动词ing形式 答案.doc

必修四 Unit 2 语法-动名ing （作主语，宾语） 非谓语动词：1.动名词：（可作主语，宾语，表语，定语，宾语补足语） 2.动词不定 3.分词动名词的时态,语态主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式在动名词（doing）前加上not动名词：一般式动名词一般式所表示的动作可与谓语动作同时,也可在谓语动作之前或之后,有时可能没有明确的先后关系1. 没有明确的先后关系。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。His job is teaching. 他的工作是教书。Finding work is difficult these days. 现在找工作可不容易。2. 与谓语动作同时发生。He kept smiling. 他不停地笑。We had a good time in dancing with them. 我们同他们跳舞玩得很开心。3. 发生在谓语动作之前。I apologize for not having kept my promise 我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country他对国家做了大的贡献而受到表扬After reading your letter I knew what had happened. 看了你的信后我就知道出什么事了。4. 发生在谓语动作之后。He suggested bringing out a new type of bike. 他建议生产一种新型的自行车。I am thinking of going to the Industrial Exhibition this afternoon 我想下午去看工业展览。Would you mind opening the window? 把窗户打开好吗?动名词：一般式的被动语态1. No one enjoys being made fun of in public. 没人愿意当众被取笑。2. He hated being treated like a child. 他讨厌象对待小孩那样对待他。3. We plant trees to prevent soil being washed away easily. 我们栽树以防止土壤被轻易地冲走。4. There is no need of the bike being stolen. 自行车没有被偷的危险。5. The fact of being supported by so many people is a great comfort. 有这么多人支持,这是极大的安慰。6. Friendship is the most important in his life. He cant imagine being left alone in a strange place. 在他的生活中友谊是很重要的。他不能想象单独离开去一个陌生的地方。动名词：完成式动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,这时通常用动名词的完成时态。1. She denied having stolen anything 她否认偷过任何东西。2. I have no idea of their having done such a thing. 我不知道他们做过那样的事。3. I dont remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。4. Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。5. I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得奖牌。6. Tony was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party. 托尼不高兴是因为没有被邀请参加聚会.7. He did not admit having done anything wrong. 他不承认做过错事。动名词：完成式的被动语态1. Do you remember having been sent such an e-mail? 你记得曾经给你寄过这样一封电子邮件吗？2. The house showed no sign of having been damaged. 这栋房子没有已经受损的迹象。3. He prided himself on having never been beaten in chess. 他为下棋从未被击败而自豪。4. Tony was very happy for not having been invited. 没有被邀请托尼很高兴。5. After he became conscious, he remembered having been attached and hit on the head with a rod.动名词：否定式：1. I am sorry for not being able to come earlier. 对不起，没能早些来。2. He didnt mind not having been invited. 没邀请他，他并不介意。3.What surprised us was the boys not being allowed to see his mother.使我们意外的是不允许这孩子见他母亲.4. It happened in spite of my not wanting it to happen. 这事还是发生了,尽管我不希望它发生.5. I was displeased at his not going away. 他不走我不高兴。6. What worried him most was their not going there. 最使他担心的是,他们没有上那儿去.7. His not coming back made us much disappointed. 他没有回来令我们很失望。动名词：作主语一.动名词形式做主语1. 动词的-ing形式直接作主语,往往表示经常性,习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作,通常直接置于句首. 动词的-ing形式做主语通常表示事物化,抽象化的概念,其谓语动词一律用单数.Reading aloud is a good way in learning languages。 大声朗读是学习语言的一个好方法.Wasting a persons time is the same as killing him for his property。 浪费别人的时间等于谋财害命。2. 动词的-ing形式常用于公共标语中，尤其与no连用。 No Smoking禁止吸烟No Parking禁止停车No Spitting禁止吐痰No Fishing 禁止钓鱼No Hunting禁止捕猎3. it作形式主语，动词-ing形式放在其后。句形：It is + 形 + for / of sb. to do sthIt is/was no good/ use doing 做是没用的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做是不值得的It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的It+ be+ a waste of time (in) doing 做是浪费时间的It takes sb. time to do sth. 花费某人时间来做某事It is not good learning without practice. 学习而不实践这是不好的。It is worthwhile making the experiment. 做这个实验是值得的。It will take the workers 3 years to build the building. It took me only a few minutes to have breakfast.How long did it take you to clean your room? Its very difficult for me to walk on the ice. It was quite important for you to say that to him at that time. Its kind of you to help me.4.在“There be+动词-ing形式”结构中作主语。 There is no doing无法, 不允许. There is no sense (in) doing 做没道理 There is/was no use doing 做无用 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比做更槽 There is/was no point (in) doing 做无意义There is no joking about such matters. 这种事是开不得玩笑的。There is no point doing such a silly thing. 做这种傻事是没有意义的。二. 动名词形式做宾语 1. v-ing形式作动词的宾语。可接名词宾语的动词有：enjoy喜欢, include包含, excuse原谅, practice练习, advise劝告, suggest建议mind介意, delay延迟, forbid禁止, keep保持, consider考虑, miss错过finish完成, appreciate欣赏 risk冒险, admit 允许 avoid避免 complete完成mention提及 prevent阻止 dispute不同意 escape逃脱 imagine想象 quit停止resist抵制 endure容忍 celebrate 庆祝 deny否定 dislike不喜欢discontinue中断 recall回忆 stand忍受 understand理解口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，consider suggest/advise look forward to excuse/pardon承认推迟没得想，admit delay/put off fancy 避免错过继续练， avoid miss keep/keep on practise否认完成就欣赏，deny finish enjoy/appreciate Mary is considering changing her job 禁止想象才冒险， 玛利正在考虑换工作。 