初中英语语法专题--副词

1 初中英语语法专题初中英语语法专题 副词副词 一 副词定义 一 副词定义 1 用来说明事情或动作发生的时间 地点 原因 方式等含义的词 2 用来说明其它形容词或副词程度的词 二 副词的分类二 副词的分类 副词按词汇意义和句法功能可分为时间副词 地点副词 频度副词 程度副词 方式副词 疑问副词 连接副词 关系副词等 初中主要学习和掌握频度副词 方式副词 时间副词 地点副词即可 考点一考点一 副词的分类与位置副词的分类与位置 1 表频率的副词 常见的频率副词有 常见的频率副词有 always often usually sometimes never ever hardly seldom 它们一般在行为动词之 前 系动词 情态动词和助动词之后 He always goes to school on foot She has never been to Beijing She is often late for work 2 表示方式的副词 与方式相关的副词 如 safely quietly quickly politely loudly luckily happily easily carefully slowly suddenly 以及 fast late hard early 等 此类副词位于动词之后 如果是及物动词一般位于宾语之后 The children are dancing happily They work hard The students did their homework carefully 3 程度副词 与程度相关的副词有 very much only quite as too too for too to do well almost even a little enough rather a lot so such badly nearly further really widely hardly a bit 等 它们一般位于被修饰的词前面 但 enough 要放在被修饰的词后面 I can hardly know her name The cake is so delicious He was badly hurt 2 He worked hard enough 4 表时间 地点 方向的副词 1 与时间相关的副词有 ago already before early long late just now once soon since today tomorrow tonight yesterday yet 等 它们通常位于句末 有些也可位于句中如 already 等 They ll come back soon They have finished the work already They have already finished the work 2 与地点 方向相关的副词经常位于动词之后与动词搭配构成短语动词 outside inside upstair here there home near come back turn left go out 三 副词的考点三 副词的考点 考点考点 1 副词的用法和位置 副词的用法和位置 1 修饰动词作状语 位于动词后 He walked quietly into his bedroom It is raining hard 2 修饰形容词作状语 位于形容词前 You have a very nice watch The machine is too heavy 3 修饰另一副词作状语 位于另一副词前 You walked too slowly I couldn t wait for you 4 有时候也修饰整个句子 Unfortunately he was out 考点考点 2 副词的构成 副词的构成 1 多数形容词 ly 变成副词 大多数副词以 ly 结尾 recent recently sad sadly slow slowly clear clearly final finally real really kind kindly careful carefully Silent silently peaceful peacefully Safe safely 2 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词需改 y 为 i 加 ly 变成副词 happy happily heavy heavily easy easily lucky luckily angry angrily 3 形容词不去 e 加 ly 变来的副词 polite politely wide widely Safe safely extreme extremely 4 形容词需去 e 加 ly 变来的副词 3 True Truly gentle gently comfortable comfortably possible possibly simple simply terrible terribly 特殊 good 形容词 well 副词 好地 well adj 身体健康的 考点考点 3 副词的比较等级 副词的比较等级 副词的比较等级构成副词的比较等级构成 1 规则变化 类别构成方法原级比较级最高级 一般在词尾加 er 或 esthardharderhardest 以 e 结尾的只加 r 或 stwidewiderwidest 单音节词 一辅音字母加 y 结尾的 先变 y 为 i 再加 er 或 est early earlier earliest 多音节词 和部分双 音节词 加 more mostcarefully usefullymore carefully more usefully most carefully most usefully 注意 形容词最高级前必须加定冠词注意 形容词最高级前必须加定冠词 the 但是副词最高级前则可要可不要 但是副词最高级前则可要可不要 2 不规则变化 原级比较级最高级 wellbetterbest badlyworseworst muchmoremost littlelessleast farfarther 较远 further 进一步 farthest 最远 furthest 最大程度 3 副词比较等级的用法副词比较等级的用法 1 not as so 副词原级 as 这一结构表示两者相似或前者不如后者 例如 You don t get up so as early as I 你没我起得早 2 as 副词原级 as possible one can 这一结构表示尽可能地做某事 例如 Please get here as soon as possible you can 请尽快赶到这儿来 3 副词比较级 than 这一结构表示比对方强 例如 4 Mike works more carefully than Jack 迈克工作比杰克细心 4 副词比较级 and 同一 副词比较级 表示越来越 例如 He ran faster and faster 他跑得越来越快 5 the 副词比较级 the 副词比较级 这一结构表示 越 就越 例如 The better I knew him the more I like him 我越了解他 就越喜欢他 6 副词最高级 比较范围 这一结构中 比较范围常为含有介词 in of 或 among 的短语 例如 He studies the hardest among the boys 在那群男生里 他学习最用功 考点考点 4 易错知识点辨析 易错知识点辨析 1 兼有两种形式的副词 1 close 与 closely close 意思是 近 closely 意思是 仔细地 He is sitting close to me Watch him closely 2 late 与 lately late 意思是 晚 lately 意思是 最近 You have come too late What have you been doing lately 3 deep 与 deeply deep 意思是 深 表示空间深度 deeply 时常表示感情上的深度 深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud Even father was deeply moved by the film 4 high 与 highly high 表示空间高度 highly 表示程度 相当于 much The plane was flying high I think highly of your opinion 5 wide 与 widely