Book6_U1_重点词汇讲解.doc

U1 重点词汇讲解1. A stand-up comedian may make fun of an audience member, or he or she might decide to tell different jokes in response to the reactions of an audience.单口喜剧演员可能就某一观众开玩笑，或是根据观众的反应将不同的笑话。（1） make fun of 开的玩笑，嘲笑 意思相当于laugh at Dont make fun of people with disabilities. 不要嘲笑残疾人。 【相关拓展】注意fun 是不可数名词，与fun有关的短语或句型有：have fun =have a good time 玩得开心It is fun to do sth. 做某事有趣What fun it is to do sth！ 做某事多有趣啊！（2）response n. 回答，答复；反应，反响 in response to 对做出反应 I knocked on the door but there was no response. 我敲了门，可是没有回应。 The product was developed in response to customer demand. 为了满足顾客的需要，开发了这种产品。 【相关拓展】 respond v. 回答，应答；反应（与to 连用） He never responded to my letter. 他从来没回过我的信。 How did he respond to the news? 他对这则消息有什么反应？ You can rely on him to respond to a challenge. 你可以相信他知道如何迎接挑战。 responsible adj. 负责的 be responsible for sth. 对负责，是原因 Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer. 因患肺癌而死亡者，约90%是吸烟所致。2. People around the world enjoy watching him when he hosts the Academy Awards.全世界的人们都喜欢看他主持奥斯卡颁奖庆典。award (1) n. 奖；奖品；奖金；奖状He won an award for his good performance. 他因表演得好而获奖。People like to attend the award ceremony hosted by him. 人们喜欢参加他主持的颁奖仪式。(2) v. 授予；奖励He was awarded the first prize. 他获得了一等奖。The gold medal was awarded to Mr. Brown for his excellent performance. 布朗先生因其优异的表现而获得了金牌。 【辨析】 award / prize/ reward(1) award 意为“奖，奖品”， 指对于优异成绩或卓越贡献经过评定后正式授予的奖励，可以是精神的，也可以是物质的，常用于奖项名称。(2) prize意为“奖赏，奖品”，多指确认某人在竞赛中获得的优异成绩并给予特殊的奖励。(3) reward意为“报答，酬劳”，并不指某种荣誉，而指应得的报酬；也可以做动词表示“给人以报酬、奖赏”。He was nominated for the best actor award. 他获得最佳男演员奖提名。He won first prize in the English Speech Competition. 他在英语演讲比赛中获一等奖。He was rewarded for finding the lost dog. 他因找到那只丢失的狗而获得报酬。Winning the match was just reward for the effort the team had made.赢得比赛的胜利是全队付出努力应得的回报。3. Each time, he performs his stand-up routine in front of millions of people when the show is broadcast live on TV. 每次，当节目在电视上现场直播时他都是在上百万人面前表演他的单口喜剧节目。live （1）adv. 现场地；直播地With all the news broadcast live, the pressure on the announcers is becoming heavier.随着新闻的直播，播音员的压力变得更大了。（2）adj. 现场的，直播的；有生命的，活的 We are watching the live coverage of the Olympics. 我们正在观看奥运会实况报道。 She was frightened at the sight of a live snake. 看到一条活蛇她吓坏了。 注意：live 做“活着的”讲时，作定语要前置，一般不指人。【辨析】live/ alive/ living/ lively live adj. “活着的”（与dead想对应）， 只能做定语（指动物），另外还有“现场直播的”意思（反义词recorded “录制的，转播的”）alive adj. “活着的，健在的”，做表语；作定语需后置（一般用于人，有时也用于动物） living adj. “活着的；有生命的”。既可以作定语，也可以作表语。“生物”只能译作living things lively adj. 生动的，活泼的 They are carrying out an experiment with a live monkey. 他们正在用一只活的猴子做实验。 It was a live broadcast, not a recording. 这是现场直播而非转播。 Who is the greatest man alive? 谁是当今活着的最伟大的人？4. Crystals popularity with all age groups and his ability to amuse people all over the world prove that stand-up can be enjoyed by everyone. 克里斯托在各个年龄段人群之间的受欢迎程度和他愉悦全世界人们的能力证明人人都可能喜欢单口喜剧。amuse vt. 使愉快，使高兴He came up with a good idea to amuse the kids. 他想出了一个好主意来逗孩子开心。【相关拓展】（1） amused adj. 觉得好笑的（2） amusing adj. 逗人笑的，有趣的（3） amusement n. 可笑，愉悦，娱乐to ones amusement =to the amusement of sb 令某人高兴的，好笑的是 We are amused at his amusing stories. 我们都被他有趣的故事逗乐了。 To my amusement, he couldnt get the door open. 使我感到好笑的是，他竟然打不开门。5. Writing is tough work, but I hope it will all be worthwhile, 写作是辛苦的工作，但我希望这是值得的，worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得花时间、钱或精力的It is worthwhile taking the trouble to explain a job fully to a new employee.给新雇员详细解释一下工作要求，费点事是值得的。It is worthwhile discussing the question. 这个问题值得讨论。【辨析】worthwhile/ worth/ worthy 三个都是形容词，都是“值得的”意思，但是所使用的句型不同(1) worthwhile 用于下列句型：It is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth. 干某事是值得的但不能说：sth. is worthwhile doing/ to do(2) worth 用于下列句型：sth. is worth sth/ doing此句型中只能用doing， 不能使用被动。 在表达“很值得”时前面加well 修饰The museum is certainly worth a visit. =The museum is certainly worth visiting.