forbid imagine risk He admitted making a serious mistake.不禁介意准逃亡。 他承认犯了一个严重的错误。cant help mind allow/permit escape2. 在下面的短语中，动名词常用作介词的宾语. V-ing作介词宾语的句型,介词in常省略.be good at擅长, dream of梦见 , care about关心, devoteto投身于be concerned about,关心 look forward to期望, be interested in感兴趣, be used to惯于feel like想要, insist on坚持 object to反对 think o f考虑give up放弃, aim at以为目的, put off推迟, set about开始做stick to坚持 apply to适用于 owing to由于 lead to导致pay attention to注意 cant help禁不住 depend on依靠 contributeto奉献于succeed in doing 成功地做 be busy (in) doing 忙着做get down to 开始认真干 spend(in) doing 做花（时间，金钱have difficulty/ trouble (in) doing 做有困难 lose no time (in) doing 毫不耽搁干某事have a good/wonderful/time (in)doing 干很快乐I feel like going to the movie this evening. 今晚我想去看电影。Ive been looking forward to hearing from you. 我一直盼望着能收到你的信。She objected to my marrying her. 她不同意我娶她。3. 既可接动词-ing，又可接动词不定式作宾语，意义差别不大的有：like to do/ doing 喜欢做 hate to do/ doing不愿做prefer to do/ doing更喜欢干 begin to do/doing开始做start to do/ doing开始做 continue to do/doing继续做intend to do/doing打算做 attempt to do/doing欲做propose to do/doing建议做 neglect to do/dong漏做fear to do/doing害怕做Price will continue to rise/ rising. 价格将继续上涨。What do you intend to do/doing next? 你下一步打算做什么？4. 接动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语，但意义差别较大的词或词组有： stop to do sth. 停下来去做(另一件)事 remember to do sth.记住要去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事 remember doing sth.记得已做了某事mean to do sth. 想要某事 forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事mean doing sth 意味着某事 forget doing sth.忘记已做了某事try to do sth. 努力做某事 regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事情try doing sth. 试着做某事 regret doing sth.后悔已做了某事be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事 go on to do sth.继续做（另外一件事）be afraid of doing sth. 害怕某事 go on doing sth.继续做（原先没做完的事）need/want/require to do 需要 allow/permit/advise sb.to do sth. 允许.建议某人做某事need/want/require doing 需被 doing sth. 允许.建议做某事I remember to mail the letter. 我记得要去寄信。I remember mailing the letter. 我记得寄信了。I shall remember to help her with her Chinese. I remember seeing her somewhere before.Dont forget to call me tomorrow. I forgot reading this book.5.下列动词可接动词-ing不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动形式. need/ want/ require/ deserve doing = need/ want/ require/ deserve to be doneI need to repair my shoes. My shoes need repairing.I want to paint the walls. The walls want painting.6. 不定式多指某次具体的动作，动名词多指一般的或经常的行为。例如：I like to stay at home tonight. I like staying at home at night.She prefers to skate with Kate this afternoon. She prefers skating to skiing.7. 动词find, think, believe后不能接不定式作宾语,it作形式宾语,不定式放在句尾充当这些动词的宾语Children find it interesting to play computer games.Do you think it important to study computer well? 8.“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。例如： I dont know what to say to you. I cant decide which pair of shoes to buy. Can you tell me when to start?动名词的复合结构 1. 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为名名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词或名词所有格是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语，动名词的复合结构在句子中可作主语，宾语，表语。Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 她来帮忙鼓励我们大家。Marys coming late made her teacher angry. 玛利迟到使她的老师很生气。Jans being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来不少的麻烦。2. 在口语中，如果动名词的复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾语，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首做主语时不能这样来代替。Marys being ill made her mother upset. 玛利病了，她的妈妈不安。His smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他全家很生气。3.如果动名词的主语是无生命的事物或有生命的名词,但表示泛知意义时,则要用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格The sound of doors being opened and closed could be heard out in the street. 门的开关声在街上都能听到.Have you ever heard of women practicing boxing? 你听说过女人练拳吗？语法练习：1. She hasnt get used to _ like that. A. spoken to B. speak to C. speaking to D. being spoken to2._ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. A. The girl was educated B. The girl educated C. The girls educating D. The girls being educated3._ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The presidents attending4.-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done5. -What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read6. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded7. I have to go to work on foot, for my bike needs_. A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. being repaired8. They are practicing _ the new song. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. to be singing9. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _ A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure10. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having11. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught12. Mr Read made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D, having set up13. The man insisted _ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding14. - What do you think made Mary so upset? - _ her new bicycle. A. As she not B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing15. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed16. I spent half an hour _ my homework.A. finishing doing B. to finish doing C. finishing to do D. finish doing 17. Excuse me. May I _ you to pass me the sugar?A. keep B. make C. let D. trouble18. Thank you for _ me so much help.A. to give B. give C. giving D. gave19. “Are you free this afternoon?” “No. Id like to teach the children _ the piano.”A. playing B. what to play C. play D. How to play20. Youd better _ too much time on computer. Its bad for your study.A. spend B. to spend C. not spend D. not to spend21. The headmaster stopped _ to me because there was a call for him.A. talking B. to talk C. talked D. talks22. Mr. Brown was busy _ on the machine.A. work B. to work C. worked D. working23. When I walked past h is house, I heard him _ in the room.A. sung B. singing C. sings D. sang24. The girl enjoys _ to the radio very much. A. listen B. to listen C. listening D. listened25. He wasnt feeling well, so he had to _ .A. stops working B. stop working C. stops to work D. stop to work26. “Why didnt you buy any bread on your way home?” “Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.”A. take B. taking C. to take D. takes27. Kate spent most of her free time _ TV playsA. watching B. watched C. to watch D. watch 28. Will you please _ me _ this evening, Meimei?A. to help; to wash clothes B. to help; cook supper C. help; with the cooking D. help; doing some washing29. Its not easy _ us a foreign language.A. for; learning B. of; learning C. of; to learn D. for; to learn30. I would like _ your bike. A. to see B. seeing C. see D. saw31. He prefers _ basketball to _. A. play, swim B. playing, swimming C. to play, to swim D. playing, swim32. He is too young _ go to school. A. not to B. to not C. to D. for33. It takes me 30 minutes _ to school by bike every day. A. going B. to go C. goes D. go34. Toms bike is broken. It needs _. A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. repairs35. I hate _ because I am afraid of water. A. to swim B. swimming C. swims D. swam36. A knife is used for _ things. A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. cuts37. Can you finish _ a pig in 2 minutes? A. to draw B. draw C. drew D. drawing38. No _ please. A. smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. to smoke39. _ good a book is much better than _ a bad TV. A. Reading, watching B. Read, watch C. Reading, to watch D. To read, watching40. Its easier _ than _. A. say, do B. to say, to do C. says, does D. saying, doing15 DDDDC 6-10 CCCDD 11-15 CBCCC 16-20 ADCDC21-25 ADBCB 26-30 CACDA 31-35 BCBCB 36-40 CDBABUnit 3 语法 动词ing -作表语.定语.宾语补足语动词ing形式是动词的一种谓语形式，有动词原形加ing构成，包括现在分词和动名词。可以在句子中用作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，状语和定语。一. 用作表语。1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语。多表示一般性或抽象行为。Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job。 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。The news is quite astonishing. 这个消息令人吃惊。全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。What worries me most is her staying too late every night. 是我最担心的是，她每天都工作很晚。 (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别：进行时态表示主语正在做什么，而动词-ing形式作表语只是说明主语的特性或情况。Mike is listening to music.迈克正在听音乐。（当前正在进行的动作） Mikes favorite hobby is listening to music. 迈克最大的爱好的听音乐（说明主语的情况）二. 作定语1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。如：a swimming pool, drinking watera reading room= a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method=a method for working 工作方法 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可