本科生期末论文设计范文 - 浙江师范大学网络课程.doc

本科生期末论文设计范文( 2009届 )题 目： 评梅尔维尔的白鲸 学 院： 行 知 学 院 专 业： 英 语 学生姓名： 厉周亚 学号： 09096108 指导教师： 江玉娇 职称： 教授 合作导师： 职称： 完成时间： 2011 年 12 月 On Melvilles “Moby Dick”浙江师范大学本科生论文目录Abstract:1摘 要11.Introduction22.An analysis of Ahab in the struggling between people and nature22.1 The background of the 19th century22.2 An analysis of Ahab and the white whale32.3An analysis of the relationship between humanity and nature33.An analysis of Ahab in the struggling between people and people33.1 An analysis of Pequod33.2 Hierarchy33.3 An analysis of the relationship between people and people44.Conclusion4Works Cited6On Melvilles “Moby Dick”Li Zhouya Abstract: “Moby Dick” tells a story about Captain Ahabs crazy chase of Moby Dick, the White Whale, which leads to the tragic ending of Pequod and his crew. As a predictive fiction with romantic color and modern spirit, it becomes a terrace of Melvilles caring and expressing Ahabs fighting against nature and the relationship among human beings. This article intends to reveal its spirit of times and tragic essence by the tragedy embodied in. Key words: individualism; nature; democratic freedom; friendship; 评梅尔维尔的白鲸厉周亚 摘 要：白鲸展示给我们的是船长亚哈为追杀白鲸带领佩阔德号及其般员为复仇而走向毁灭的过程。作为一部具有现代精神与浪漫色彩的预测小说，它成为一个麦尔维尔的关怀的平台，表达了亚哈反抗自然也描绘了人与人之间的关系。文章也揭示了白鲸所表现的时代特征及所蕴涵的悲剧实质。 关键词：个人主义；自然；民主自由；友谊On Melvilles “Moby Dick”09096108 Li ZhouyaTutor: Jiang Yujiao1. IntroductionHerman Melville was the celebrated author of several big 19th-century novels about the sea. Moby-Dick (1851), the story of the fanatical Captain Ahab and his hunt for the great white whale of the title, is now considered one of the classics of American literature. Melvilles other novels include Typee (1846), Omoo (1847), and Billy Budd (published posthumously in 1924). Melville published little after 1860 and it wasnt until the 1900s that he gained his reputation as one of early Americas great authors.Moby-Dick, Herman Melvilles sixth book, was published in 1851. It was a work in which, as the novelist Walker Percy has written, Melville first fully felt the happiness of the artist discovering, breaking through into the freedom of his art. Moby-Dick began as yet another young-man-goes-to-sea story, but it grew into an encyclopedic work in which the first-person voice of the narrator, Ishmael, fractures into multiple voices. The highly digressive narrative about the whaleship Pequod incorporates meticulous descriptions of the whaling business (from its wage structure to its inventory of weapons and tools), bawdy sailor songs, lyric celebrations of seafaring life, as well as flights of speculation about human destiny. This wonderfully multifarious book, however, is eventually taken over by the monomaniac Captain Ahab, who turns the Pequod into an instrument for achieving his singular and focused purpose: to hunt and kill the great white whale that, on a previous voyage, had dashed his boat to splinters and ripped him half to death.2. An analysis of Ahab in the struggling between people and nature2.1 The background of the 19th century Before we know the characteristic, Ahab, we should understand the situation in 19th century in America at first. In the 19th century, American relying on the advanced equipments and ships became the overlord of the whale fishery. They captured various whales, extracted the sperm oil, cut off the whale meat and fished out the costly ambergris. They desired to 4 seek more benefits from nature and began to invade nature. Therefore humans evil dominated in humanity in that period. However, some curious whales, rainstorm and tsunami forced human beings to pay a painful price. In that period, nature began to revenge humans invasion. The phenomenon ulteriorly aggravated the dreadful relationship between human beings and nature. However, humans tolerance, the most valuable quality in humanity, appeared in that period. Human realized gradually that if they continued to invade nature, they would be revenged by nature. Human began to seek the essential quality of humanity though humans evil still played a dominated role. Therefore, in the 19th century, human kept an inharmonic relationship with nature. But a harmonious relationship began to appear. 2.2 An analysis of Ahab and the white whaleIn this historical background Ahab was created. When the white whale took one of his legs, he felt the human dignity had been violated. In the eyes of Ahab, the white whale became the embodiment of the forces of evil and his physical rivals. Suffered the pain of losing a leg, he was not bore because of his will of steel. However, he didnt know the meaning of why the white whale living so that he couldnt sleep every night and always was crazy. The white whaleMoby Dick is described an immortal and mystical power. And it symbolizes nature. All of the crew and sailors fear it. But only Ahab dare despise the Gods authority and peoples law. His unbelievable will and courage make us seeing the greatness of human. The description of the indomitable struggle between the white whale and Ahab praise American people struggle for life. Ahab is known as a person who is great, impiety but like God. This is not only others think of him, but also he thinks so. He regards himself as a God, even a master of the word. Yet Ahabs tragedy makes us introspection when we praise his spirit. The reasons of his tragedy are that his blind confidence and bigoted lead him to the absolute solipsism and that his blind passion to revenging destroys his sensible choice, arent they? 2.3An analysis of the relationship between humanity and natureThe relationship between humanity and nature is quite complicated. When human beings invade nature with hatred, they will suffer from retaliation of nature. In the novel, Ahabs hatred to the white whale brings its revenge. Moreover, when human suspect nature and begin to invade nature, they will be punished by nature. In the novel, when Ahab is still persisting in fighting against nature, he will suffer from punishment of nature. But human also know how to tolerant nature. When humans tolerance begins to emerge, they will keep a harmonious relationship with nature. 