这个博物馆的确值得参观。This idea is well worth considering. 这个想法很值得考虑。(3) worthy 用于下列句型：sth. be worthy of sth/ being done sth. be worthy to be doneThe film is worthy of being seen.= The film is worthy to be seen.这部电影值得看。6. Somehow, the new things he thinks of are always funnier than what he was supposed to say!不知何故，他想出的新点子比原来他应该讲的更好笑。somehow adv. 由于某种未知的原因，不知为什么Somehow，I dont feel I can trust him. 不知为什么，我觉得不能信任他。He always worked hard, but somehow, he never did the job well. 他总是很努力，但不知怎么的，他就是做不好。 7. In an interview, he told us that he is always happy to take on new foreign students. 在一次采访中， 他告诉我们说他随时都乐于接收外国学生。take on 接收，接受 雇佣 呈现 承担，决定做I cant take on any extra work. 我不能承担任何额外的工作。After so many years, my hometown has taken on a new look. 这么多年之后，我的家乡呈现出一派新气象。He was taken on as a trainee. 他受聘当实习生。【相关拓展】take的其他短语take down 拆除；记下take in 吸收，接纳；理解，领会；欺骗take off 脱下；起飞；成功take over 接管，接任take up 占据（时间、空间）；开始处理，从事；学着做，开始做；接着讲Workmen arrived to take down the old houses. 工人前来拆除旧房子。Dont be taken in the advertisement. It doesnt tell the truth. 不要被这个广告骗了。这个广告不真实。Her singing career took off after her TV appearance. 她在电视上亮相之后演唱事业迅速腾飞了。His son took over the family business after his death. 他死后他的儿子接管了他的家族企业。He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要开始履行职责了。She took up the story where Tim had left off. 她继续讲蒂姆未讲完的故事。8. Of course. (moves over as if to make room) 当然。（挪过去，好像是要腾出空间）as if =as though 引导方式状语从句或表语从句We have missed the bus; it looks as if/ as though well have to walk. 我们错过了公共汽车，看来我们得步行了。He glanced about as if he was in search of something. 他环顾四周就好像在寻找东西。【相关拓展】如果as if/ as though 表示当前不太真实、不大可能或有疑问的事情时，所引导的从句中应使用虚拟语气。谓语动词的形式要遵循以下原则：（1） 从句动作在时间上与主句动作同时进行，从句谓语动词用did/were（2） 从句动作在时间上比主句动作早，从句谓语动词用had done（3） 从句动作在时间上比主句动作晚，从句谓语动词用would/ could /might do He didnt attend the meeting, but he talked as if he knew everything. 他没出席会议，但他的说话的神情好像什么都知道一样。（实际上不知道） They met each other for the first time at the party, but they talked as if they had been old friends. 他们在晚会上刚认识，但他们交谈着好像已经是多年的朋友。9. Mike looks annoyed. 迈克看上去很生气。annoyed adj. 生气的， 恼怒的 多用于以下结构：be/get annoyed at/ about sth. be/get annoyed with sb.The boss was annoyed with him because he was often for work this month.老板对他很恼火，因为他这个月上班经常迟到。My mum will surely be annoyed at my carelessness.妈妈肯定会对我的粗心生气的。【相关拓展】annoy vt. 使烦恼， 使生气annoying adj. 令人烦恼的， 恼人的10. I need, no, I must have, my (raises one eyebrow and looks meaningfully at servant) important papers. (sits on throne) 我需要，不，我一定要重要的文件。（扬了扬眉毛，意味深长地看着仆人，坐在王位上）raise vt. 抬高，举起；筹募；抚养; 饲养She raised the gun and fired. 她举枪射击。We arranged this activity to raise money for Project Hope.我们安排这次活动为希望工程集资。 We were both raised in the South. 我们都是在南方长大的。 【辨析】 raise/ rise raise vt. 后面一定要加宾语，可用于被动。表示把人或物提高到较高的位置或水平，既可指具体的物，也可用于抽象含义，如raise a cloud of dust 扬起一片尘土 raise price 提高物价raise ones hope 唤起希望raise money 筹款另外，raise 还可以表示提出课题，如：This book raises many important questions. rise vi. 不能带宾语，不能用于被动，可以表示“上涨，上升”，还可以表示“起身，起立”， 比如：rise to ones feet = stand up 又如：Air pollution has risen above an acceptable level. 空气污染已经超标。11. No, you fool! (tears the paper in two) 不，你这个傻瓜！（报报纸撕成两半）tear vt. & vi.(tore, torn)撕扯；撕下 n. 眼泪；泪珠（常用复数tears）【相关词组】teardown 撕掉；拆毁tearinto pieces 把撕成碎片tearin two=tearinto halves 把撕成两半tear oneself/sb. from sth./sb. 挣开；拽开；揪走in tears 哭She was in tears over the death of her pet dog. 她因小狗的死去而哭泣。He just couldnt tear himself from the beautiful painting. 他被这幅漂亮的油画深深地吸引了。（他无法把自己从这幅画前拽走） A heated discussion is carried out in the city whether the old city wall should be torn down. 关于是否要拆毁古城墙的问题，市里展开了热烈的讨论。12. Servant burst in, next to Queen 仆人冲进来，在皇后旁边burst in 是不及物动词词组，其后不能带宾语，意为“突然闯入”。另外，burst in 还有“突然插嘴，插话”的意思。同意词组：break inburst into 是及物动词词组，后加宾语。同意词组：break into The police burst in and arrested the thief. 