高中英语阅读理解破解方法

阅读理解阅读理解 第一讲第一讲 组件分析三步法组件分析三步法 破解阅读理解长难句破解阅读理解长难句 组件分析三步法组件分析三步法 实实 战战 1 Having chosen family television programs and women s magazines the toothpaste marketer for instance must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women s magazines to be used 2 Schools across China are expected to hire 50 000 college graduates this year as short term teachers almost three times the number hired last year to help reduce unemployment pressures 3 I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse but I have never questioned the fact that whether I liked it or not change was unavoidable 4 Sire shows in her book a deep concern about the fall of handwriting and the failure of schools to teach children to write well but many others argue that people in a digital age can t be expected to learn to hold a pen 5 What Winter knows of the 19 year old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation 移植移植 6 The alarm had been raised because Vicki became suspicious 怀疑怀疑 of the guest who checked in at 3 pm the day before New Year s Eve with little luggage and wearing sunglasses and a hat pulled down over his face 7 First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique 8 It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet connected computers although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e mail is introduced the printers start working overtime That is the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet 9 They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures called moat 护城河护城河 for which the island is most famous 10 Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots 11 The minute I saw the look on my dad s face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame I knew I had given the perfect gift 12 So I carried on and found the bus stop which was a request stop where the bus wouldn t stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off 13 A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water 第二讲第二讲 阅读理解高分策略之阅读理解高分策略之 抓主题抓主题 1 何为主题 何为主题 主题 文章描述的对象 主题 文章描述的对象 主旨 文章关于该对象的观点或态度 主旨 文章关于该对象的观点或态度 先主题后主旨先主题后主旨 2 主题的常见设问方式有哪些 主题的常见设问方式有哪些 主旨大意题主旨大意题 What s the main idea of this passage 文章主题文章主题 What s the best title for this passage 文章标题文章标题 What is the author s main purpose in this passage 作者态度或意图作者态度或意图 3 如何抓主题 如何抓主题 寻找寻找 重复词重复词 寻找并读懂寻找并读懂 主题句主题句 段落首尾句段落首尾句 问答处 问题给主题 答语给主旨问答处 问题给主题 答语给主旨 注意文章中的自问自答部分注意文章中的自问自答部分 首句之中或之后出现首句之中或之后出现 but 转折转折 或或 because 原因原因 则 则 but 或或 because 之后是主题之后是主题 句 常见的标志词还有 句 常见的标志词还有 on the whole as a result in short therefore thus 破折号 冒号之后揭示文章主题 破折号 冒号之后揭示文章主题 实例分析实例分析 1 2012 新课标新课标 B 篇篇 Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar it is also delicious In parts of Africa though people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper a little bird called a honey guide 第一段首尾句第一段首尾句 The honey guide does not actually like honey but it does like the wax in the beehives 蜂房蜂房 第二段首句第二段首句 Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax but it is very determined in its efforts to get it 第三段首句第三段首句 What can be the best title for the text A Wild Bees B Wax and Honey C Beekeeping in Africa D Honey Lover s Helper 实例分析实例分析 2 2012 新课标新课标 D 篇篇 Grown ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since A man He He can A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins Twinkle twinkle little start or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears 文章首段文章首段 What s the main idea of Paragraph 1 A People remember well what they learned in childhood B Children have a better memory than grown ups C Poem reading is a good way to learn words D Stories for children are easy to remember 实例分析实例分析 3 Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it It is not the amazing complexity of television nor the impressive technology of transport The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noises with our mouths and transmit ideas and thoughts to each other s minds This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle it is 文章首段文章首段 This passage is mainly about A the development of body language B the special role humans play in nature C the power to convey information to others D the difference between humans and animals in language use 实例分析实例分析 4 My few minutes with Mr Galbreath changed my life Now I try to treat everyone with respect no matter who I think they are and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity What is the message mainly expressed in the story 2010 年重庆卷年重庆卷 A 篇篇 节选文章最后一节选文章最后一 段 段 A We should learn to be generous B It is honorable to help those in need C People in high positions are not like what we expect D We should avoid judging people by their appearances 实例分析实例分析 5 We often don t remember things as well when we re trying to manage several details at the same time Without mental focus we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in so it never makes it into our memory stores That is one of the main reasons we forget people s names even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves Multitasking can also affect our relationships If someone checks their e mail while on the phone with a friend they may come off as absent minded or disinterested It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them What is the main idea of the passage 文章最后一段 文章最后一段 A Multitasking has become