论现代中医学的基本特征.docx

Basic Features of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine HE Zemin1, HE Yongqiang2(1、 Hospital of Shaoyang University，Hunan shaoyang, 422000, 2、TCM Hospital of Shaoyang) Abstract Modern traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) inherited carry forward the excellent traditions of their own, absorb and apply modern scientific achievements actively, and constantly advancing with the times, explore and practice to human health,disease, and its diagnosing and treatment. Modern TCM is undergoing a comprehensive and profound change,formed its own distinctive basic characteristics,it accounts life as highly unification of whole and parts, macro and micro, qualitative and quantitative ;overall unification of health maintenance and disease diagnosis and treatment; harmonious unification of treatment based on syndrome differentiation and treatment based on disease;perfect unification of natural sciences and humanities. Thus, modern traditional Chinese medicine is increasing its objective precision to promote international recognition,and make itself more advanced. Grasp these basic features is conducive to understanding and promoting traditional Chinese medicine correctly, firming the conviction of traditional Chinese medicine theory , reducing the noise of denial traditional Chinese medicine. Keyword modern traditional Chinese medicine, basic features, natural sciences, humanities, the overall concept, the local concept, disease differentiation treatment, diagnosis and treatment TCM comes from the thousands years production, life and clinical practice.Due to the backward productivity and technological, our awareness of nature and the human body is mainly philosophical speculation, based on naive materialism and dialectics.Its good at use xiang thinking, take the mode of governing exteriors to infer interiorto diagnosing and treating diseases, with the Secretary hides inside outside model of disease diagnosis and treatment, focusing on the study of human macroscopic, dynamic, links and features, a unique day people one view of nature, life and health concept. The past century, TCM learn a lot of modern science, with the help of cognitive and experimental approaches such as physics, chemistry and mathematics ,TCM can raising the objective precision of medical research and clinical practice, promoting international recognition. Since the birth of new China, the party and the government adhere to payingequalattention to Chinese medicine andwestern medicineas well,put forward to accelerating the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, far-reaching changes in the exploration and clinical practice of TCM, forming their own forming characteristics which different from other subjects and old TCM: 1、Highly unification of whole and parts TCM holistic View thought that the human body is an organic whole, between the various components of the bodys constitution, the structure of human body is indivisible, the function of it is mutual coordination for the use, in the pathology is interaction; human living in nature and society, inevitably affected by natural and social. Modern TCM is also a profound understanding: The overall view is based on the characteristics of the local and whole and their interconnections.When emphasizing integral also attaches great importance of the local characteristics and the relationship among the whole and local, local and local.The whole which lacks of local analysis is isolated1, at variance with objective reality. In fact, Huangdi Neijing divides human body into the liver, heart, spleen, lung, kidney five internal organs, as well as gall bladders, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, bladder,and put the five zang-organs belong to Yin and put the six fu-organs belong to Yang .It illustrates the relationship among human viscera, and the relationship is also theresult of overall analysis to the human body.Overall view is also focusing on local, in-depth analysis of zang-fu organs and, meridian, qi-blood and bowels skeleton, obsessed with the officer, and so on.Huangdi Neijing described the relationship between the physiological and pathology and their respective with the theory of yin and yang.Local human body can have a whole life full information, the local is often a microcosm of the whole. Such as ears and paws can reflect the overall situation is normal or abnormal activities, examine these local variations, such as color, tenderness can be sensed internal organs of different nature and level of the lesion. Auricular therapy, foot therapy is embodying in the analysis of local concrete manifestation. Attaches great importance to the local analysis is a commonly used in the research of TCM, it usually adopts the local things or phenomena in the overall look ,by combining the understanding of the part and the whole, local analysis and global studies combined, developing their respective advantages and characteristics 1, overcoming their shortcomings to a dialectical fusion instead of research local and whole in isolation .Let the analysis achieve the unity of the overall view and partial view finally. 