警察突然闯入，逮捕了那个小偷。Tom burst into the room and made us shocked. 汤姆突然闯入房间，我们都很吃惊。He longed to break in on their conversation but didnt want to appear rude. 他很想打断他们的谈话，但又不想显得很粗鲁。【相关拓展】burst out crying/ laughing/singing = burst into tears /laughter /songs 突然大哭/大笑/唱起来break into 也有类似的用法She burst out crying for a while, and burst into laughter for another while, which made us at a loss. 她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使得我们一头雾水。The audience burst into wild applause. 观众中突然响起了雷鸣般的掌声。I almost burst out laughing when I saw what she was wearing. 当我见到她的穿着时我几乎忍不住大笑起来。13. He glared at Queen. 他瞪着王后。glare at (生气、愤怒地)瞪着He didnt shout. He just glared at me silently. 他没冲我吼，只是默默地怒视着我。【辨析】stare at/ glare at/ gaze atstare at 指目不转睛的注视，盯着看glare at 指怒目而视gaze at 指由于好奇、惊讶、喜悦或感兴趣而盯着看She gazed at him in amusement. 她惊异地注视着他。They didnt fight, but stood there glaring at one another. 他们没有打起来，只是站在那里互相怒视着。I stared blankly at the paper in front of me. 我茫然地看着面前的这张纸。14. Your Highness? (holds out a roll of toilet paper) 殿下？（拿出一卷手纸）hold out 拿出，伸出；坚持，维持He held out the keys and I took them. 他伸手把钥匙递过来，我接了。We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out. 我们可以在这里一直坚持到我们的储备用完。How long can we hold out against these attacks?我们对这些攻击能抵抗多久？【相关拓展】与hold 相关的短语hold back 阻拦；隐瞒；抑制hold on (在困境或危险中)坚持住，挺住； 别挂断，等一下hold on to 抓紧，不放开； 保留不卖或不送hold up 举起，支撑；延迟，阻塞She just managed to hold back her anger. 她勉强压住了自己的怒火。I think he held back some very important information. 我认为他隐瞒了某些非常重要的信息。They managed to hold on until help arrived. 他们勉强坚持到救援到来。You should hold on to your old house, which will get more valuable in the near future.不要把你的老房子卖了。很快它还会升值的。An accident is holding up traffic. 一场事故造成了交通阻塞。【相关练习】I Word spelling 1. There is a long q_ of people waiting for buying new houses. 2. The match will be b_ live on TV this evening. Dont miss it. 3. The kids were a_ by my funny drawings and began to laugh. 4. Qi Baishi was an o_ artist in China. He was very famous. 5. It is well w_ making the effort to learn how to drive. 6. Everyone was a_ by the heavy traffic in the city. The roads were always crowded. 7. She t_ the letter into pieces and walked out quickly.8. As an s_ goes, “It is never too old to learn.”9. He tried to avoid all _ (身体的) touch.10. The governments help was of great importance during the _ (紧急情况).11. Considering what he did, I think the punishment was _ (恰当的).12. My host family, like other Americans, were so _ (富有幽默感的) that they often made fun of themselves.II Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the given phrases make fun of in response to take on tear down glare at hold out make sense be supposed to make room for dash out look up lose weight follow in the footsteps of have effects on1. He was often _ at school, which deeply hurt him.2. According to the stage directions, you _ to stand here, not there.3. You dont have to _ every word you dont know. Just look at the words around it to see if the sentence _.4. He _ other famous scientists and tried to make contributions to the important research.5. He removed the pile of newspaper to _ books he just bought.6. They _ each other and it seemed that a fight would soon happen.7. Laughter _ positive _ peoples health.8. He _ his hand to stop a taxi.9. The building is too old to be safe, so it has to be _.10. The insect can _the colors of the background to protect itself.III Multiple choice1. While the children were listening to their teachers joke, they were shouting_.A. in laughter B. with laughter C. in tears D. with laughters 2. How are you managing to do your work without an assistant? -Well, I get along _. A. somewhere B. somehow C. sometime D. sometimes 3. The police are offering a big _ for the information about that traffic accident. A price B. prize C. reward D aw