a way of life B Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline C Multitasking exercises need to be improved D Multitasking enables people to remember things better 实例分析实例分析 6 When you re lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera the stresses of the world seem a million miles away Hey stop This is no vacation you have to finish something What would be the best title for the text 文章第一段 文章第一段 A Adventures in Travel Writing B Working as a Food Critic C Travel Guides on the Market D Vacationing for a Living 实例分析实例分析 7 Too much TV watching can harm children s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children What would be the best title for this text 文章第一段 文章第一段 A Computers or Television B Effects of Television on Children C Studies on TV and College Education D Television and Children s Learning Habits 实例分析实例分析 8 The world of make believe is not necessarily bad But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet 出路出路 for our sense of wonder then we are really missing something We are missing a connection with the living world Other wonderful worlds exist all around us But even more interesting is that if we look closely enough we can see that these worlds in a broad sense are really part of our own 文章第一段 文章第一段 What is the main purpose of the passage A To show us the hidden beauty in our world B To warn us not to get lost in the fantasy world C To argue against the misuse of the sense of wonder D To discuss the influence of the world of make believe 第三讲第三讲 阅读理解高分策略之阅读理解高分策略之 找重点找重点 1 何为重点 何为重点 题目考的就是重点题目考的就是重点 细节题和词义题细节题和词义题 56 If a child is interested in the universe he probably will visit 细节题细节题 57 What can kids do at a Youtheater 细节题细节题 58 What does hands on science mean in the last paragraph 词义题词义题 2 找重点有什么用 找重点有什么用 解决细节题 解决细节题 3 如何找重点 如何找重点 利用题干利用题干 关键词关键词 寻找重点寻找重点 关键词定位法关键词定位法 一眼秒杀一眼秒杀 型关键词 人名 地名 数字 年代 时间 时期 大写字母 特型关键词 人名 地名 数字 年代 时间 时期 大写字母 特 殊标点符号 在原文中找到关键句殊标点符号 在原文中找到关键句 1 2 句句 放慢速度 精读这 放慢速度 精读这 1 2 句句 关键句可能是长难句 关键句可能是长难句 这正是出题老师的意图这正是出题老师的意图 直接定位法直接定位法 57 What can kids do at a Youtheater 58 What does hands on science mean in the last paragraph 同义替换同义替换 型关键词 题干中的关键词型关键词 题干中的关键词 以名词 动词 形容词为主以名词 动词 形容词为主 和关键句中用不同的和关键句中用不同的 方式表达同一含义 方式表达同一含义 间接定位法间接定位法 Joey 老师的重要提示 找到关键词 读懂一整句 读完还不够 上下看一句 老师的重要提示 找到关键词 读懂一整句 读完还不够 上下看一句 实例分析实例分析 1 Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to Try some of these places Visit art museums They offer a variety of activities to excite your kid s interest Many offer workshops for making hand made pieces traveling exhibits book signings 签名签名 by children s favorite writers and even musical performances and other arts Head to a natural history museum This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky Also ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up Go to a Youtheater Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors Pre show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts Puppet 木偶木偶 making and stage make up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find Try hands on science Visit one of the many hands on science museums around the country These science play lands are great fun for kids and grown ups alike They ll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole while pushing buttons experimenting and building When everyone is tired enjoy a fun family science show commonly found in these museums 56 If a child is interested in the universe he probably will visit A a Youtheater B an art museum C a natural history museum D a hands on science museum 57 What can kids do at a Youtheater A Look at rock collections B See dinosaur models C Watch puppet making D Give performances 58 What does hands on science mean in the last paragraph A Science games designed by kids B Learning science by doing things C A show of kids science work D Reading science books 实例分析实例分析 2 Tristan da Cunha is discovered by the Portuguese admiral 海军上将海军上将 of the same name in 1506 and settled in 1810 the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha A was named after its discoverer B got its name from Holland settlers C was named by the British government D got its name from the Guinness Book of Records 实例分析实例分析 3 My kids really understand solar and earth heat energy says a second grade teacher in Saugus California Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course These young scientists are part of City Building Educational Program CBEP a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of a city planning to teach basic reading writing and math skills and more The children don t just plan any city They map and analyze the housing energy and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom says the teacher who developed this program They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame because there are no wrong answers in a future context In fact as the class enters the final model building stage of the program an elected official and planning group make all the design decisions for the model city and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser CBEP is a set of activities games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for problem solving observing analyzing working out possible answers and judging them based on the children s own standards 1 An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom A to find