2、The unification of the macroscopic syndrome and microcosmic syndrome differentiation Macroscopic syndrome differentiation of TCM including eight principles, differentiation of syndrome differentiation, meridian syndrome differentiation and syndrome differentiation, qi-blood six-channel differentiation, pathogeny syndrome differentiation, wei qi camp blood syndrome differentiation and the sanjiao syndrome,Its a methodology by observation, listening, interrogation,and pulse-taking to collect symptoms, signs and other information , which is characterized by the disease can be due to people, time, local conditions, focusing on the relationship between local and overall coordination.Using the overall view, dialectical view and concept of perpetual motion to perceiving people and the relationship between the disease,better to grasp the essence of disease .It has universality and boundedness itself in clinical practice. Through four diagnostic methods alone can only have the inside will be performed at outside the disease works from the outside hides awareness of the disease, but for the hidden, undocumented discernible disease,it maybe missed easily.Such as HIV infection, early carcinoma, hyperlipidemia, and other without any signs and symptoms of these syndromes can often make the macro syndrome powerless.With the progress of science and technology, the TCM doctor will use modern medicine physical and chemical testing means and extended the four content further to the microscopic world, from the human body system, organs, cells, cells, molecules and DNA, such as different levels and level to clarify syndrome in structure, metabolism and function aspects of material foundation, bluff and find syndrome diagnosis values of micro index,in order to establish the diagnosis of disease and standard, this is the search for disease at the micro level 2,it is just the microcosmic syndrome differentiation, it extensive in terms of macroscopic syndrome differentiation, the action of complement and development. Combining the macroscopic syndrome and microcosmic syndrome differentiation constitute and improve the system of syndrome differentiation of TCM diagnosis and treatment, both the strengths and complement each other, from different angles and levels to reveal the connotation of TCM symptoms, improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of TCM. 3、The unification of the qualitative research and quantitative researchIn TCM chose the multi-disciplinary cross research to innovation and development, combining qualitative research and quantitative research, it must avoid its weaknesses to achieve better effect. Quantitative study of things can be part of the quantitative measurement and analysis, it has a complete set of technical operation, including sampling, data collection, statistical methods and so on, through measurement, calculation and analysis, to understand the the essence of things.At present, TCM clinical always used randomized controlled trials, quantitative research describes the research objective phenomenon and essence of Chinese medicine law objectively and accurately , maximum play to the efficiency of data to a comparative study, the numerical probability P values such as the result.Take the data analysis is reliable, precise way make traditional Chinese medicine has achieved many successes in nearly 60 years.Because of the complexity of the medical, sometimes dates also cant tell, so it needs to draws on qualitative research methods.Qualitative research is based on ethnography, phenomenology, hermeneutics and formed a kind of sociological research methods,it can serve as the basis of quantitative research,The results will be more objective and more complete when using qualitative research and quantitative research to study the same question from different angles.It can also solve the complex problems which quantitative research is unable to deal with.Some research must to using qualitative and quantitative method integrated, some qualitative research also to have data to support.Qualitative research has wide applicability when exploring individual subjective feelings and it can not be replaced.TCM learns from multidisciplinary, research achievements in many areas,and it looks for scientific research methods by combining the advantages and characteristics of quantitative and qualitative research,and it will benefit from development of TCM and its international recognition.Then the doctor who expert on seasonal febrile diseases. 4、The unification of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation The unification of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation is an effective way of modern TCM major clinical disease. has a record of the combination of disease and syndrome differentiation,and Zhang zhongjing is good at combination of clinical disease syndrome differentiation.Both andtaken the model of taking disease as the key link.Expert at seasonal febrile diseases also inherit this unification.The happening of the disease development all has the certain regularity, which is the base of disease differentiation;Different individuals,different stages of development and different conditions of the same kind of disease have different form and this is the objective basis of syndrome differentiation. Disease differentiation is beneficial to selecting the correct diagnosis and treatment. Syndrome differentiation reflecting the level ,diversity and dynamic of treatment.Disease differentiation provides fundamental guidance for syndrome differentiation,its beneficial to summary the importance.Syndrome differentiation can reflect the flexibility and be able to research TCM further. disease differentiationcan grasp the macro development trend of the disease and the core of pathology.Establish the treatment based on state of an illness.Only through this way can we improving the accuracy of disease diagnosis and treatment and forward-looking to using the drugs.The all-sided unification of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation can fully grasp the nature of the disease and improve the therapeutic effects.Some patients in the early stages of the disease have no obvious symptoms,only through physical and chemical inspection to diagnose and effectively treated.Correctly judge the prognosis of the disease.Objectively reflect the therapeutic effect mustcombine the TCM syndromes indicator withphysical and chemical objective indicators.As the change of themedical model, medical technology and the pattern of Chinese and western medicine,the old disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation already cannot fully cope with the existing clinical problems.Modern TCM is exploring new modes of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation and treatment continuously and further developing and improving the TCM syndrome differentiation system. 