now.Yourenot working now.He/She isnotworkingnow.It isnot raining now.We/You/They arenotworkingnow.疑问句Am/Is/Are主语现在分词(宾语)(状语)egAm Iworkingnow?Are youworkingnow?Is he/she workingnow?Is itrainingnow?Are we/you/they workingnow? (3)用法表示此时此刻(说话时)正在进行的动作egWho isthe teacherwaiting for?老师在等谁？The teacheris waitingfor herhusband.老师在等她丈夫。 表示在现阶段正在进行的动作,但不一定说话时动作正在进行egWere getting ready forthe examthese days.这些天我们在为考试做准备。 egI amreading Englishat homefrom fiveto sixevery morning.我每天早晨5点到6点在家里读英语。 有些表示位置移动的动词的现在进行时,表示将来即将发生的动作。 如go,e,leave,arrive,start,begin,move,stay,die等egHe ising.他就要来了。 We are going toQingdao next week.下星期我们要去青岛。 “am/is/arealways+现在分词”结构,表示经常性或习惯性的动作,带有强烈的感情色彩,或赞扬、喜爱,或讨厌、厌烦。 (初三学)egYoure alwaysgettingreadyfor helpingothers.你总是时刻准备着帮助别人。 (赞扬)She is always eatingin class.他总是在班上吃东西。 (厌烦) (4)时间状语now,at themoment,at this time,Look!,Listen!,多数情况要根据上下文确定egWhere ismy father?He iscleaning thecar.练习1.Look!The men_(dance)with theirwives.2.I cantfindmy pen.Can Iuse yours?Sorry,I_it now.A.am usingB.was usingC.have usedD.using3.Next termMr.Li_(leave)for Shanghai.4.过去进行时 (1)构成was/were动词的现在分词(doing形式) (2)形式肯定句主语was/were现在分词(宾语)(状语)egI/He/She waswriting a letter at home at seven yesterday evening.You/We/You/They werehaving an English class at this time of yesterday.It wasraining at this time of yesterday.否定句主语was/werenot现在分词(宾语)(状语)egI/He/She wasnot writinga letterat homeat sevenyesterday evening.You/We/You/They werenot havingan Englishclass at this time of yesterday.It wasnot raining atthis timeof yesterday.疑问句Was/Were主语现在分词(宾语)(状语)egWas I/he/she writinga letterathomeatsevenyesterday evening?Were you/we/you/they havinganEnglishclass atthistimeofyesterday?Was itrainingatthistimeofyesterday? (3)用法表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作。 egThey wereplaying basketballat fouroclock yesterdayafternoon.昨天下午四点他们在打篮球。 (某个时刻)We wereworking fromseven toeleven last night.我们昨天晚上从七点工作到十一点。 (一段时间)It wasraining allday yesterday.昨天下了以整天雨。 (一段时间)when/while引导的时间状语从句也可以表示一个动作发生的时候，另一个动作正在发生。 (注此时,习惯上,while后接过去进行时,when后接一般过去时)egHe waswatching TVwhen I came homeyesterdayevening.昨天晚上我回家时,他在家里看电视。 egWhile wewere talking,the teachercame in.我们谈话时,老师进来了。 (4)时间状语then,at thattime/moment,atthistimeofyesterday,at7:00yesterday,when,while,the wholeafternoon yesterday,多数情况要根据上下文确定练习1.I didnt seeyou at the meetingyesterday,why?I_for a long distance(距离)call thenfrom mydaughter inCanada.A.waited B.have waitedC.was waitingD.will wait2.John fellasleep_he waslistening tothe music.A.after B.before C.while D.as soonas3.I_(watch)a footballmatch fromsix toeight yesterday.5.一般将来时 (1)构成will/shall动词原形am/is/are going to动词原形 (2)形式will/shall形式肯定句主语will/shall动词原形(宾语)(状语)egI shall/I will/Ill/We shall/We will/Well go there.You will/Youll/He will/Hell/She will/Shell/You will/Youll/They will/Theyll go there.It will/Itll rain tomorrow.否定句主语will/shallnot动词原形(宾语)(状语)注意缩写形式egI shall not/I shant/I will not/Ill not/I wont gothere.We shall not/We shant/We will not/Well not/We wont gothere.You willnot/Youllnot/You wont gothere.He willnot/Hellnot/He wont/She willnot/Shellnot/She wont gothere.It willnot/Itllnot/It wontrain tomorrow.疑问句Will/Shall主语动词原形(宾语)(状语)egShall/Will I/we gothere?Will you/he/she/you/they gothere?Will itrain tomorrow?am/is/are going to形式与现在进行时类似肯定句主语am/is/are going to动词原形(宾语)(状语)egI am/Im going to learn English next term.You are/Youregoing to learn English next term.He/She is going to learn English next term.It isgoing to rain.We/You/They are going to learn English next term.