out kids creative ideas B to discuss with the teacher C to give children lectures D to help kids with their program 2 Who is the designer of the program A An official B An architect C A teacher D A scientist 实例分析实例分析 4 The basenji is a central African hunting dog It comes from a country called Chad which is north of the Central African Republic The basenji was well known as the silent dog because for centuries no basenjis had ever been known to bark 吠吠 Then at a dog show in London in 1953 a basenji actually barked As well as being clever basenjis are known for their natural courage and are still popular hunting dogs in Africa But in America people keep them mainly because they are gentle and full of fun The basenji has an unusual habit it washes itself all over like a cat It is a middle sized dog 16 or 17 inches higher from the shoulder It weighs about 20 pounds A basenji s coat is short and silky It may be brown white or gold or a mixture of these three colors 1 Basenjis were first found A in Africa Europe and America B in both Africa and America C in central Africa D in North Africa 2 What made basenjis so special A They were funny enough to make people laugh B One of them barked at a dog show in London C They were a true friend of man D They were born quiet dogs 3 Americans like basenjis because they are A pleasant B pretty C clean D quiet 4 In what way are basenjis like cats A They make gentle sounds instead of barking B They are fond of people and look like cats C They clean themselves all over D They have short silky fur 5 Basenjis are good hunters because they are A strong B fearless C the right color D the right weight 实例分析实例分析 5 Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar it is also delicious Most people and many animals like eating it However the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest and take the honey from it Often these nests are high up in trees and it is difficult to find them In parts of Africa though people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper a little bird called a honey guide Why is it difficult to find a wild bees nest A It s small in size B It s hidden in trees C It s covered with wax D It s hard to recognize 实例分析实例分析 6 Once it has their attention it flies through the forest waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest When they finally arrive at the nest the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches Some of the honey and the wax always falls to the ground and this is when the honey guide takes its share What do the words the follower in paragraph 2 refer to A A bee B A bird C A honey seeker D A beekeeper 第四讲第四讲 阅读理解高分策略之阅读理解高分策略之 技巧归纳技巧归纳 阅读理解三大原则阅读理解三大原则 4 1 顺序一致原则顺序一致原则 对于对于 细节题细节题 题目排列的顺序和对应的重点句在原文中出现的顺序前后一 题目排列的顺序和对应的重点句在原文中出现的顺序前后一 致 致 多段落文章多段落文章 段落超过段落超过 5 个个 会有例外 会有例外 4 2 主题一致原则主题一致原则 利用题干主题和原文利用题干主题和原文 段落主题段落主题 的对应关系 将题目对号入座 的对应关系 将题目对号入座 细节题细节题 一般不跨段落出题 一般不跨段落出题 4 3 同义替换原则同义替换原则 题干关键词和原文中对应的重点信息句会有同义替换现象 题干关键词和原文中对应的重点信息句会有同义替换现象 包含与原文重点信息句同义替换现象的选项是正确选项 包含与原文重点信息句同义替换现象的选项是正确选项 七大出题位置七大出题位置 1 段落首尾句 段落首尾句 2 转折 转折 but however yet 3 因果 因果 because for therefore thus so as a result 4 比较级 最高级 比较级 最高级 5 唯一 唯一 6 特殊标点符号 特殊标点符号 感叹号 冒号 破折号感叹号 冒号 破折号 7 长难句 长难句 阅读理解七宗罪阅读理解七宗罪 阅读理解中常见的七大错误选项规律 阅读理解中常见的七大错误选项规律 1 以偏概全 主旨题 以偏概全 主旨题 2 偷换概念 原文中的 偷换概念 原文中的 A 事物和选项中的事物和选项中的 A 事物含义不同 事物含义不同 3 张冠李戴 将文中两事物的属性搞混 张冠李戴 将文中两事物的属性搞混 数字题数字题 4 正反混淆 将原文含义颠倒黑白 正反混淆 将原文含义颠倒黑白 5 无中生有 选项含有与原文无关的内容 无中生有 选项含有与原文无关的内容 6 移花接木 跨段落设置干扰选项 移花接木 跨段落设置干扰选项 7 答非所问 答非所问 照抄原文 以原文某句话直接回答 但该句话无法回答所问的问题 照抄原文 以原文某句话直接回答 但该句话无法回答所问的问题 真题实战真题实战 1 Planning a visit to the UK Here we help with ways to cut your costs AVOID BIG EVENTS Big sporting events concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival 19 Oct cost 169 15 at B A week later the same room cost 118 15 If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid or you re looking for a big event to pass your time check out sites such as W which allow you to search for events in the UK by city date and category STAY AWAY FROM THE STATION If traveling to your destination by train you may want to find a good base close to the station but you could end up paying more for the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday Don t be too choosy about the part of town you stay in Booking two months in advance the cheapest room at Travelodge s Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was 95 95 A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was 75 75 And at Farringdon a double room cost just 62 95 LOOK AFTER YOURSELF Really central hotels in cities such as London Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune especially at weekends and during big events As an alternative consider checking into a self catering flat with its own kitchen Often these flats are hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings A great example is the historic O Neill Flat on Edinburgh s Royal Mile available for 420 for five days in late September with room for four adults GET ON A BIKE London s Boris bikes have attracted the most attention but other cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace saving you on public transport or car parking costs Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle casual members pay around 1 50 for two hours and Cardiff free for up to 30 minutes or 5 per day 358 words 56 Th