5、The unification of health preservation and disease diagnosis and treatment Modern TCM stands for prevention, health care and health cover the whole process of life,it insists on the core concept that prevention first and linkingtreatmentandprevention.This concept can guide people to take the appropriate way for achieving the purpose of less sick or slowing the disease progression,satisfy the desire for the people that want to possessing healthy body.There are four not disease states:(1)health state,(2)incubating disease state,(3)pre disease state,(4)progressofnot disease state.The combine of the modern TCM health preservation with disease diagnosis and treatment manifestin treating not disease states.It corresponds four levels:（1）Prevent disease before get ill,eliminating pathogenic factors.The ways to prevent disease such as doing proper sports, eating a balanced diet and medicinal food, having a scientific lifestyle,using massage and acupuncture,having healthtest regularly.(2)In the early ill state we should treat it early and prevent the disease from spreading.(3)Prevent the existing disease from spreading further.(4)Preventing the recurrence of disease.Modern TCM not only attaches great importance to the prevention and health care,but also payattentionto the treatment of disease,its a positive, proactive, advanced medicine.It aims at the human physical and mental health,systematic manageindividual health in an all-round,take effective measures ahead of time in different stages of health and disease, prevent the happening development transformation and recurrence of the disease. It protects peoples psychosomatic health comprehensive.The theory and method of curing not disease widely used in health management, sub-health intervention and prevention of infectious diseases, chronic diseases and cancer prevention and control,etc.Cure not disease theory emphasis on the unity of the health preservation and disease diagnosis and treatment,it becomes a advanced medical withadvancementofguidingidea,the highefficiencyinperformance and the development of advanced. 6、The unification of natural science and humanities science TCM applying the idea of simple dialectical materialism,it includes the overall idea, theory of Yin and Yang and five elements theory, etc,giving full play to the role of the thinking in images to analysis on human health and disease.TCM abstract the Yin and Yang attributes to the things or phenomena to summarizes the properties of other things,it uses the opposition,mutual support,growth and decline,mutual transformation of Yin and Yang to explain the structure of human body,physiological functions and pathological changes,and guide the diagnosis,treatment and prevention of disease.TCM thinking the world is made up of wood, fire, earth, metal, water, five basic substance, the movement of the five elements is the so-called ”Wu Xing”.Five elements and five zang-organs contact constitute the human and the nature of the whole human body.TCMillustrate the human body physiological relations of five zang-organs with mutual grow and mutual restraint of five elements.Illustrate the pathology of disease with five elements multiplication, phase threat and mother-child phase.TCM uses the theory of Yin and Yang, five elements to reveal the phenomenon of life, health and disease,and to explaining the mechanism and methods of disease prevention and control,and to guide health care.TCM clinical takes attention to doctors subjective thinking,use intuition to observe and understand the phenomenon and the essence of the disease,and determine the treatment principles and methods according to their subjective thinking.Doctors hands-on practice makes TCM full of strong humanities spirit.TCM uses the natural science methods and the logic analysis, such as comparison method, deductive method, analogy method and reductiontoabsurdity to explore human physiological pathology and disease prevention and control and the nature and law of preserve ones health in clinical and research ideas.TCM absorption the results of physics, chemistry, mathematics, and weather and other natural scientific to let ithas the natural science such as objectivity, repeat ability and logic properties ,and create new exploration and practice of medicine which different from the western medicine.It embodies the perfect unification of the humanities and natural science. In short, the acknowledge of the human body and diseases through modern TCM start to transforming the traditional overall view into the unity of the whole view and partial view,transforming macroscopic syndrome differentiation into blend of macroscopic syndrome and microcosmic syndrome differentiation.Disease and syndrome differentiation, qualitative research and quantitative research, an organic combination of the humanities and natural science,make research and clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine from macroscopic to microcosmic world.It can reduce the subjective fuzziness greatly and understand the life and disease more comprehensive and profound.Modern TCM progressing towards the objective accuracy along with developing of scientific research and medical level.Modern TCM has the property of life science frontier subjects In the very great degree,it provides reference and enlightenment for the establishment and development of medicine and contemporary complex science.Modern TCM improves the similarity of scientific essence and the the complementary of methodology between Chinese medicine and western medicine,make it progress as the advancedmedical. References 1 CHEN Xi,PAN