GRE ARGUE 模板改进版.doc

HEADIn this argument, the arguer concludes/recommends/advocates that will lead to . To support/justify the conclusion/claim, the arguer points out/claims that . In addition, the arguer reasons that . The argument suffers from several critical fallacies.BODY小推大An additional reasoning flaw in the argument is the arguers underlying assumptionthat are representative of all . However, only is rarely sufficient to establish a general conclusion that . Therefore, I cannot accept the arguers generalization about .大推小The arguer commits a fallacy of “misapplied generalization” in assuming that applies specifically to . Lacking the evidence that reflects the general , the arguer cannot justify his recommendation based on the nationwide survey.原因过简：The arguer commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification in assuming that . While A is an important element in deterring B, it is highly possible other fact may have contributed to B. For instance, . And the arguer neglects the fact , without ruling out these and other possible facts, the arguer could not safely draw any significant conclusion or prediction. 相同或同时的关系误认为是因果关系：The arguer uses the positive correlation between A and B to establish causality. However, the fact that A coincide with B does not necessary prove that A caused. The arguer has not ruled out other possible causes for B, such as could be responsible for B.错误类比：Analogies draw between A and B are highly suspect because there are many serious differences. For instance, . Although there are points of comparison between A and B, but apparently, differences between A and B clearly outweigh the surface similarities. Thus, it is impossible to conclude that .忽略时间地点的不同：The arguer assumes without justification that the background conditions have remain the same at the different times and different locations. Thus, it is impossible to conclude that .非此即彼：The arguers recommendation rests on the unlikely assumption that A and B are mutually exclusive alternatives. However, the arguer overlooks the possibility that . Thus, to some extent, the recommendation is unwarranted. 片面性：The arguer fails to consider the B side of might bring. For example, . It may turn out that B side far outweigh the A side, because the arguers argument lacks a complete analysis of the situation. The writer concludes that. To support his conclusion, he provides evidence concerning. Meanwhile, he reasons that.However, the argument is undermined by a series/ set of precarious assumptions.Though _ seems to be a big number at first glance, without any information about the whole population of _, this sample size may not be sufficient to represent the overall situation and thereby rendering the survey little persuasive power. (SAMPLE SIZE)As the selection procedure is unknown according to the argument, we can easily find good reasons to doubt if the sample is random and able to represent the general attitude. It is entirely possible that this survey is studied in a small scale, whereas a lot more_have been excluded by the research. (SELECTION PROCEDURE)The arguer fails to provide any detailed information about_. The existing data is far from sufficient to draw a reliable conclusion. First, both the percentages of 51% and 99% can be regarded as a majority. However, common sense tells us that there are notable disparities between the two. The lower the percentage is, the less reliable the result of the survey will be.(AMBIGUOUS) Second,the use of average number is questionable. A growth on average could possibly result from a sharp increase of a small proportion of_, while the rest may be left unchanged or even decrease. Without some other statistics such as median and standard deviation, it is hasty to conclude_.(AVERAGE) Third, without providing any detail about the total of _, it is unwarranted to make any sound conclusion based on a percentage. Perhaps there is only _, which only takes up a small portion of the whole. Therefore, any sharp increase/decrease of _may not bring about a significant change on the whole.(PERCENTAGE). Whats more, the conclusion is solely based on an absolute number. But after a thorough observation, we can find out that even the number of _ is big, it only constitutes a small part of _. If absolute number can tell the whole truth, maybe what the scientist need to do is only to increase the sample size, which may make any nonexistent causal relationship justified. (ABSOLUTE NUMBER)The evidence that shows little report/ complaint/evidence concerning does not necessarily guarantee that the (overall customer satisfaction) is good in general. It is entirely possible that (the majority of customers are unwilling to complain), or it may be because that (the customer service department refuses to present the actual report). If this is the case, the authors recommendation that. may be too hasty to be credible. (NO DATA)Even assuming that the study is statistically reliable, by repeatedly emphasizing on the correlation between _A_ and _B_, the arguer arbitrarily equates the correlation with the cause-and-effect relationship. However, several other possible factors can also bring about _B_. For instance, it may be _A1_ that causes_B_; or perhaps other factors such as_A2_, which exert a significant impact upon _B_.Any of these factors, if true, would cast considerable doubts on the arguers conclusion.(假性因果)Even if_ does tremendously boost/hinder_, it is unwarranted to presume the likewise effectiveness would once again emerge in _. Very likely, the arguer ignores several fundamental disparities between _ and_. Unlike_, perhaps _; or it is possible that _.Unless the author rules out any possible factors distinguishing _ from _, we could hardly be convinced by his conclusion.(错误类比)At the beginning, the arguer quotes a survey concerning _, but when it comes to a conclusion, the arguer abruptly converts it into_. However, common sense tells us that _ has a much narrower scope than _, which is composed of a multitude of other elements such as _. The authors confusing _with _ would turn out to be irresponsible and misleading.(小推大)The authors reasoning is undermined once again as it is based on a nationwide survey, which is impossible to indicate some specific characteristics that distinguish_ from a majority of nation, Perhaps what characterizes this region is _, or maybe _. The argument would turn out to be more convincing if it is based on a more specific investigation relevant to _.(大推小)Even assuming _ is responsible for_, there is no assurance that this situation will continue and remain completely unchanged in the anticipated future. Perhaps_ have been replaced by_, and a turnaround has emerged in_. As entirely based on an assumption that a static state will persist in a couple of years, the authors speculation requires further examinations.(过去现在和将来)The author poses a hypothesis that profit of _ would boost immediately by implementing a strategy of _.Yet common sense tells us that profit is tightly bound up with two key factors: revenue and