(缩写形式略,以下同)否定句主语am/is/arenotgoing to动词原形(宾语)(状语)egImnot going to learn English next term.You arent going to learn English next term.He/She isnot going to learn English next term.It isnot going to rain.We/You/They arenot going to learnEnglish nextterm.疑问句Am/Is/Are主语going to动词原形(宾语)(状语)egAm Igoingto learnEnglish nextterm?Are yougoingto learnEnglishnextterm?Is he/she goingto learnEnglishnextterm?Is it goingto rain?Are we/you/they goingtolearnEnglishnextterm? (3)用法表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。 egIll goand seeher onFriday.我星期五去看他(动作)Ill be back at7:30this evening.我今晚七点半回来。 (状态)表示将来经常发生的动作。 egFrom nowon Ill get up earlyeverymorning.从今以后,我每天早晨早起。 “am/is/are goingto”结构,表示打算好一定要做的事或根据迹象或预报肯定要发生的事。 egHe isgoingtobe eighteenyears oldnext year.他明年十八岁。 egLook at the clouds!Itsgoingtorain.看那些云!就要下雨了。 (迹象)注意将来时态中的there be句型,形要用动词原形be.egThere willbe morepeople in the future.将来回会有更多的人。 egThere wontbe a dancethis weekend.本周末没有舞会。 egThere isgoingtobe lesspollution in100years.一百年后会有更少的污染。 (4)时间状语tomorrow,the dayafter tomorrow,in时间段,in thefuture,soon,this morning/afternoon/Sunday/Monday,if/when heesnextweek/year/minute/second/Sunday/Monday,练习1.Jimmy isleaving for a holiday.Really?Where_he_?A.has;gone B.will;go C.did;go D.does;go2.Whats yourplan forthe ingholiday?I_(visit)Beijing ifpossible.3._there_a report(报告)by anold teacherthis afternoon?A.Will;have B.Will;be C.Is;have D.Is;be6.过去将来时 (1)构成would/should动词原形was/were goingto动词原形 (2)形式would/should形式肯定句主语would/should动词原形(宾语)(状语)egHe saidI would/I should/we should/we wouldgothere.He saidyou/he/she/you/they wouldgothere.He saidit wouldraintomorrow.否定句主语would/shouldnot动词原形(宾语)(状语)注意缩写形式egHe saidI should not/I shouldnt/I would not/Id not/I wouldntgothere.He saidwe should not/we shouldnt/we wouldnot/wednot/we wouldntgothere.He saidyou wouldnot/youdnot/you wouldntgothere.He saidhe wouldnot/hednot/he wouldnt/she wouldnot/shednot/she wouldntgothere.He saidit wouldnot/itdnot/it wouldntraintomorrow.疑问句would/should主语动词原形(宾语)(状语)egWould/Should lI/we gothere?Would you/he/she/you/they gothere?Would itraintomorrow?was/were goingto形式与现在进行时类似肯定句主语am/is/aregoingto动词原形(宾语)(状语)egHe saidI/he/she was goingtolearnEnglish the nextterm.He saidyou/we/you/they weregoingtolearnEnglish the nextterm.He saidit wasgoingtorain.否定句主语am/is/arenotgoingto动词原形(宾语)(状语)egHe saidI/he/she wasnot/wasnt goingtolearnEnglishthe nextterm.He saidyou/we/you/they werenot/werent goingtolearnEnglishthenextterm.He saidit wasnot goingtorain.疑问句Was/Were主语goingto动词原形(宾语)(状语)egWas I/he/she goingtolearnEnglishnextterm?Were you/we/you/they goingtolearnEnglishnextterm?Was itgoingtorain? (3)用法表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情,即当时还没有发生,而现在又过去了的事情。 常出现在宾语从句中。 egThey saidthey wouldgo tovisit the second factory.他们说他们将要去参观第二工厂。 egHe said that hewasgoingto try.他说他准备试试。 注“would/should动词原形”结构有时并不表示过去将来时,而表示“情态动词动词原形”。 egWould youplease openthe window?请把窗子打开好吗？(表示一种客气的请求)I shouldstudy harder.我应该更努力学习。 (should表示“应该”) (4)时间状语因为常出现在宾语从句中,所以没有特定的时间状语,可以结合一般将来时来分析练习1.My classmatessaidthatthey_(give)their helpto meif Ihad difficulties.2.He_me he_an interestingbook tomorrow.A.tellwould borrowB.toldwould borrowC.tellwill borrowD.toldhad borrowed3.Grandma saidshe wouldtell mea storywhen she_.A.has timeB.had timeC.would havetime D.would hastime7.现在完成时 (1)构成have/has动词的过去分词 (2)形式肯定句主语have/has过去分词(宾语)(状语)egI have/Ive/You have/Youve/We have/Weve/You have/Youve/They have/Theyve doneit.He has/Hes/She has/Shes doneit.It has/Its been a long time since I met you.注区别hes=he has和hes=he is,如果hes后是动词的过去分词,则hes=he has.egIts been raining fora long time.=It has beenrainingforalong time.Its anapple.=It is anapple.