不规则形式.doc

英语常用不规则动词（变化规律小结）一. AAA 结构原形 过去式 过去分词 cast cast cast 投掷 cost cost cost 花费cut cut cut 割,切 hit hit hit 打hurt hurt hurt 伤害 let let let 让put put put 放 set set set 放置shut shut shut 关闭 spread spread spread 展开read read read 读 spit spit spit 吐 二. ABA 结构原形 过去式 过去分词 become became become 成为 come came come 来overcome overcame overcome 克服 run ran run 跑三. ABB 结构1.过去式和过去分词都含有ought或aught原形 过去式 过去分词 bring brought brought 带 buy bought bought 买fight fought fought 战斗 think thought thought 想seek sought sought 寻找catch caught caught 抓,捉住 teach taught taught 讲授 2.词尾有ild,end时只需要把d变成t 原形 过去式 过去分词 bend bent bent 弯曲 build built built 建设lend lent lent 借给 spend spent spent 花费send sent sent 送3.动词后加d或t 构成过去式和过去分词（ee改e, ll改l）原形 过去式 过去分词 burn burnt burnt 烧 deal dealt dealt 分配hear heard heard 听见 learn learnt learnt 学习learn learned learned 学习mean meant meant 意思 spoil spoilt spoilt 损坏feel felt felt 感觉 sleep slept slept 睡觉sweep swept swept 打扫 smell smelt smelt 闻到spell spelt spelt 拼写 spill spilt spilt 溢出4.把ell变成old原形 过去式 过去分词 sell sold sold 出售 tell told told 告诉5.动词原形ay结尾,改aid构成过去式和过去分词原形 过去式 过去分词 lay laid laid 放置,下蛋 pay paid paid 支付say said said 说6.改变元音字母原形 过去式 过去分词 dig dug dug 挖 feed fed fed 饲养,喂find found found 发现 get got got 获得,成为hang hung hung 悬挂 hold held held 拿,握lead led led 领导 lose lost lost 丢失meet met met 遇见 shine shone shone 照耀,发光shoot shot shot 射击 sit sat sat 坐 spit spat spat 吐 win won won 胜利7.改变元辅音字母原形 过去式 过去分词 leave left left 离开 have/has had had 有stand stood stood 站立 understand understood understood 明白8.改变辅音字母make made made 制造四.ABC1.变单词重读节中的元音字母,“i”分别为“a”和“u”原形 过去式 过去分词 begin began begun 开始 drink drank drunk 喝ring rang rung 按铃 sing sang sung 唱sink sank sunk 下沉 swim swan swum 游泳 2.词尾为ow, aw时,过去式将其变为ew,过去分词在原形后加n（show除外）原形 过去式 过去分词 blow blew blown 吹 draw drew drawn 拉,拖,画grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道throw threw thrown 投,扔overthrow overthrew overthrown 推翻show showed shown 出示,展示 3.词尾为“i+辅音（1个）+e”过去式将i改o,过去分词在动词原形后加n，如果辅音 字母为d或t,须双写（give,hide除外）原形 过去式 过去分词 arise arose arisen 出现,发生 drive drove driven 驾车ride rode ridden 骑,乘 rise rose risen 上升write wrote written 写give gave given 给 hide hid hidden 躲藏 4.过去分词在过去式后加（e）n,过去式的元音为o（d或t结尾须双写）原形 过去式 过去分词 break broke broken 打破 choose chose chosen 选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 freeze froze frozen 结冰 get got gotten 获得 speak spoke spoken 说话wake woke woken 醒 awake awoke awoken 唤醒wake waked waked 醒 awake awaked awaked 唤醒 5.过去分词在原形后加（e）n原形 过去式 过去分词 be was/were been 是 bite bit bitten 咬eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 下落give gave given 给 hide hid hidden 躲藏see saw seen 看 take took taken 拿走shake shook shaken 摇动6.原形,过去式和过去分词都不相同（无规律）原形 过去式 过去分词 do did done 做 go went gone 去fly flew flown 飞 lie lay lain 躺,说谎show showed shown 展览 wear wore worn 穿,戴tear tore torn 撕破 be(am,is,are）was/were been 是五.情态动词只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词原形 过去式 过去分词 can could 可以,能够may might 可能will would 将shall should 将4单词复数形式 一.规则变化： 1.一般在名词词尾加s cat-cats,room-rooms,tree-trees,map-maps,bird-birds,orange-oranges,bike-bikes 2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加esbox-boxes,class-classes,watch-watches,dish-dishes盘子，碟子，餐具， lash-lashes鞭子，coach-coaches,branch-branches,match-matches,fox-foxes,gas-gases汽油，气体，气态,ass-asses驴子 3.以O结尾的名词后面加s或esphoto-photos,radio-radios,zoo-zoos,piano-pianos,bamboo-bamboosmulatto-mulattos白黑混血儿,kangaroo-kangaroos有生命的加es：tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes，hero-heroes,mango-mangoes,volcano-volcanoes火山，negro-negroes黑人，mosquito-mosquitoes蚊子 4.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i+esbaby-babies,family-families,city-cities,country-countries以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s：boy-boys,toy-toys,play-plays,way-waysvalley-valleys山谷，donkey-donkeys,guy-guys 5.以fe或f结尾的名词，把fe或f变为vesknife-knives,wife-wives,leaf-leaves,thief-thieves,shelf-shelves架子life-lives,wolf-wolvesf结尾的单数字,有许多只需加个s就成复数：roof-roofs,hoof-hoofs(兽的）蹄，马蹄，走，步行,chief-chiefs级别最高的，总的，主要的，最重要的；族长，酋长，首领，主管人员，cliff-cliffs悬崖，峭壁 二.名词复数的不规则变化1. child-children,foot-feet，tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,man-men,woman-women注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men和-women。如：an Englishman,two Englishmen.但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2. 单复同形deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese3. 集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数people,police,cattle牛，牲口，畜生等本身就是复数，不能说a people,a police,a cattle但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle一头牛the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese等名词，表示国民总称时作复数用。如：The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4. 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词maths,politics,physics等学科名词为不可数名词，是单数。news是不可数名词。the United States,the United Nations应视为单数。The United Nation was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