wide 表示空间宽度 widely 意思是 广泛地 在许多地方 He opened the door wide English is widely used in the world 6 free 与 freely free 的意思是 免费 freely 的意思是 无限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like You may speak freely say what you like 2 几组易混副词几组易混副词 1 hard 和 hardly 的区别 一 hard 可用作形容词或副词 5 1 当 hard 用作形容词时 意为 困难的 坚固的 努力的 等 例如 It s hard for old people to change their ways Steel is harder than wood 2 当 hard 用作副词时 意为 努力的 困难的 猛烈地 等 例如 Does Tom work hard at his lessons It s raining hard outside now Don t go out 二 hardly 只能用作副词 意为 几乎没有 几乎不 例如 I can hardly see anything on the blackboard My father hardly ever watches TV 2 much too 和 too much 区别 一 too much 中心词是 much 1 相当于形容词 意为 more than enough 用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语 如 Americans eat too much meat in my opinion I drank too much cola last night The work is too much for her She s afraid the trip will be too much for me 2 相当于名词 在句子中作主语或宾语 如 Too much was happening all at once You have given me too much 3 相当于副词 在句子中作状语 如 You work too much She talks too much 二 much too 中心词为 too much too 的用法比较简单 只用作副词作状语 但它不单独使用 在句子中要修饰形容词或副词 但 不修饰动词 如 You are much too kind to me It s much too cold You are driving much too fast 练习 1 we should not eat junk food A too much B much too C too many D much too 2 it s hot in august in Nanjing A many too B much too C very too D to much 3 We don t have time to work every year A much too B so many C too much D too many 答案答案 1 3 ABC 四 also too as well either neither 意思 区别 Also 表示 也 是比较正式的用词 also 一般用于句子中 其位置在行为动词之前 动词 to be 之后 如有助动词或情态动词 一般应在助动词或情态动词后 为了强调 也可放在前面 6 too 是普通用词 口语中用的多 too 常置于句末 前面可用逗号 如置于句中 其前后均有逗号 注意 also too 只能用于肯定句 either 用于否定句中 表示前者不 后者也不 其位置一般放在句尾 Neither 表示 两者都不 I also went You are also wrong He is a singer too He too is a singer He didn t go there I didn t either In neither case can I agree Neither of them wants to stop for a rest 3 as well as 表示 不但 而且 既是 也是 而且 还 如 He grows flowers as well as vegetables 他既种菜也种花 She shares in my troubles as well as my joys 她与我同甘共苦 They have a flat in town as well as a place in the country 他们在城里有一套公寓 在乡村还有一所房子 注 有时还可译为 除 之外 还 与 besides in addition to 的用法相似 如 As well as learning to swim he has been taking Spanish lessons this summer 今年夏天 他除了学习游泳外 他还在上西班牙语课 弄清强调重点弄清强调重点 A as well as B 这一结构强调的重点是 A 不是 B 即 A as well as B not only B but also A 注意体会以下例句的译文 She is clever as well as beautiful 她不但漂亮 而且聪明 He speaks Spanish as well as English and French 他不仅会说英语和法语 而且会说西班牙语 Actors have to learn their cues as well as their own lines 演员不仅要记住台词 还要记住其他演员的暗示 五 already yet still 的区别 1 already 是 已经 用在肯定句中 用在完成时中比较多 比如 I ve already been to London 2 yet 是 还 用于否定句 如 I haven t gone there yet 此外 yet 还有 但是 的意思 有时可以和 but 互换 比如 The authorities claim that the situation in the area has been under control yet the fact is not the case 当局声称此地区局势已得到控制 但事实并不是那么回事 7 3 still 是 仍然 如 He should have been killed in the accident but he is still alive 他本应在事故中丧生 但 他活着 六 ometimes sometime some times some time sometimes 有时 用于一般现在时 sometime 在将来某时 用于将来时 some times 数次 表示次数 some time 一些时间 表示一段时间 e g Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains I will stay here some time I will meet your father sometime 题型 1 选词填空 一 luckily lucky unlucky unluckily 1 That was an boy he lost his parents in the earthquake 2 It rained hard the children took umbrellas with them so they didn t get wet 3 He is to pass the exam 4 A terrible car accident happened to him he didn t lose hos life 二 easy easily easier more easily 1 If you have more knowledge you can deal with the problems 2 The question looks I m sure I can work out it by myself 3 In generally it is to say than to do 三 success successful successfully succeed 1 Don t worry I heard that the airplane has landed at the