高三英语二轮复习 第二篇 阅读技能探究 专题三 阅读理解 第2讲 推理判断题课件.ppt

第2讲推理判断题 考点1细节推断类 典例 2015 浙江高考 d片段 evenso partofmecontinuedtoresentwalkingduty joeandbeckyhadpromised notfair i dbalk 不心甘情愿地做 silentlyassheandiwalked notfair i dloudlyremindanyonewithinearshotuponourreturnhome thenoneday january1 2007 tobeexact myhusband sdoctorutteredanunthinkableword leukemia 白血病 withthat ispenteighttotenhoursadaywithjoeinthehospital doinganythingandeverythingicouldtoeasehisdiscomfort duringthosesixmonthsofhospitalizations becky 12atthetime adjustedtootheradultsbeinginthehousewhenshereturnedfromschool myworkcolleaguesadjustedtomytakingoffatamoment snoticeformedicalemergencies everypartofmylifechanged nopartofmyoldroutineremained q thestorycametoitsturningpointwhen a joediedin2009b joefellillin2007c thewriterbegantowalkthedogd thedogtriedtopleasethewriter 解题思路 速读文章 试找出相关的信息句 并突出关键词 尝试解答 thenoneday january1 2007 tobeexact myhusband sdoctor utteredanunthinkableword leukemia 白血病 everypartofmy lifechanged nopartofmyoldroutineremained b 解题技巧 1 字斟句酌 明内涵根据文章提供的具体事实 抓住文章中的具体细节 如时间 地点 人物关系 人物身份 事件等 并结合生活常识进行推理判断 重点是合理把握其内在关系 理解其真正的含义 做出正确的判断 2 常见命题方式题干中一般有knowabout learnfrom等词语 考点2逻辑推断类 典例 2015 江苏高考 c片段 oncepeoplebegintovolunteer whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime toanswerthisquestion researchershaveconductedfollow upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime forinstance onestudyfollowed238volunteersinfloridaoverayear oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou itleads toimportantpracticaladvice theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinchicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview volunteer asanimportantsocialrole itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas volunteeringinhospitalisanimportantpartofwhoiam consistentwiththeresearchers expectations theyfoundapositivecorrelation 正相关 betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedto volunteer theseresults onceagain leadtoconcreteadvice onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity itemsliket shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity q whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork a individualdifferencesinroleidentity b publiclyidentifiablevolunteert shirts c d practicaladvicefromresearchers 我来命题 1 速读文章 试找出相关的信息句 并突出关键词 2 请根据该题选项的特点将找到的信息改编成选项c theyfoundapositivecorrelationbetweenthestrengthofroleidentity andthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer roleidentityasavolunteer 解题技巧 1 逻辑关联 得结论 抓与之相关的关键信息 进行正向或逆向思维 推断出其隐含的深层含义 整合全文或全段信息 进行综合判断 确定最佳选项 根据上下文逻辑关系 进行实事求是的判断 得出合乎逻辑的结论 而不是仅仅根据自己的经验 观点或爱好去做出判断 2 常见命题方式题干中一般有infer conclude intend mean suggest imply indicate等实义动词 还有表达推测的情态动词can could might would等 可能还包括表示可能性的副词probably possibly等及形容词likely等 考点3观点态度类 典例 2014 福建高考 e片段 againstthisbackground thefactthatthereisanargumentwithinthegovernmentoverwhethertopublishanofficialreportonwindfarms impactonthecountrysidebecomesevenmoreextraordinary thetwopartiesinthecoalition 联合 governmentareindisagreementoverwhatitshouldsay wehavesomeadviceforthetwoparties publishthereport andletthecountrybethejudge evenifitcontainsevidencethatwindfarmsareharmful itwillhardlybeapleasantsurprisetopeoplewhodonotlikethem equally supportersmustarguetheircasebyacknowledgingtheconcernsandexplainingwhytheyareeithermisplacedorworthyofmuchattention thesuggestionthatfurthernegotiationsaretotakeplacetoproducean acceptable reportsuggeststhatthepoliticsofcoalitiongovernmentaredoingthecountryharminacertainway giventhesensitivitiesinvolved alltheinformationshouldbeavailablesothatpeoplecanreachtheirownconclusions ratherthanbeingleftwiththesuspicion 猜疑 thatfactsarebeingreplacedbypoliticalbeliefs q whichofthefollowingreflectstheauthor sopinion a increasepoliticalimpactonenergypolicy b releaseastatementofsupportersonwindfarms c letthenationjudgethefactsaboutwindpower d leavethetwopartiestoreachtheirownconclusions 解题思路 速读文章 试找出相关的信息句 并标出关键词 尝试解答 wehavesomeadviceforthetwoparties publishthereport andlet thecountrybethejudge c 解题技巧 1 忠于措辞 定选项文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中 注意文中作者或人物的措辞 正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思 切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或人物的观点 留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感 态度或观点的词语或句子 结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统 风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断 2 常见命题方式题干中一般有attitude opinion think believe thinkabout等词语 考点4目的意图类 典例 2014 大纲版全国卷 e片段 afterprovinghecouldbecomeayoungherobysavingababyfromarunawaycar