否定句主语have/hasnot过去分词(宾语)(状语)egI have not/Ive not/I havent doneit.You have not/Youve not/You havent doneit.We havenot/Wevenot/We havent doneit.They havenot/Theyvenot/They havent doneit.He hasnot/Hesnot/He hasnt/She hasnot/Shesnot/She hasnt doneit.It hasnot/Itsnot/It hasnt beenalong time since I metyou.疑问句Have/Has主语过去分词(宾语)(状语)egHave I/you/we/you/they doneit?Has he/she doneit?Has itbeenalongtimesinceImetyou? (3)用法表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,对现在仍有影响。 egShe has been illfor three days.她已经病了3天了。 (影响她现在身体很不好)He hasstudied Englishfor three years.他已经学了3年英语了。 (影响他现在会一点英语)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在并还可能继续下去的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。 (注此时的谓语动词多是延续性动词)egIve knownLi Leifor threeyears.我认识李雷三年了。 egThey havelived there since1996.自1996年以来他们就住在这了。 egWeve knowneach othersince wewere children.我们从小就认识。 注注for一段时间；since一段时间ago过去的时间点从句从句的谓语动词用一般过去时对对for/since短语提问,要用how longegShesbeen there forover two years.How longhas shebeen there?Shesbeenthere sinceover twoyears ago.How longhas shebeenthere?表示曾经经历的事情或表示同一动作发生了多次。 egShe hasnever been to Egyptbefore.以前我从没去过埃及。 I have been toBeijing twice/three times.我去过北京两次/三次。 终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词)如begin,start,die,buy,leave,e等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间的状语，for+时间段,since+时间点/从句连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。 egIveleftShanghai forthree days.()Ivebeenaway fromShanghai forthreedays.().egI leftShanghai threedays ago.()egIt has been threedays sinceI leftShanghai.()终止性动词要表示持续时，可用以下方法 (1)将时间状语改为时间段ago，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。 eg.My brotherjoined thearmy twoyears ago.我弟弟参军两年了。 (2)若保留for+时间段，since+时间点/从句，或用在how long句型中，则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。 常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下终止性动词延续性动词终止性动词延续性动词终止性动词延续性动词borrow/lend keep/have finish/end beover open/close beopen/closedbuy havebegin/start beon diebe deadlose belost beebe puton wearfall asleepbe asleepfall illbe illget toknow knowgetup/out beup/out catch/get a cold haveacoldbegin tostudy study终止性动词延续性动词终止性动词延续性动词leave be away(from)/go to school be in school/be outof be astudent终止性动词延续性动词终止性动词延续性动词join be in/beamember receive/get aletter havealetterjoin thearmy bein thearmy/beasoldier join the Partybein the PartybeaParty memberreturn/e back/get backbebackarrive/e/go/move/reach/get tobein/at/be here/be therehave/has beento某地到过某地,说明去过,而且说话时已经回来了,常once,twice,ever,never等连用。 have/has gone to某地说明去某地,说话时还没有回来。 have/has been in/at某地表示逗留在某地已经一段时间,常和for ten days,sinceI came here等连用egShe has beentoShanghai twice.(表示目前人在这里)egShe has gooShanghai.(表示现在她人不在这里)egShe hasbeeninShanghai for tendays. (4)时间状语already(肯定句),yet(否定或疑问句),still,just,ever,never,since,for,before,so far,lately,recently,inthepast/last threeyears,once/twice,练习1.Itsalongtimesince we_(meet)last,hasnt it?2.My father_home fornearly threeweeks.A.hasgoneaway fromB.has leftC.hasbeenaway fromD.went away3.Xu Ping_to Japanonly once.A.went B.had goneC.was D.hasbeen8.现在完成进行时(了解) (1)构成have/has+been现在分词(doing形式) (2)形式肯定句主语have/hasbeen现在分词(宾语)(状语)egI havebeen working for ten hours.否定句主语have/hasnotbeen现在分词(宾语)(状语)egI havenot been workingfortenhours.疑问句Have/Has主语been现在分词(宾语)(状语)egHas hebeenworkingfortenhours?注实际上现在完成进行时基本上没有否定结构 (3)用法基本与现在完成时相同,不同的是现在完成进行时强调动作的重复和动作的持续,而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。 egHave youbeen meetinghim recently?你最近常和他见面吗？Have youmet himrecently?你最近见到过他吗？另外现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。 egWho hasbeen eatingthe oranges?谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？(还剩余一些)Who haseaten theoranges?谁把桔