airport 2 If you become people will watch you all the time 3 If you try your best you will 4 Attitude is everything Details 细节 decide 四 happy happily happier more happily 1 Because of having parents love I can grow up 2 Look The children are playing over there 3 The busier he is the he feel 五 safe safely safety 1 School is the serious problem 2 Please drive more slowly is the first 8 3 Although we were in trouble we got there 4 To be is important to everyone 六 careful carefullly 1 Liu Ming is a girl She does everything 2 Please be There is too much triffic on the road 3 You didn t write enough I can t see clearly 题型 2 单选题 1 Do you think yesterday s math problem was difficult Yes I could work it out A hardly B easily C finally D nearly 2 Don t worry My mother will look after your baby Thanks a lot A careful enough B enough careful C carefully enough 3 The Internet is very useful for us We can find information A easy B easily C hard D hardly 4 As we all know smoking is bad for us for children A especially B recently C probably D nearly 5 Sometimes it rains in Xi an in summer A heavyB heavilyC strongD strongly 6 He doesn t play the violin so as his father A good B better C well D best 7 She sang a song I believe I can fly in Yangzhou English Contest I have never heard a voice than that before A good B well C better D Best 8 She likes reading and A so I do B I do so C I like so D so do I 9 I won t go to the Great Wall tomorrow I won t A neither B either C too D also 10 He is tired that he can t go any farther A so B such C very D too When you do eye exercise you must keep your eyes A close B closes C closing D closed 11 It s a windy day You d better the windows A close B closed C closing D to close 12 Bruce often his left hand A keep close B keeps closed 9 C keep closed D keeps close 13 It is very hot Please keep the door A open B opening C opens D opened 14 The city is than the town away from the river A far B farther C further D much far 15 Do you need explanation to the question A more far B any further C farther D any far 中考链接中考链接 1 2010 兰州 Where would you like to go on your summer holiday Mike I d like to go A nowhere interesting B interesting anywhere C somewhere interesting D interesting somewhere 2 2010 衡阳 The more people drive the traffic accidents there will be A careful less B carefully fewer C Careful fewer 3 2010 合肥合肥 Did you find the small village yesterday Yes without any difficulty for it has changed over years A hardly B greatly C clearly D nearly 4 2011 苏州 If you don t work enough I don t think your dream will come A hardly truly B hardly true C hard true D hard truly 5 2011 兰州 He said he would come to see us the next afternoon A sometime B some time C sometimes D some times 6 2011 芜湖 Jack is good at drawing I think no one draws A better B best C worse D worst 7 2011 杭州 It s too late to invite any more people you know how Tim hates parties A Besides B However C Still D Instead 8 2011 滨州 Do you often go to the gym No I don t like sports at all A always B never C sometimes D usually 9 2011 黄冈 Did Kate do best in the finally exam No but of all the students she did A the most careful B more careful C most carefully D more carefully 10 10 2011 太原 The bag that my grandpa made for me gets out of style but it is still best thing in my mind A usually B normally C gradually 11 2011 广州 Steve is good at writing short stories So he is But he writes than us So he can t get good grades in writing A most carefully B more carefully C less carefully D least carefully 12 2012 佛山 Did you go to the cinema to see 3D Titanic last night No I go to the cinema The tickets are too expensive A hardly B nearly C still D only 13 2012 无锡 Man s understanding of natur