banksgetshisfirstrealtask hemustmakefriendswithapopulargirlatschool natalieconnors then hemustspyonherfather ascientistwhohasdevelopedadangeroustechnology 技术 banksmuststopagroupofbadpeoplefromforcingnatalie sfatherintousingthetechnologytoendangertheworld theciamayhavetaughthimfirst classself defencemoves buttheydidn tshowhimhowtotalktogirls bankshaszeroabilitywhenitcomestodealingwithgirls howcanhegetaroundhisproblemandgetaninvitationtothegirl supcomingbirthdayparty willhefinallybecomenatalie sboyfriendandfindoutwhateverhecanaboutherfather swork agentcodybankshaseverythingthatyoungpeopleareinterestedin bigexplosions breath takingperformancesandfunnygirl datingexperiences itwaslistedno 2intheamericanboxofficelastweek thisstoryisinterestingandfunforthewholefamilytoenjoy andespeciallycoolforyoungboys saidpaulperkins afilmreviewerintheus q whatisthepurposeofthetext a makingknowntheworkofthecia b tellingthestoryaboutacoolboy c showingthedarksideofscience d introducinganewfilm 解题思路 速读文章 结合文体特点试找出相关的信息句并标出与目的意图有关的词语 尝试解答 thisstoryisinterestingandfunforthewholefamilytoenjoy and especiallycoolforyoungboys saidpaulperkins afilmreviewerin theus d 解题技巧 1 文体特点 求突破 记叙文 一般会在首段或尾段呈现出高度概括的总结性的语言 且往往有一定的哲理性 所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开 广告类应用文 文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍 使用具有明显支持倾向的语言 说明文 写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握 阅读时需要找准主题句 议论文 提出论点 进行论证 得出结论 作者的目的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中 2 常见命题方式题干中一般有purpose wanttotell inorderto等词语 考点5文章出处或读者对象类 典例 2014 安徽高考 a personalrobotmakeyourparentsandteachershappy areyouhavingproblemsfinishingyourhomeworkontime doyouavoidtidyingyourroomuntilyourmomshoutsatyou youdon tneedtoworryifyoubuyamrhelpinghandpersonalrobot mrhcanbeprogrammedtoorganizeyourhomework yourownpersonalrobotwillfollowyouaround puttingawaybooksandobjectsthatyouhaveleftonthefloororbed mrhalsohasthesefeatures 特点 weighsonly500grams includeslong lastingbatteries comeswitha5 yearguarantee rememberssimpleinstructionsoriginally 最初 soldfor 499nowonly 299buynow watchcontrolthisisawatchthatjamesbondwouldbeproudtowear thisisnotawatchforordinarypeople yourelectronicpengowatchcontrol actsasaremotecontrolfortvsandvideos givesyouadailyweatherforecast remindsyouwhentohandinyourhomework setsoffasilentwarningalarmwhenparentsorteachersarenear besides yourpengowatchcontrolwillalwaystellyouthetimeaccurately originallysoldfor 199nowonly 99forfurtherinformation clickhere q wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotexts a onanoticeboard b inacompanybrochure c onateenagewebsite d inacollegenewspaper 解题思路 速读文章 结合文章语言特色试找出最能体现文章出处的专用词汇 尝试解答 buynow forfurtherinformation clickhere c 解题技巧 1 专用词汇 做判断考生本身要具备一定的常识 把文章的内容与自己所具备的常识结合起来做出正确的判断 如要对报纸 杂志 网络 小说 童话 广告 说明书 旅游指南 药品说明 操作指南等文章的语言特色 特别是其专用词汇有基本的了解 根据文章的语言特色和其专用词汇对号入座 快速选出最佳答案 2 常见命题方式thepassagewouldprobablybefoundin thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom outof wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom 误区纠偏 具有下列特点的选项不可作为正确选项 1 原文明确提到的信息 而不是需要考生进行推断的信息 2 语言表达正确 却与题干要求或文章内容不相符 3 推理过于绝对 结论过于片面 与生活常识明显不相符 4 内容部分正确 部分错误 5 符合常识 但文中没有信息支持 考点6篇章结构类 典例 2015 重庆高考 d therearemanyplacestogoonsafari 观赏野生动物 inafrica butridingahorsethroughthefloodedwatersofbotswana sokavangodeltamustrankasoneoftheworld smostexcitingwildlifejourneys severalsafaricampsoperateasthebaseforthisadventure providinguniqueridestwiceadaytoexploredeepintothedelta thecampshaveexcellenthorses professionalguidesandlotsofsupportworkers theyhaveareputationforprovidingagreatridingexperience themorningride whentheguidestakeyoutobeautiful shallowlakesfullofwaterlilies tendstobemoreactive itisunlikeanyotherridingexperience withrainbowsforminginthesplashingwateraroundyouandthesoundofhugedropsofwaterbouncingoffyourbodyandface itistrulyexciting youareverylikelytocomeacrosslargewildanimals too onhorsebackitispossibletogetquiteclosetoelephants giraffesandmanyotheranimals thesenseofexcitementandtensionlevelsrisesuddenlythough asdoesyourheartrate asyoumoveclosertothem intheevening ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink sedatethoughtheyare ridesatthistimeofdayarestillveryimpressive asthesun srayspassthroughthedustkickedupbythehorses theromanceofafricacomestolife backatthecampyoucankickoffyourbootsandenjoyexcellentfoodandwine lookingbackonyourday youwillfindithardtodenythatahorsebacksafariisascloseasyouwillevercometoansweringthecallofthewild q theauthorintroducedtheridingexperienceintheokavangodeltamainlyby a followingspaceorderb followingtimeorderc makingclassifications