3. An analysis of Ahab in the struggling between people and people3.1 An analysis of PequodFrom the frame of the novel, the Pequod is a high generalization and an epitome of the human beings society. The firm body and the advanced equipments bestow this ship the strong power. The moment it sails in the ocean, it begins its provocation and invasion to the divine sea. In fact it is the delegate of destroying nature. The whalemen on the ship are connived to pursue and kill the whales. So the Pequod is a direct participator. On the other hand, in this small ship, there is a sharply divided hierarchy. Captain Ahab is the sovereign lord and the sailors are only the slaves in the lower end of the social ladder at the outset. When they set foot on this ship, they have lost their human rights. They have to obey Ahabs order so that they devote their own lives to the whale fishery because their bodies and soul belong to the captain. An unlucky encounter of the Pequod actually reflects the tragic fate of the whale men.3.2 HierarchyIn American, “all men are created equal”. However, we can see the caste in “the Pequod”. Ahab is the supreme master, then mate, second mate and third mate. Other crews are the subjects. They make a great contribution for the whaling industry. But they live at the bottom of society. Melville showed that Ahab bid defiance to God. He forms his own principles, in the meanwhile, other peoples democracy dont exist. All of the crew has to obey Ahab walk to the destruction. They are afraid of Ahab rather than their destiny. He attacked that the essence of democracy and freedom by the repressive of Ahab regime. And he also revealed democracy and freedom are only belong to a few of people in the United States.3.3 An analysis of the relationship between people and peopleI admire Ishmaels friend called Queequeg in Nantucket. He regarded Ishmael as cannibal at first. But he made friend with Ishmael because of Ishmaels character soon. At the beginning, the cannibal who tattooed strange flower at every pore gave person a terrible impression. But then, he didnt think he was a barbarians because of his religious devotion and the enthusiasm for people. As a giaour, he was polite and honest. He always worshiped a doll naturally and devoutly and even someone was in his room. When he was in trouble, he would make inquiries of the doll about something sincerely; Actually He was a tribe prospective heir, but he looked forward to the so-called civilization outside. So he left his hometown and wanted to learn some skill from the civilized men. When he went back to his hometown, his countrymen could live in more happiness lives in the future. But later he filled with despair and he thought the world was full of evil. He even feared of civilization deeply. The author expressed his views of the problems of race and satirized the negro slavers by the character.As a narrator of the whole story and Melvilles prolocutor, Ishmael appears as a wise man. Not only does Ishmael show his tolerance, but the captain of the Rachel manifests his special tolerance. In the beginning, the captain like Ahab is so crazy to chase Moby Dick. But after his son is missing chasing the white whale, he begins to repent what he has done. He should not show off human beings power to nature and he has realized that human beings have no ability to defeat nature. Invading and conquering nature is a mistake from the very beginning. Therefore, he begs Ahab to stop his crazy chase and asks Ahab to help seek his son. Starbuck, the chief mate, is also tolerable because he is the first person bravely opposing Ahabs vengeance project and showing a pity for the whales. He utmost takes exception to Ahab because he thinks that Ahab shouldnt hate Moby Dick. In the end, he is so intolerable that he shouts, “Ahab, stop and turn back. This is the third day, to desist. Moby Dick doesnt seek you. Its you to seek the white whale madly.”(Melville 2002: 465). At that time, he has clearly realized that he himself makes an unforgiving mistake to nature and he is the tool of Ahabs invading nature.4. Conclusion To get economic benefits, human beings hold out their evil hands to raven nature, which is reflected in the selfish desire of human beings. Therefore, in the whale fishery, human beings have the same idea: in order to cut down the whales head, dissect the whales abdomen, peel the whale and scoop the whale oil, they are willing to spend much money and time in preparing the ships, purchasing the equipment and employing the crew without complaining. But human beings rapacity is endless. Nature begins to counterattack. For instance, the invaders ships are broken. The invaders themselves are also punished by nature. Moby Dick is a tragic epic, a romance of moral inquiry about the nature of good and evil, and about the power of will to defy fate. It is a naturalistic story of whale-hunting, yet metaphorical