句子翻译解题技巧.doc

句子翻译解题技巧Four Asian TigersColorBlue /red Blue sky Blue sky lamp Green Bluebird Meet ones waterlooWhite 7-/You are the architect of your own fortune. You have to blow your own horn. 1. 翻译题介绍和考点归纳翻译题主要考查学生对词汇和语法的掌握情况。考试时，考生首先要弄清楚每题的考点,是考词汇还是语法内容。开始翻译时，应注意汉英在词性、句式和表达习惯上的特点，增加原文中无其形而有其义的词汇，如量词、助词、概括词、时态词、语态词、及其它解释性文字。2. 翻译时应注意的要点1） 句子的完整问题句子的完整问题主要涉及主语。For example“只要还有需求，我就有活着的理由，满足就是死亡”As long as I have a want, I have a reason for living. Satisfaction is death.“无论多么成功，人们都将继续面对困难”No matter how successful they become, people will continue to face difficulties.2)动词形式和处理方式问题动词形式和处理方式问题主要涉及该使用哪种非谓语动词形式和出现在主语位置上的动词。For example“确定目标是确保成功的第一步”Setting goals is the first step in achieving success. 将事物分类就是根据一定的计划把他们分组或排序To classify things is to arrange them in groups or sequences according to a plan.其它位置“变化要求采取正确的行动”Change requires taking the right action.除了将汉语的动宾结构处理为非谓语结构外，可以借助于英语的此类转换，将动宾结构翻译成“名词1+介词+名词2”结构For example“事情无论大小，注意细节对于成功至关重要”It is +adj for sb. to do sth .Whether it is a great matter or a small one, attention to detail is vital to success. Paying attention to 3)时态照应问题翻译时很容易冒犯的一个低级错误就是忽视前后时态的照应，表面上看将“虽然他非常痛恨过去”翻译成Much he hates the past绝对没有问题，但是，如果后面分句是he wrote two books documenting his five-year prison experience，那情况那就不同了，因为wrote明确限定了时间，所以hates就应该改为hated，这就是时态照应。The researchers concluded that the more time children spend watching television,_(他们的学习成绩越差)“他们的学习成绩越差”可以翻译成：the poorer they perform academically 对虚拟语气的测试自然是时态，使用be型虚拟语气还是were型虚拟语气就涉及时态照应问题_（要不是因为我生病了），I would have lent him a helping hand. 译文： Had it not been for my illness4）语态问题翻译的语态问题包括谓语动词的被动语态，也包括非谓语动词的被动结构。汉语使用被动语气的几率小于英语，即从结构上看，汉语是主动语态的地方，翻译成英语时需要使用被动语态，尤其是无主句。For example“ 通常六点半开灯”The lights are usually turned on at 6；30“为这事已经拨了大笔款项”A large sum of money has been put aside for that purpose.3. 行文需要，不更换主语或者宾语，使用被动语态“当有人向他提起那封信时，他感到很尴尬”He found it very embarrassing to be reminded of that letter.HaveEntangle Fight with Have lower hand over CarryExchange for a heap of silver corns 5)平行结构问题平行部分可以单词、词组、句子、段落For examplesSeeing much, , and studying much are the three pillars of learning.Cherish your yesterday;_; but live your today.考察点: or, eitheror, not onlybut also, notbut, rather thanFor examples看到人们物质丰富，而精神匮乏，这事一种遗憾。It is a pity to find people rich in goods,_.6)语序问题句子翻译中的语序问题主要涉及倒装结构Only 修饰状语放在句首只有晚上和周末努力工作，他才可能在期限签完报告。Only by working hard at evening and weekends is he able to complete the report.他回家时才知道这消息。Only when he came home did he know the news.否定词或带有否定含义的词语谓语句首For example我不再因为得不到生活中的美好事物而诅咒世界。No longer do I curse at the world for my lack of the good thing in life.In no case will china be the first country to use nuclear weapon.一个不相信自己的人很少能获得成功Rarely does a person succeed when he does not believe in himself.4. so.that For examples他感到如此沮丧，什么也不能让他开心起来So depressed did he feel that thing would cheer him up.7.名词的可数与不可数Professor Smith devotion to teaching had_(留下深刻印象) On all his students. Made a deep impressionHe is said to have been a good student until he _(开始对电脑上瘾) Became addicted to computer games句子翻译专项训练87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had _ (很难跟上班里的同学) in math and English.88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary_ (就不会被大雨淋着了).89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are_ (更有可能增加体重).90. _ (很多人没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.ThatWhat That she 91. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is_ (与缺乏锻炼密切相关).87. difficulty (in) catching up with his fellow classmates88. would not have been caught in the heavy rain89. more likely to gain/ put on weight90. What is not realized by many people/ What many people do not realize91. closely related to the lack of exercise 87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems that they havent found answers_to (他们至今还没有答案)88.What most parents are concerned about (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.89.Youd better take a sweater with you in case it turn(s) cold (以防天气变冷)90.Throught the project, many people have received training and decided to start their own business (决定自己创业)91.the anti-virus agent was not known until